41. Fungi And Mycorrhizae FAQs Frequently Asked Questions About Fungi and mycorrhizae. Contact Dr. JamesTraquair. 4. What are mycorrhizae and what is their role in agriculture ? http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/academic/agriculture/sustainable_agriculture/faqs/fun

Frequently Asked Questions About Fungi and Mycorrhizae Contact: Dr. James Traquair FAQ Menu URL: http://res.agr.ca/lond/pmrc/faq/menu.html What are fungi and how do they differ from bacteria ? What is the ecological role of fungi in soil and on plant surfaces ? How do agricultural practices affect the fungi in soil ? What are mycorrhizae and what is their role in agriculture ? ... Other Related WEB Links Special Topics Microbiology of Composting Rhizosphere Microbiology Nutrient Cycling Non-target Effects of Pesticides Allelochemistry Crop Residue Management Return to Top of Document Return to FAQ Table of Contents Return to PMRC HomePage Key Words 1. eukaryote, filamentous, yeast, chitinous walls, glucans, conidia, spores, sclerotia 2. saprophyte, parasite, pathogen, biotroph, necrotroph, mildew, root rot, damping off ,antibiosis, mutualism, symbiosis, Rhizoctonia solani, Cylindrocarpon destructans, Pythium spp., Thielaviopsis elegans, nutrient cycling 3. crop rotation, selection pressure, amendment, enrichment, anaerobic, tillage, pesticide residue, drainage,host specificity, propagule survival, dispersal 4. Glomus spp.. Gigaspora spp., vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae, endomycorrhizae, ectomycorrhizae, growth promotion, mutualism, nutrient absorption, fertility, phosphorus azygospore, chlamydospore, disease suppression, drought tolerance,carrier, agarose beads, pelletization, peat-based potting medium, obligate symbiont, colonized root fragments

42. Mycorrhizae PrevNextIndex mycorrhizae. mycorrhizae. The roots of almost allhigher plants are known to form mutualistic symbioses with fungi. http://www.ibiblio.org/ecolandtech/agriculture/feedback/new-links/msg00020.html

[Prev] [Next] [Index] Mycorrhizae To pcinet@sunsite.unc.edu Subject : Mycorrhizae From london@mercury.interpath.com Date : Sun, 07 Jul 1996 22:09:49 -0400 Organization : Venaura Farm Reply-To london@mercury.interpath.com http://users.caribnet.net/~lec/types.html Title: Mycorrhizae Mycorrhizae The roots of almost all higher plants are known to form mutualistic symbioses with fungi. These are termed mycorrhizae (fungus roots, from the Greek: mykes = mushroom or fungus and rhiza = root). Allen (1991) defined a mycorrhiza as " a mutualistic symbiosis between plant and fungus localised in a root or root-like structure in which energy moves primarily from plant to fungus and inorganic resources move from fungus to plant Fungi of very diverse kinds, belonging to all the major groups, take part in mycorrhizae. Based on morphology and the species involved, several different types are recognised. These are described below. The types can be distinguished by their positions along two gradients, from a lack of penetration of cortical cells (ectomycorrhizae) to penetration (vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae) and from an enclosed (ectomycorrhizae) to open root (vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae). Any natural ecosystem normally contains a mixture of types of mycorrhizal associations The main mycorrhizal response is one of increased efficiency of mineral uptake especially of poorly mobile ions and there is a voluminous literature dealing with the nutritional benefits that plants derive from mycorrhizal associations. Mycorrhizae are also involved in the transfer of nutrients from components of soil minerals and organic residues to solution, and in nutrient cycling in an ecosystem.

43. Mycorrhizae Bionutrients And Hydroponic Nutrients - Omni International Omni’s Bio Agricultural products mycorrhizae and Bionutrients = are unique andare designed to enhance plant and soil health by providing a broad range of http://www.omnibiotech.com/bio/why.html

Return Home Mycorrhizae ? Products Benefits ... Resources Mycorrhizae Spores Most plant species exploit the soil with the help of beneficial microorganisms called mycorrhizal fungi. The fine threads that make up the fungus branch between soil particles, grow into decomposing organic matter, even explore the shells of dead insects, where they find phosphorus and other vital nutrients. The nutrients are then passed back to the roots of the plant. The word Mycorrhizae comes from Greek roots (appropriately enough). It refers to any of several types of associations between plant roots and soil fungi. Mycorrhizae offers several benefits to the host plant, including faster growth, improved nutrition, greater drought resistance, and protection from pathogens. Benefits to the plant community, especially important in revegetation, are higher plant species diversity and improved soil structure. Omni Mycorrhizae can Benefit the Growth and Health of Plants. Mycorrhizae is Critical to the Health and Well Being of Plants Especially in Soils that have been Disturbed and are in need of Reclamation. The Management of Soil Biology is still a new Concept to many Growers, but many Soil Scientists now believe that the Planned use of Omni Mycorrhizae will be the next big Advancement in Plant Culture, both in Horticultural Food Crops and Ornamentals. Omni Mycorrhizae is the Result of Many Years of Research and Thousands of Growth Tests and is Recognized Internationally as the Best Available.

44. Botany 2002 - Symposium: Biocomplexity In Mycorrhizae Index, By Senior Author Symposium Biocomplexity in mycorrhizae Abstract Index, By Senior Author. Arbuscularmycorrhizae and their role in plant restoration in subtropical Florida. http://www.2002.botanyconference.org/sympos3/abstracts/

Botany 2002 Botany in the Curriculum: Integrating Research and Teaching August 4-7: Annual Scientific Conference Pyle Conference Center University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin Symposium: Biocomplexity in mycorrhizae Abstract Index, By Senior Author Return to: Botany 2002 HOME or Browse Abstracts in this Section by: 1st AUTHOR TITLE AUTHORS KEYWORDS SEARCH ... Summary Table Browse All Conference Abstracts by: 1st AUTHOR TITLE AUTHORS KEYWORDS ... VIEW ABSTRACTS Abstracts received so far: AVIS, PETER G.*, D. J. MCLAUGHLIN, I. CHARVAT, AND P. REICH. - The direct effect of nitrogen as a mechanism for change in ectomycorrhizal fungal communities. DICKIE, IAN A.*, STEFAN A. SCHNITZER, PETER B. REICH, AND SARAH E. HOBBIE. - A horizontally transmitted symbiosis in a patchy world: mycorrhizal infection of oak seedlings in old fields and savanna openings. DURALL, DANIEL M.* AND MELANIE D. JONES. - Morphological, molecular and isotopic tracer evidence for ectomycorrhizal fungal networks linking multiple plants in the field. EGERTON-WARBURTON, LOUISE M.*, J. IGNACIO QUEREJETA, AND MICHAEL F. ALLEN.

45. Circle One | Mycorrhizae Fungi Rebuilds Root Systems Circle One mycorrhizae Fungi rebuilds root systems damaged by harmful nematodes.Organic. mycorrhizae FUNGI mycorrhizae Fungi Soil Treatment Dry Form http://www.circle-one.com/mycorrhizae.html

MYCORRHIZAE FUNGI Mycorrhizae Fungi Soil Treatment Dry Form GENERAL INFORMATION: STORAGE AND DISPOSAL: Store out of sunlight in a cool, dry area inaccessible to children or pets. Rinse container and discard after use in accordance with local, state and federal regulations. APPLICATION: PROSPER MYCORRHIZAE is applied as a soil treatment at a rate of one pound per two acres (570 grams per hectare) mixed in sufficient water to give adequate coverage. As a seed treatment, PROSPER MYCORRHIZAE is diluted at four ounces per gallon of water (114 grams per 4 liters of water) and mixed with the seed until slightly damp at planting time. When applying on soil or turf, the product may be injected, tilled or watered in immediately after application. When applying on individual trees, use 1 pint of mix for each 5 feet of root circumference (500 cc for each 1.5 meters). AVAILABILITY: PROSPER liquid products are available in 1, 5 and 55 gallon containers as well as in bulk quantity. PROSPER dry products are available in 1, 5 and 25 pound containers as well as bulk quantity. PRICING: For the most up to date pricing information please contact your nearest Circle One representative. Circle One accepts Visa and Mastercard.

46. Mycorrhizae Innovations And Patents mycorrhizae Innovations and Patents © 2002, XQ23.COM Research (air.xq23.com) Moreinformation on mycorrhizae and mycorrhizae Research References. http://www.air.xq23.com/energy_science_resources/Mycorrhizae.html

Mycorrhizae Innovations and Patents © 2002, XQ23.COM Research (air.xq23.com) Who were the Great Minds Absolute Zero Acid Rain Acoelomates ... HOME KEY SITES: PRIME-RADIANT FUTURE'S EDGE Future Books Educational Priorities THE LUMINARIES SCIENCE FICTION ARCHIVES: FIRST PILLAR kurt vonnegut arthur c clarke david brin ... Dialysis More information on: Mycorrhizae and Mycorrhizae Research References. Recent U.S. patents related to Mycorrhizae: 6,360,480: Method and system to facilitate deep phytoremediation 6,329,193: Taxol production by a microbe 6,293,047: Finely divided mineral composite, and methods of making and utilizing same 6,287,779: Detection of fermentation-related microorganisms 6,271,175: Grass treatment 6,251,826: Probiotic soil additive composition and method 6,248,519: Detection of fermentation-related microorganisms 6,182,586: Controlled probe soil injection apparatus 6,173,525: Chanterelle mycelium 6,146,880: Methods for lyophilizing and using ericoid mycorrhizal fungi 6,133,196: Biological control of plant disease on roots of conifer seedlings 6,119,395: End seals for manufacturing seed

47. Mycorrhizae mycorrhizae. Broader Terms Soil biology and biochemistry Subject Categories Clickon the link to see a guide to library resources for that subject category. http://eastlib.east.asu.edu/Thesaurus/Topics/00000505.htm

Search Yahoo! Search AltaVista Main Index TopTerm Index ... Search the ASU East Internet Resource Index Prev Term: Muscle strength Next Term: National forests Mycorrhizae Broader Terms: Soil biology and biochemistry Subject Categories: Click on the link to see a guide to library resources for that subject category. ENVIR Environmental programs

48. Mycorrhizae Product Information mycorrhizae. mycorrhizae Inoculants (Glomus, various species) Agriculture Landscaping Horticulture Gardening Application Rates. mycorrhizae FAQ. http://www.treemail.nl/eurobio/products/mycorriz.htm

Product Information MYCORRHIZAE Mycorrhizae Inoculants Glomus , various species) Agriculture Landscaping Horticulture Gardening ... Application Rates These beneficial microorganisms are one of the biggest stories in gardening today, promising to improve the way that many plants are grown. Almost every ag university in the country has been experimenting with them for decades, but until recently they have not been available to the home gardener. In practical terms, these fungal organisms attach to a plant's root system and then search the surrounding soil to bring nutrients, particularly phosphorus, to their host plant. A plant with the right species of mycorrhizae can uptake ten times more nutrients, creating a very vigorous and healthy plant, needing much less fertilizer. Some plants have thick, fleshy roots which are not efficient (such as citrus, grapes, asparagus, tomatoes, melons, squash, and many fruit trees). These plants depend on mycorrhizae and may not even survive without it. We have several of the best species available for use right now. Our inoculant has been propagated in sterile greenhouse conditions, and it comes in dry granular form for long shelf life. We sell a mixture of the most beneficial species, including

49. Mycorrhizae Abstracts mycorrhizae. 46. Molecular cloning structure. 51. Rapid typing of Tuber borchiimycorrhizae by PCR amplification with specific primers. Antonietta http://www.fgsc.net/asilomar/mycorr.html

Mycorrhizae 46. Molecular cloning and characterization of phosphate transporters from arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. Maria J. Harrison, H. Liu, I.E. Maldonado-Mendoza and M. L. van Buuren. The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, 2510 Sam Noble Pkwy, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are soil borne fungi that form mutualistic associations with the majority of species of land plants. The fungi are obligate symbionts and colonize the cortex of the plant root in order to obtain carbon from their plant hosts. The association is also beneficial for the plant as the fungi assist the plant with the aquisition of phosphate and other mineral nutrients from the soil. Our aim is to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying phosphate transport in the symbiosis. Towards this goal we have isolated cDNA clones encoding phosphate transporters from roots of M. truncatula colonized with the AM fungus Glomus versiforme. cDNA clones from both the fungus and the plant were obtained and both encode proteins that are predicted to contain 12 membrane spanning domains, a secondary structure that is typical of membrane transporters from prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The cDNAs were expressed in yeast where they were able to complement a yeast phosphate transport mutant, therefore indicating that the encoded proteins are functional phosphate transporters. Phosphate transporters have been cloned previously from Neurospora and Saccharomyces.

50. Mycorrhizae And Plant Health TITLE. This book emphasizes the key role mycorrhizae play in sustainablesystems of agricultural and forest production. Includes http://www.shopapspress.org/41582.html

Edited by F.L. Pfleger and R.G. Linderman SCROLL DOWN TO ORDER THIS TITLE. This book emphasizes the key role mycorrhizae play in sustainable systems of agricultural and forest production. Includes a discussion of ectomycorrhizae that occur on several major families of trees being managed for wood products. 1994; 6" x 9" softcover; 360 pages ISBN 0-89054-158-2 Table of Contents Preface; Contributors; Role of Mycorrhizae in Biocontrol; Role of VAM Fungi in Biocontrol; Role of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in Biocontrol; Role of Mycorrhizae in Reclamation; Role of VAM Fungi in Mine Land Revegetation; Role of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Minesite Reclamation; Effects of Cultural Practices and Pesticides on Mycorrhizae The Effects of Cultural Practices and Pesticides on VAM Fungi; Effects of Nursery Cultural Practices on Management of Specific Ectomycorrhizae on Bareroot Tree Seedlings; Mycorrhizae and Atmospheric Pollution; Air Pollution and Ecosystem Health: The Mycorrhizal Connection; Effects of Mycorrhizae on Biogeochemistry and Soil Structure; Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and Biogeochemical Cycling; Effects of Ectomycorrhizae on Biogeochemistry and Soil Structure;

51. Current Advances In Current Advances in mycorrhizae Research presents recent findings in the studyof ectomycorrhizas and arbuscular mycorrhizas, which together colonize the http://www.shopapspress.org/42457.html

Mycorrhizae Research Edited Gopi K. Podila and David D. Douds SCROLL DOWN TO ORDER THIS TITLE. Current Advances in Mycorrhizae Research presents recent findings in the study of ectomycorrhizas and arbuscular mycorrhizas, which together colonize the majority of terrestrial plants. These beneficial fungi help plants by increasing nutrient uptake, enhancing water relations, and improving resistance to pests. The relatively new application of molecular genetic, biochemical, and physiological analyses to these symbiotic fungi is covered in this book, making it a must-have selection for anyone interested in mycorrhizae research and its effects on plant health. This comprehensive volume also covers: signaling recognition processes prior to colonization how the host's defense mechanisms are regulated to allow for fungal growth within the root ultrastructural aspects of the functioning mycorrhiza cellular and whole plant aspects of the flow of carbon from host to fungus significant progress in genetic engineering of ectomycorrhizal fungi to make them more efficient biocontrol organisms 2000; 6" x 9" softcover; 214 pages; 51 illustrations

52. Mycorrhizae Report, Mycorrhizae Report of Transportation project on the possibility of reintroducing naturally occurringsoil fungi, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae, back into disturbed soils as http://www.dot.state.mn.us/environment/research/mycorrhizae_report.html

Back Home Mn/DOT Home FAQ ... Moving Minnesota An Abstract of Research Sponsored by Mn/DOT into the Culture and Reintroduction of Mycorrhizae in Minnesota Prairie Plantings Report No. MN/RC-94/30 Title : Culture and Re-introduction of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in a Prairie Restoration. August, 1994. Authors : Dwayne L. Stenlund, Robert L. Jacobson, and Iris D. Charvat. Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 1445 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108. Sponsoring Organization : Minnesota Department of Transportation, Office of Research Administration, 200 Ford Building Mail Stop 330, 117 University Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55155. All phases of the project were successful. The survey indicated that differences in VA mycorrhizae composition exist between different sites. It is possible to produce VA mycorrhizae in a greenhouse by culturing on live plant hosts. The VA mycorrhizae produced was successfully installed along with seed into field plots and did form mycotrophic associations with newly planted prairie species. Preliminary results obtained from this project indicate that further investigation is warranted. Getting Around Hot Topics About Mn/DOT Careers/Jobs ... New Technologies Minnesota Government links: Northstar Governor's Office Mn/DOT Information Center E-mail: info@dot.state.mn.us

53. Mycorrhizae mycorrhizae. The term mycorrhizae comes or more. Douglasfir seedlingswith and without mycorrhizae inoculation. Inoculation of http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/teach/for442/cnotes/sec8/more3.htm

Mycorrhizae The term "mycorrhizae" comes from the Greek "myco" or fungus and "rhiza" or root and literally means "fungusroot." Mycorrhizae have been described as perhaps the ultimate in reciprocal parasitism (symboisis) wherein the fungus supplies the higher plant partner with mineral nutrients and plant growth hormones and protects the roots against pathogens, and the higher plant supplies the fungus with energy substrates. Almost all higher plants are dependent upon one of the mycorrhizal associations outlined in Table XIX, as only crucifers, chenopods, sedges, and aquatic plants are thought to be non-mycorrhizal. TABLE XIX Kinds of mycorrhizal associations. I. ENDOMYCORRHIZAE A. VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR (VA) B. ERICACEOUS C. ORCHIDACEOUS II. ECTOMYCORRHIZAE III. ECTENDOMYCORRHIZAE TABLE XX Endomycorrhizae I. VESICULAR ARBUSCULAR. HIGHER PLANTSGREAT MAJORITY OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS INCLUDING FERNS, MONOCOTS, DICOTS, FUNGI-ENDOGONACEAE (PHYCOMYCETES). II. ERICACEOUS. HIGHER PLANTS-ERICALES. FUNGIGENERALLY UNKNOWN ALTHOUGH A BASIDIMYCETE HAS BEEN FOUND IN ASSOCIATION WITH AZALEA. III. ORCHIDACEOUS. HIGHER PLANTSORCHIDS. FUNGIAGARICALES AND APHYLLOPHORALES (BASIDIOMYCETES).

54. Mycorrhizae Photos Scanning Electron Micrographs of mycorrhizae. This is what the thefungus. SEM Photo of the Cross Section of a mycorrhizae. In this http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/teach/for442/cnotes/sec3/myco.htm

Mycorrhizal Roots Here is a classic picture of mycorrhizae. These pictures are high resolution and will look fantastic on computers with modern video cards. This is the mycorrhizal fungus Laccaria laccata on ponderosa pine. Note the bifuricate shape of the mycorrhizae. You can see the fungal sheath (white area), hyphae, and hyphal strands (if you have 400x vision!). Thank you Jim Trappe for the slide! Scanning Electron Micrographs of Mycorrhizae This is what the outer fungal sheath of a mycorrhizae actually looks like. As the micrograph shows the hyphae are about 1 micron in width. The bar at the bottom is 10 microns. Note the clamp connections i.e. those raised bulbous looking things! Some of the little dots are (likely) bacteria. Yes, the soil bacteria probably have some interaction with the fungus. SEM Photo of the Cross Section of a Mycorrhizae In this photo you are looking at the cross section of a feeder root in mycorrhizal association with a fungus. In the center of the picture you can see the xylem. The large cells are cortical cells. Moving outwards look closely and you will see that the fungus has pushed itself between the cortical cells (Hartig Net: named for Dr. Hartig). Finally, there is the fungal sheath on the outside. The bar in the picture (lower left) is 10 microns. Another close up!

55. MYCORRHIZAE AND A BOUNDARY mycorrhizae AND A BOUNDARY. Download boundaries. mycorrhizae M are whatwe call ephemeral meaning that they come fast and they go fast. http://www.chesco.com/~treeman/mycorr1.html

MYCORRHIZAE AND A BOUNDARY Diagrams from The Desk of John A. Keslick Jr. Call us for other ORGANIC FACT SHEETS on pruning and other tree care information. John A. Keslick Jr. Plus Certified Chester County Master Composter Email

56. Mycorrhizae And Root Hairs Are Abundant And Active In Winter mycorrhizae and root hairs are abundant and active in winter. Results showed manyactive mycorrhizae and root hairs in soil under cold water covered by ice. http://www.chesco.com/~treeman/SHIGO/WINTER.html

Mycorrhizae and root hairs are abundant and active in winter. Our tree concept must be expanded to include these facts. By Dr. Alex L. Shigo Problem With repeated observation of any part or process of a system, facts emerge that must be included in the concept of that system. Consider the cell theory, germ theory, DNA, antibiotics, and even the branch collar. In all cases, new facts made it necessary to expand our concepts for these systems. Almost all of the studies on trees have been done on seedlings, or on aboveground parts in summer. Few studies have been done on mature trees outside. Deadwood anatomy has been and still is confused with living tree anatomy. An understanding of anatomy must precede any understanding of physiology. Even fewer studies have been done on below ground parts of trees in winter in temperate climates. Solution This article discusses results of observations on belowground parts of trees in winter from 1992 to present, in New Hampshire, United States. Some philosophy is given as a plea for Modem Arboriculture. An expanded concept of a tree is given. Trees are viewed as opportunistic multiple systems. Abiotic and biotic factors are discussed as initiators of processes. Dormancy Trees have five major phenological stages: Start, leaves, growth, storing and rest.

57. FAQ - Fungi And Mycorrhizae FAQ Fungi and mycorrhizae. Fungi can be beneficial also to the growth of plantsby forming mutualistic symbiotic associations with roots called mycorrhizae. http://res2.agr.gc.ca/london/faq/mycor_e.htm

Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre About our Centre Scientific Staff Staff FAQ's ... Tour of the Centre FAQ - Fungi and Mycorrhizae Contact: Dr. James Traquair traquairj@agr.gc.ca What are fungi and how do they differ from bacteria? What is the ecological role of fungi in soil and on plant surfaces? ... Other Related WEB Links Special Topics Microbiology of Composting Rhizosphere Microbiology Nutrient Cycling Non-target Effects of Pesticides Allelochemistry Crop Residue Management Key Words eukaryote, filamentous, yeast, chitinous walls, glucans, conidia, spores, sclerotia saprophyte, parasite, pathogen, biotroph, necrotroph, mildew, root rot, damping off, antibiosis, mutualism, symbiosis, Rhizoctonia solani, Cylindrocarpon destructans, Pythium spp., Thielaviopsis elegans, nutrient cycling crop rotation, selection pressure, amendment, enrichment, anaerobic, tillage, pesticide residue, drainage,host specificity, propagule survival, dispersal Glomus spp.. Gigaspora spp., vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae, endomycorrhizae, ectomycorrhizae, growth promotion, mutualism, nutrient absorption, fertility, phosphorus azygospore, chlamydospore, disease suppression, drought tolerance,carrier, agarose beads, pelletization, peat-based potting medium, obligate symbiont, colonized root fragments rhizosphere, mycorrhizosphere, rhizosphere competence, competitive saprophytic ability, actinomycete, antibiotic, toxic fungal metabolites, Sporothrix spp., Tilletiopsis spp., hyperparasites, antagonists, competition, allelopathy, chelation

58. Arbuscular Mycorrhizae - Benefits To Agriculture Publications. Support to Research. Seminars. Commercialization. Arbuscularmycorrhizae. Y.Dalpé, DSc Fungal resources Study. Table of contents http://res2.agr.gc.ca/ecorc/mycor/index_e.htm

Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre About Us Research Highlights Genetic Enhancement and Food Safety Bioproducts, Bioprocesses and Bioinformatics ... Commercialization Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungal resources Study Table of contents : Description Organisms Morphology Functionning ... Products Date Modified: Important Notices

59. Ericaceous Mycorrhizae Arbutoid mycorrhizae. Arbutoid mycorrhizae have been most thoroughly describedfrom the plant genera Arbutus, Arctostaphylos and Pyrola. Ericoid mycorrhizae. http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/MPP/EricadMyco.html

Last Updated January 17, 2002 Note on titles Background Among vascular plants families, Ericaceae is unique for the number of distinct mycorrhizal types that have evolved within it. It is also an interesting case where the mycorrhizal types of different genera more accurately followed than did floral morphology or other traditional morphological features. Until the last decade, most plant systematists divided the ericad clade into a number of closely related families, such as Ericaceae, Empetraceae, Epacridaceae, Monotropaceae, Pyrolaceae, Rhodendraceae, Vacciniaceae, etc, usually in the order Ericales. The fact that these plants were closely related was not disputed, but the morphological differences among the different genera led to an understandable desire to separate them. For instance, Arbutus is a woody tree with fleshy fruits, Vacciniums (including the familiar cranberries, blueberries and huckleberries) are shrubs with berries, but Ericas have woody capsules, often with reduced leaves, Empetrums have reduced, often wind pollinated flowers

60. Mycorrhizae And Plant Phylogeny Frameset http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/MPP/

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