21. Oil Fate During Oil Spills In The Marine Environment Short discussion of oil behavior and fate during an oil spill, with links to additional information.Category Science Environment oil spills...... NOW! Highly recommended by the OffshoreEnvironment.com! oil spillsin the sea. by Industry. oil spills in the marine environment. Fate http://www.offshore-environment.com/oil.html

Offshore- environment.com Recommend this site to a colleague Environmental Impact of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry by Stanislav Patin - a unique summary of world-wide studies on the environmental issues associated with offshore oil and gas exploration and development Learn more ORDER NOW! Highly recommended by the Offshore-Environment.com! Oil spills in the sea by Stanislav Patin , translation by Elena Cascio based on "Environmental Impact of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry" Below you will find a short discussion of oil fate and behavior during an oil spill in the sea. Click on the links at the end of the page to find more information on Environmental Impact of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry. Oil spills in the marine environment Fate and behavior of oil in the marine environment Complex processes of oil transformation in the marine environment start developing from the first seconds of oil's contact with seawater. The progression, duration, and result of these transformations depend on the properties and composition of the oil itself, parameters of the actual oil spill, and environmental conditions. The main characteristics of oil transformations are their dynamism, especially at the first stages, and the close interaction of physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms of dispersion and degradation of oil components up to their complete disappearance as original substances. Similar to an intoxicated living organism, a marine ecosystem destroys, metabolizes, and deposits the excessive amounts of hydrocarbons, transforming them into more common and safer substances.

22. Redirect To The O'Brien's Group Emergency response team speciailizing in managing oil spills, fires, hazmat releases, natural disasters, and industrial accidents. http://www.erst.com/

The O'Brien's Group Click here if you have not been redirected within 5 seconds

23. Oil Spills worldWorld—Disasters oil spills. 1976 Dec. 15, Buzzards Bay, Mass.Argo Merchant ran aground and broke apart southeast of Nantucket http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0001451.html

Trace your family history with Ancestry.com All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network World Disasters Oil Spills Dec. 15, Buzzards Bay, Mass.: Argo Merchant ran aground and broke apart southeast of Nantucket Island, spilling its entire cargo of 7.7 million gallons of fuel oil. March 16, off Portsall, France: wrecked supertanker Amoco Cadiz June 3, Gulf of Mexico: exploratory oil well Ixtoc 1 blew out, spilling an estimated 140 million gallons of crude oil into the open sea. Although it is the largest known oil spill, it had a low environmental impact. Nov. 1, Gulf of Mexico: estimated 2.6 million gallons of oil were released into the environment when Burmah Agate collided with the freighter Mimosa southeast of Galveston Entrance in the Gulf. Mar. 24, Prince William Sound, Alaska: tanker Exxon Valdez hit an undersea reef and spilled 10 million plus gallons of oil into the waters, causing the worst oil spill in U.S. history.

24. `Nature And Technology Combined In Superior Oil Sorbent Products´ Management of oil spills on land or water with biodegradable oil absorbing products like sorbents, booms, mats and emergency units and other equipment. http://clear-passage.com

Clear Passage Products L.P. 4801 Woodway, Suite 377W, Houston, TX 77056 email: info@clear-passage.com Phone: (713) 621-6486 Fax: (713) 621-6488 click the logo to enter

25. Ocean Planet: Oil Pollution Bottomdwelling fish exposed to compounds released after oil spillsmay develop liver disease and reproductive and growth problems. http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/OCEAN_PLANET/HTML/peril_oil_pollution.html

The text on this site is presented as an archival version of the script of "Ocean Planet," a 1995 Smithsonian Institution traveling exhibition. The content reflects the state of knowledge at the time of the exhibition, and has not been updated. The information on this buoy is divided into the three categories listed below. Sources Accidents Cleanups When it comes to mixing oil and water, oceans suffer from far more than an occasional devastating spill. Disasters make headlines, but hundreds of millions of gallons of oil quietly end up in the seas every year, mostly from non-accidental sources The graph below shows how many millions of gallons of oil each source puts into the oceans worldwide each year Down the Drain: 363 Million Gallons Used engine oil can end up in waterways. An average oil change uses five quarts; one change can contaminate a million gallons of fresh water. Much oil in runoff from land and municipal and industrial wastes ends up in the oceans. 363 million gallons Road runoff adds up Every year oily road runoff from a city of 5 million could contain as much oil as one large tanker spill Routine Maintenance: 137 Million Gallons Every year, bilge cleaning and other ship operations release millions of gallons of oil into navigable waters, in thousands of discharges of just a few gallons each. 137 million gallons

26. Wildlife And Nature In Atlantic Canada Informs us of the Atlantic Cooperative Wildlife Ecology Network, weather, pollution, migratory birds, endangered species, smuggling, wetlands, hunting and response to oil spills. http://www.ns.ec.gc.ca/wildlife/index.html

Contact Us Help Search Canada Site ... Pacific and Yukon Region Select a Topic Children's Environmental Health Climate Community Programs Contact List of Experts Emergencies Enforcement and Compliance Environmental Assessment Environmental Links Funding Programs Hunting Hurricane Centre Legislation We Administer Marketplace: Our Products Media Spokespersons Meet Our Minister Meteorology News Releases Pollution Information Publications Severe Weather Awareness Smog Forecast Wildlife Nature and Wildlife Pollution Meteorology Community Programs ... Storm Summaries Species at Risk Act The Species at Risk Act received Royal Assent December 12th, 2002, bringing to a close a nine-year legislative process to protect Canada's species at risk and their critical habitat. The new legislation will come into force in 2003 Bicknell's Thrush Rich with photos, sounds, video, data and details, this web site should serve as a starting point for anyone wanting to know more about the species The Piping Plover in Eastern Canada Read a new brochure on the Piping Plover in Eastern Canada Birds Oiled at Sea This plan defines the role of the Atlantic Region in response to oil spills involving migratory birds and species at risk.

27. Oil Spills Fact Sheet oil spills A Fact Sheet. What Happens When oil spills When oil spills and mixeswith water it can contaminate drinking water, kill fish and poison wildlife. http://www.awma.org/resources/education/oilspills.htm

Member Services Events Publications Resources Oil Spills - A Fact Sheet REVISION May 1, 2000 Tarred beaches, dead and dying wildlife, damaged fisheries, contaminated water supplies. These are the short-term effects of an oil spill. In the long-term, toxic materials from oil can remain in the water and on the land for many years. They can build up in the food chain to lethal levels, and destroy or disrupt and area's ecosystem. How Oil Spills Occur: Petroleum is used as a vehicle fuel, heating source for homes and industry, for electricity generation, and as a feedstock for the chemical industry. Because of the huge demand for oil, enormous quantities are moved from production areas to where the oil is used. Oil is pumped from the ground, refined, transported and stored. There are many steps in this process during which oil can spill from well heads, drill rigs, tankers, pipelines and storage tanks. Oil may leak from ocean-going ships during accidental and deliberate spills. Spills can happen on land or water when oil is incorrectly handled, there are railway or truck accidents, tankers or barges collide, the insides of tankers are washed, and when natural oil deposits seep. Sometimes when people change the oil in their cars, they dump the used, dirty oil on the ground or down the storm sewer. The rain carries the oil with the metals and particles from the car engine into streams and creeks. If you added up all the oil dumped on the ground in a year, it would equal or surpass a serious oil tanker spill.

28. City Of Victoria - Oil Spills publications urban design what's new zoning property management environmentalbeaches contaminated sites (air, land, sea) oil spills recycling pollution http://www.city.victoria.bc.ca/residents/environmental_oil.shtml

> leisure > bill payments > utilities > public safety ... > accommodations Victoria Services > Branch Pick Up Anti-Graffiti Property Taxes Garbage Schedule Leaf Removal Water Fire Department Community Websites Government Websites City Home Pages > Victoria Conference Centre Tourism Victoria Police Chamber of Commerce leisure facilities performance venues parks division ... Oil Spills This section is currently under development. [back] This website created, maintained and operated by the City of Victoria #1 Centennial Square - Victoria, BC V8W 1P6 Telephone: (250) 385-5711 Facsimile: (250) 361-0214 Privacy Statement webmaster@city.victoria.bc.ca

29. C.J. Liquid Waste Haulage Specializes in clean up of chemical spills, oil spills and liquid or dry waste removal. Certified under the T.D.G. act and licensed by the M.O.E. http://www.liquidwaste-removal.com/

Liquid or dry waste removal and disposal in Ontario 15 years experience - Fully licensed by Ministry of Environment 24 Hour Service 7 Days a week P.O. Box 485 - Aurora, Ontario, Canada - L4G 1H0 Office: - Toll Free: - E-Mail : Info@liquidwaste-removal.com :act liquidwaste-removal :emailz password=:password :act liquidwaste-removal :emailz Thank you! the email address is added to our mailing list. Thank you! the email address is removed from our mailing list. CJ Liquid Waste Haulage Ltd. is your experienced and reliable resource in handling all of your needs for liquid or dry waste disposal in Ontario. Please feel free to review our main menu below for more information concerning our services. Welcome to C.J. Liquid Waste Haulage Ltd...........Where help is only a toll free phone call away............always a live response............ Please add me to your update list To get your FREE Newsletter, place your email address in the space below and press submit: Email: Join Leave If you submit your e-mail address for our newsletter, we only use your e-mail address for sending you our newsletter. We do not sell or share your information with any third party or company.

30. Oil Spills world and newsAlmanac—World and News—Disaster Digest—AccidentArchive oil spills. Accidental oil spills, usually caused when http://www.factmonster.com/cgi-bin/id/A0001451.html

Almanac World and News Disaster Digest Accident Archive Oil Spills Accidental oil spills, usually caused when ships carrying oil are damaged, are harmful to the ocean, the beaches, and the wildlife inhabiting the area. Dec. 15, Buzzards Bay, Mass.: Argo Merchant ran aground and broke apart southeast of Nantucket Island, spilling its entire cargo of 7.7 million gallons of fuel oil. March 16, off Portsall, France: wrecked supertanker Amoco Cadiz June 3, Gulf of Mexico: exploratory oil well Ixtoc 1 blew out, spilling an estimated 140 million gallons of crude oil into the open sea. Although it is the largest known oil spill, it had a low environmental impact. Nov. 1, Gulf of Mexico: estimated 2.6 million gallons of oil were released into the environment when Burmah Agate collided with the freighter Mimosa southeast of Galveston Entrance in the Gulf. Mar. 24, Prince William Sound, Alaska: tanker Exxon Valdez hit an undersea reef and spilled 10 million plus gallons of oil into the waters, causing the worst oil spill in U.S. history. Dec. 19, off Las Palmas, the Canary Islands:

31. EtnaConstructionCo Underground tank removal and hazardous waste clean up from home heating oil spills. Serving New Hampshire and eastern Massachusetts. http://www.geocities.com/oiltankremoval/

Since 1986 Serving Massachusetts and New Hampshire. Home Why Choose Us? Photo's of our Jobs Problem with an underground tank or other environmental issue?  Not sure? Give us a call, All estimates are free and confidential. Home Owners / Realtors Commerical Environmental Links Peter Curro Call: 1 - 800 - 490 - TANK ton1969326@aol.com Our Referrals List. www.oiltankremoval.com My Other Interest.

32. Major Oil Spills In Australia Major oil spills in Australia. Australia ship. A number of significantoil spills have occurred however, and these are listed below. http://www.amsa.gov.au/me/edu/oilspillsum.htm

Marine Environment Protection National Plan Home About AMSA Search and Rescue ... Search Major Oil Spills in Australia Australia has been fortunate not to have experienced a catastrophic oil spill from a ship. A number of significant oil spills have occurred however, and these are listed below. A brief summary on each spill is provided below. Date Vessel Location Oil amount Korean Star Cape Cuvier WA 600 tonnes Al Qurain Portland VIC 184 tonnes Arthur Phillip Cape Otway VIC unknown Sanko Harvest Esperance WA 700 tonnes Kirki WA 17,280 tonnes Era Port Bonython SA 300 tonnes Iron Baron Hebe Reef TAS 325 tonnes Mobil Refinery Port Stanvac SA 230 tonnes Sydney NSW 250 tonnes Brief information on spills Korean Star - Western Australia, May 1988 A major incident in Western Australia occurred when the bulk carrier Korean Star grounded in the vicinity of Cape Cuvier, within the port limits of Carnarvon. The vessel went aground on 20 May 1988 as a result of cyclonic weather conditions, which caused it to drag its anchor. The Korean Star was declared a constructive total loss after it broke in two following the grounding. About 600 tonnes of fuel oil were lost from the vessel.

33. Australian Distributor - Environmentally Friendly Products - Natural Oz Clean - Environmentally safe cleaning products for oil spills. Product information, case studies, and EPA advice. http://www.natozclean.com

isHome=1; isSpillControl=0; secProduct=''; nameProduct=''; hasFactSheet=0; hasDataSheet=0; hasSpecSheet=0; Spill Control Product Bio-Smart Absorbent 15 is a safe environmentally-friendly solution developed to quickly absorb a wide variety of liquids including petroleum, oils, fuels, solvents, cooking oils, sewage, protein fluids. Manufactured from a special selection of organic cellulose products, it has been designed to be: ... Highly absorbent Fully biodegradable Economical Made from natural cellulose material Light weight Easy to use Domestic, commercial and industrial applications Zeolite Plant Study There are a number of new products on the horizon that should be of interest to many growers in Australia. One of them is a natural mineral called Zeolite that can be tilled into the soil to provide truly marvellous results. Full Details Demonstration Video A demonstration video of Bio-Smart Absorbent 15 and Absorbent 30. This video shows just how quickly and easily spills can be cleaned using Bio-Smart's absorbent products. Proudly an Australian Company Natural Oz Clean is a distributor of environmentally-friendly products. We are proudly an all Australian company. Find more details

34. Effects Of Maritime Oil Spills On Wildlife The Effects of Maritime oil spills on Wildlife including NonAvian MarineLife. The to top. Impact of oil spills on Marine Mammals Mammals http://www.amsa.gov.au/me/natplan/toolbox/wildlife/non_avian.htm

Marine Environment Protection The Effects of Maritime Oil Spills on Wildlife Index Oil Composition and Chemistry Sea Birds Marine Mammals Cetaceans ... Search The Effects of Maritime Oil Spills on Wildlife i ncluding Non-Avian Marine Life Oil Composition and Chemistry and the Effects on Wildlife To evaluate the consequences of oil spills on wildlife it is important to understand the properties and chemistry of crude oils and petroleum products. Oil, depending upon its form and chemistry, causes a range of physiological and toxic effects. For example, the low molecular weight aliphatics of oil can have anaesthetic properties and aromatic components such as benzine are known carcinogens and very toxic to humans and wildlife. Some polynuclear aromatics are also carcinogenic and toxic and, are concentrated in the food chain eg. in tissues of water filter feeding shell fish like mussels and oysters.(1) Volatile components of oil can burn eyes, burn skin, irritate or damage sensitive membranes in the nose, eyes and mouth. Hydrocarbons can trigger pneumonia if it enters lungs. Benzine, toluene and other light hydrocarbons of oil and fuels if inhaled, are transferred rapidly to the bloodstream from the lungs and can damage red blood cells, suppress immune systems, strain the liver, spleen and kidneys and even interfere with the reproductive system of animals and humans. In general, refined petroleum products tend to be more toxic to organisms but less persistent in the environment. Crude oils and heavy fuel oils like bunker fuels tend to be less toxic but are more persistent and more likely to have physical impacts on wildlife eg coating feather, fur and skin.

35. Environmental Quality Program Investigates effects of contaminants (pesticides and other toxics, oil spills, etc.) on fish and wildlife and works to mitigate their adverse effects. http://contaminants.fws.gov/

Accessible Acrobat Reader download page. Download Adobe Acrobat Reader to view pdf files. Contact Us at contaminants@fws.gov USFWS Home Page FOIA Processing sediments from wetland USFWS/Pedro Ramirez Jr. LEARN ABOUT SOME OF OUR ISSUES: Migratory Birds Pesticides Endocrine (hormone) Disruptors Water Quality ... Invasive Species Division of Environmental Quality 4401 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 322 Arlington, Virginia 22203 Updated: January 22, 2003 Oil Spill Funds Protect Old Growth Forest Over 100 acres of old growth forest, in the interior of Washington's Makah Indian Reservation will be protected as part of a plan to restore natural resources injured by the 1991 Tenyo Maru oil spill off the northern Washington Coast. New Non-Toxic Shot Approved for Upcoming Waterfowl Season Snakeheads Banned Photo: USGS,Florida Caribbean Science Center

36. Hazards And Risk Virtual Library - By Technological - Oil Spills Business insurance......by Technological oil spills. Complete Record Details Business Insurancefrom Poulton Associates http://life.csu.edu.au/hazards/1OilSpills.html

Charles Sturt University, 1995-8 by Technological - Oil Spills Business Insurance from Poulton Associates Description: Business insurance, risk management services, and personal insurance are all available at Poulton Associates' site. Apply on-line to get a free quote or information. We provide risk management in its fullest sense for our clients, and competetive business insurance policies. Our on-line forms customize themselves to reflect only those things that the applicant needs to apply for. Caribbean Coastal Studies Description: discusses natural hazards on Caribbean Islands: geological: (volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides); meteorological: (hurricanes, floods); oceanographic: (tsunami, coastal erosion, sealevel rise) Center of Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance Description: The Center is a collaboration of resources between the University of Hawaii, Pacific Command (PACOM), and Tripler Army Medical Center dedicated to integrated training, education, and research in the field of disaster management. The Asia-Pacific is our predominate area of responsibility. Our website is a clearinghouse of disaster-related information. Further disasters in the Komi Republic Description: Disasters continue from the ruptured oil and gas pipelines from the Vozey oil fields in the Komi Republic.

37. BBC NEWS | Europe | Comparing The Worst Oil Spills Tuesday, 19 November, 2002, 1309 GMT Comparing the worst oil spills The biggestspill was off Brittany in 1978 Environmentalists are warning that if all http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2491317.stm

NEWS SPORT WEATHER WORLD SERVICE ... A-Z INDEX SEARCH You are in: Europe News Front Page Africa Americas ... Programmes SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobile/PDAs Text Only ... Help LANGUAGES EDITIONS Change to UK Tuesday, 19 November, 2002, 13:09 GMT Comparing the worst oil spills The biggest spill was off Brittany in 1978 Environmentalists are warning that if all 70,000 metric tons of fuel oil escape from the Prestige which broke up off the Spanish coast it could rank as one of the worst environmental disasters. Greenpeace spokesman Dr David Santillo says that making comparisons can be difficult as the impact depends on the type of oil spilled, the weather conditions and the sensitivity of the region. The Exxon Valdez spilled 38,800 tons of crude oil into Prince William Sound in Alaska in 1989 and it took many years for the area to recover. Change of law Dr Santillo, who works for the Greenpeace research laboratory at Exeter University in the UK, explained that a combination of shallow water and a poor flush of water through the Sound magnified the impact of the spill on a particularly sensitive region. Many seabirds have been affected by the Prestige disaster More recently, in 1999, the Erika spilled 13,000 tons of heavy diesel oil off the coast of Brittany - a disaster which led to a change in the laws governing the shipment of oil by tanker.

38. Bubble Baths Are For The Birds No more wrestling soapy seagulls. Scientists find a way to dry clean birds caught in oil spills. Wired News http://www.wired.com/news/news/story/19390.html

39. BBC NEWS | Americas | Oil Spills: What Is The Long-term Damage? Tuesday, 19 November, 2002, 0951 GMT oil spills What is the longtermdamage? oil spills, such as that of Brittany in 1999, can http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1134510.stm

NEWS SPORT WEATHER WORLD SERVICE ... A-Z INDEX SEARCH You are in: Americas News Front Page Africa Americas ... Programmes SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobile/PDAs Text Only ... Help LANGUAGES EDITIONS Change to UK Tuesday, 19 November, 2002, 09:51 GMT Oil spills: What is the long-term damage? Oil spills, such as that of Brittany in 1999, can kill huge numbers of birds and animals BBC News Online's Kate Milner examines oil spills to see how much damage they cause and whether and how well wildlife recovers. The long-term effect of an oil spill is the subject of much debate among scientists. Some argue that animals and birds are harmed many years after the event, but others believe wildlife is more resilient. Oil is not persistent - it's not that toxic Dr Paul Kingston According to some scientists, otters and other animals are still suffering nearly 12 years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska. It was not the world's largest oil spill but is widely regarded as the worst in terms of damage to the environment. The tanker went aground in Prince William Sound in March 1989, spilling an estimated 42 million litres of crude oil - enough to fill 125 Olympic-sized swimming pools.

40. Environment Journals Ranked list of oil spills involving more than 10 million gallons. Excerpted from International Oil Spill Statistics 1997. http://www.cutter.com/osir/biglist.htm

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