41. Ozone Depletion FAQ Part I: Introduction To The Ozone Layer Ozone Depletion FAQ Part I Introduction to the ozone layer. From rparson@spot stratosphere?2.4) How does the ozone layer work? 2.5) What http://isc.faqs.org/faqs/ozone-depletion/intro/

Ozone Depletion FAQ Part I: Introduction to the Ozone Layer From: rparson@spot.colorado.edu (Robert Parson) Newsgroups: sci.environment sci.answers news.answers 67rsft$2ue@peabody.colorado.edu ... rparson@spot.colorado.edu Summary: This is the first of four files dealing with stratospheric ozone depletion. It provides scientific background for the more detailed questions in the other three parts. Keywords: ozone layer cfc stratosphere depletion Archive-name: ozone-depletion/intro Last-modified: 20 Dec 1997 Version: 5.9 - Subject: How to get this FAQ These files are posted to the newsgroups sci.environment sci.answers , and news.answers . They are also archived at a variety of sites. These archives work by automatically downloading the faqs from the newsgroups and reformatting them in site-specific ways. They usually update to the latest version within a few days of its being posted, although in the past there have been some lapses; if the "Last-Modified" date in the FAQ seems old, you may want to see if there is a more recent version in a different archive. Many individuals have archived copies on their own servers, but these are often seriously out of date and in general are not recommended. A. World-Wide Web (Limited) hypertext versions, with embedded links to some of the on-line resources cited in the faqs, can be found at: http://www.faqs.org/faqs/ozone-depletion/

42. Ozone Layer encyclopediaEncyclopedia ozone layer. ozone surface. Ozone in the ozonelayer is formed by the action of solar ultraviolet light on oxygen. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0837214.html

Trace your family history with Ancestry.com All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia ozone layer ozone layer or ozonosphere, region of the stratosphere containing relatively high concentrations of ozone The ozone layer prevents most ultraviolet (UV) and other high-energy radiation from penetrating to the earth's surface but does allow through sufficient ultraviolet rays to support the activation of vitamin D in humans. The full radiation, if unhindered by this filtering effect, would destroy animal tissue. Higher levels of radiation resulting from the depletion of the ozone layer have been linked with increases in skin cancers and cataracts and have been implicated in the decline of certain amphibian species. In 1974 scientists warned that certain industrial chemicals, e.g., chlorofluorocarbons Minimum ozone levels in the Antarctic decreased steadily throughout the 1990s, and less dramatic decreases have been found above other areas of the world. In 1998 the hole reached a record size, extending over 10.5 million sq mi (27.2 million sq km), an area greater than that of North America. In 1987 an international agreement, the

43. Renewingindia.org: Ozone Layer Depletion dedicated to energy and environment in India, Climate Change Convention Protocol,GHG, Agenda 21, kyoto protocol, CDM, early action, ozone layer depletion. http://www.renewingindia.org/cliozone.html

Home About Us Contact Us Members Ozone Layer Depletion For over 50 years, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were thought of as miracle substances. They are stable, nonflammable, low in toxicity, and inexpensive to produce. Over time, CFCs found uses as refrigerants, solvents, foam blowing agents, and in other smaller applications. Other chlorine-containing compounds include methyl chloroform, a solvent, and carbon tetrachloride, an industrial chemical. Halons, extremely effective fire extinguishing agents, and methyl bromide, an effective produce and soil fumigant, contain bromine. All of these compounds have atmospheric lifetimes long enough to allow them to be transported by winds into the stratosphere. Because they release chlorine or bromine when they break down, they damage the protective ozone layer. The discussion of the ozone depletion process below focuses on CFCs, but the basic concepts apply to all of the ozone-depleting substances (ODS). In the early 1970s, researchers began to investigate the effects of various chemicals on the ozone layer, particularly CFCs, which contain chlorine. They also examined the potential impacts of other chlorine sources. Chlorine from swimming pools, industrial plants, sea salt, and volcanoes does not reach the stratosphere. Chlorine compounds from these sources readily combine with water and repeated measurements show that they rain out of the troposphere very quickly. In contrast, CFCs are very stable and do not dissolve in rain. Thus, there are no natural processes that remove the CFCs from the lower atmosphere. Over time, winds drive the CFCs into the stratosphere.

44. JPL - Earth - Air & Ozone Did you know? Around the world, the ozone layer averages about 3 millimeters (1/8inch) thick, approximately the same as two pennies stacked one on the other. http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/earth/air_ozone/air_ozone_index.cfm

Missions/Research Microwave Limb Sounder Atmospheric Chemistry Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Related Links: NASA's Atmospheric Chemistry U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyAir National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin. Did you know? Around the world, the ozone layer averages about 3 millimeters (1/8 inch) thick, approximately the same as two pennies stacked one on the other. What's in the Air? The tiny envelope of gas and aerosol surrounding planet Earth comprises less than 1/1,000,000 of its mass, yet it is essential to life as we know it. The atmosphere contains the oxygen we breathe, an ozone layer that protects us from solar ultraviolet radiation and clouds that redistribute water from oceans to land. The atmosphere also makes the planet warm enough for life by trapping heat from the Sun. This map shows sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere 100 days after the 1991 volcanic eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, industrial and agricultural production, and deforestation, have changed the atmosphere dramatically over the past few hundred years. Carbon dioxide levels have increased by 30 percent, total chlorine by 75 percent and methane by 150 percent. Because of its relatively small mass, the atmosphere is very sensitive to change and can serve as an early-warning signal of long-term climate change. JPL scientists are contributing in many ways to our understanding of how the Earth system works. They are looking for possible connections between rising levels of aerosols, in the form of soot and dust, and certain gases, and changes in climate and ozone levels. JPL projects are also monitoring the effects of regional pollution on ozone and other chemicals in the lower atmosphere.

45. International Symposium On Environmental Issues Is there a relationship between the ozone layer and phytoplankton? What effectswould changes in the ozone layer have on Antarctica's penguin population? http://www.itdc.sbcss.k12.ca.us/curriculum/ozone.html

The International Symposium on Environmental Issues - Sydney, Australia Notes to the Teacher Is there a relationship between the ozone layer and phytoplankton? What effects would changes in the ozone layer have on Antarctica's penguin population? wind chill factor of....what?! Well, let's go! The Task Your task is to investigate the Antarctic ecosystem, to determine if there could be a relationship between the depletion of high altitude ozone and a decline in the penguin population, to propose three actions that would most effectively prevent the depletion of high altitude ozone layer, and to present your findings to the International Symposium on Environmental Issues. Include in your presentation: Information on the ecosystem of Antarctica A chart describing the living and non living ecological features of Antarctica A diagram of a food web for Antarctica and a food chain for the penguin Information on high altitude ozone: what it is and how it is destroyed Information on ultraviolet radiation: what it is and what is its relationship to ozone A graph depicting the level of UV-b radiation levels versus latitude The effects of UV radiation on phytoplankton levels A hypothesis based on your readings stating the relationship between ozone depletion and changes in the penguin population A proposal which advocates three actions that would most effectively prevent the depletion of our protective high altitude ozone layer The Process Discuss and record group expectations.

46. EPD - Ozone Layer Protection ozone layer Protection. Image of ozone layer Protection And You, A Concise Guideto ozone layer Protection Ordinance, Guidance Notes for Licence Application. http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/air/ozone_layer_protection/wn6

Ozone Layer Protection And You A Concise Guide to Ozone Layer Protection Ordinance Guidance Notes for Licence Application Ozone Layer Protection Slide Show ... Guidance Note for Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) Destruction at the Chemical Waste Treatment Centre (CWTC) Last Updated: 2002/11/07

47. EPD - Ozone Layer Protection English Version Traditional Chinese Version Simplified Chinese Version Graphical Version Site Map Search. ozone layer Protection. Information. http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/textonly/english/environmentinhk/air/ozone_layer_prote

English Version Traditional Chinese Version Simplified Chinese Version Graphical Version ... Search Ozone Layer Protection Information Useful Links [Back to top] [Table of Content] Last Updated: 2002/07/31 End of Page [Indoor Air Quality] [Ozone Layer Protection] [Public Consultation] [Study Reports] ... Contact Us

48. Ozone Layer ozone layer depletion Trend Ozone the goals are met Pressure Ozone-depletinggases Imports of CFCs Imports of Halons State UV http://www.grida.no/soeno97/ozone/

Ozone layer depletion: Trend: Ozone -the goals are met Pressure: Ozone-depleting gases Imports of CFCs Imports of Halons State: UV-radiation Response: National Goals Background Information: The ozone-layer A giant sun-shade Global CFC Production UV radiation. Ecological effects UV radiation. Definitions UV-radiation and effects on human health Links Back to SoE Norway frontpage

49. Protection Of The Ozone Layer PROTECTION OF THE ozone layer A Success story of UNEP KM Sarma Executive Secretaryfor the Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol, UNEP, Nairobi. http://www.iisd.ca/linkages/journal/sarma.html

Linkages Home Linkages Journal THIS PAGE WAS UPDATE ON: Volume 3 Number 3 28 July 1998 PROTECTION OF THE OZONE LAYER - A Success story of UNEP K.M. Sarma Executive Secretary for the Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol, UNEP, Nairobi Background The issue of depletion of the ozone layer was one of the first global environmental emergencies faced by UNEP. The stratospheric ozone layer protects the earth from excessive UV-B radiation from the sun. The atmosphere next to earth up to about 10 kilometres is called troposphere and stratosphere is above the troposphere, up to about 50 kilometres. The thin layer of ozone has been formed in the stratosphere by the action of solar radiation on normal oxygen. It is continuously formed and destroyed through natural processes leading to a natural balance. This ozone layer filters out excessive ultra-violet radiation from the sun and protects all life on earth from adverse effects. Its depletion has many adverse effects of increase in skin cancers and eye-cataracts, loss of immunity, lesser productivity of plants, deterioration of plastics etc. UNEP took up the issue of ozone depletion in 1976 and adopted a simple but effective approach. It first concentrated on assessment of the problem by convening a meeting of experts on the ozone layer in 1977. On the recommendation of this meeting, UNEP set up a Coordinating Committee of the Ozone Layer (CCOL) in cooperation with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). CCOL consisted of the leading experts of the world on the ozone layer.

50. CIESIN Ozone Home Page Overview of key concepts related to stratospheric ozone depletion, including the role of chlorofluorocarb Category Science Environment Global Change ozone layer......CIESIN Thematic Guides. OZONE DEPLETION. AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE.Welcome to the CIESIN thematic guide on ozone depletion issues. http://www.ciesin.org/TG/OZ/oz-home.html

CIESIN Thematic Guides OZONE DEPLETION AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE Welcome to the CIESIN thematic guide on ozone depletion issues. The purpose of this guide is to help you find selected key documents that pertain to the issue of ozone depletion: causes, human and environmental effects, and policy responses. The 1985 report of the discovery of an "ozone hole" over Antarctica focused attention on the idea that humans can have a significant impact on the global environment. This discovery, along with evidence that ozone is being lost at nearly all latitudes outside the tropics, has prompted much research into the causes of ozone depletion and the biological effects of increased ultraviolet radiation exposure. The potential effects on humans and the environment have led to international resolutions designed to gradually phase out production of ozone-depleting substances. As a result, the scientific and industrial communities have collaborated to find safe and economical replacements for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), the manmade chemicals implicated in ozone loss. This guide contains an Overview that provides general background on key concepts and issues related to ozone depletion. In addition, four subsections explore selected topics in greater detail:

51. Earth Observatory Glossary ozone layer, The layer of ozone that begins approximately 15 km above Earth andthins to an almost negligible amount at about 50 km, shields the Earth from http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov:81/Library/glossary.php3?xref=ozone layer

52. Climate Change And Ozone Layer Publications [Ministry For The Environment] You are here Publications Climate change and ozone layer publications.Climate change and ozone layer publications. For more background http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/climate/

Home Contact us Related links Site map ... Ministry Site search Publications About the Ministry Air quality Biodiversity Climate change and ozone layer Energy General Hazardous substances Land ... Water You are here: Publications Climate change and ozone layer publications Climate change and ozone layer publications For more background information on Climate Change, including information sheets, technical working papers, economic analysis reports and general publications, visit the New Zealand Government's Climate Change website General publications Technical reports Consultation documents General publications Name Date Reference Halons, ozone layer protection and you August 2002 June 2002 Climate Wise newsletter: issue 2 April 2001 Climate Wise newsletter: issue 1 March 2001 Climate Change: frequently asked questions November 2000 Climate Change: developing solutions November 2000 November 1999 back to top Technical reports Name Date Reference Climate change impacts on New Zealand June 2002 National Communication 2001 January 2002 January 2002 Climate Change: A Consultation Snapshot October 2001 Climate Change Issues: A Study of Public Awareness and Level of Concern March 2001 November 1999 Summary of Submissions on the consultation document Climate Change: Domestic Policy Options Statement October 1999 Technical Design Issues for a Domestic Emissions Trading Regime for Greenhouse Gases August 1998

53. Ozone Layer Protection Act [Ministry For The Environment] You are here Laws and treaties About the ozone layer Protection Act 1996. Aboutthe ozone layer Protection Act 1996. ozone layer Protection Regulations 1996. http://www.mfe.govt.nz/laws/ozone.html

Home Contact us Related links Site map ... Ministry Site search Laws and treaties Biosecurity Act Climate Change Response Act Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act ... HSNO Act Ozone Layer Protection Act Resource Management Act Multilateral Environmental Agreements You are here: Laws and treaties About the Ozone Layer Protection Act 1996 About the Ozone Layer Protection Act 1996 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer are contained in the Ozone Layer Protection Act 1996 and the Ozone Layer Protection Regulations 1996. The Ozone Layer Protection Act lays down the broad controls for ozone-depleting substances. Its provisions include: a prohibition on the import, manufacture, sell or export products controlled by regulation except as allowed under the Regulations (Section 6) provision for exemptions for essential uses, such as the import of CFCs for meter dose inhalers for asthma and related conditions (sections 8 and 9) provision for the Minister for the Environment to require that people handling ozone-depleting substances develop codes of practice and/or know their obligations under the Act and have sufficient knowledge to be able to fulfil them (sections 10 to 13) making it an offence to release controlled substances knowingly during installation, servicing, operating or dismantling equipment (Section 13(f))

54. Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) - Atmospheric Environments Programme - Ozo ozone layer Research Group. Atmospheric Environment Home, ozone layer ProtectionA Swedish Bilateral Programme. ozone layer PROTECTION PROGRAMME. http://www.sei.se/atmosphere/ODS/

SEI Home Ozone Layer Research Group Atmospheric Environment Home Ozone Layer Protection A Swedish Bilateral Programme SEI-S's Ozone Layer Research Group forms part of SEI's Atmospheric Environment Programme RESEARCH GROUPS Ozone Layer Protection Atmospheric Pollution Strategies SEARCH RESEARCH GROUPS - Ozone Layer Research - Atmospheric Pollution Strategies PROJECT HOMEPAGES - POPs - RAPIDC On the SEI Website: About SEI Milestones Board Factsheets SEI Centres - Boston - Stockholm - Tallinn - York Staff PROGRAMMES Atmospheric Environment Sus. Development Studies Water Resources Publications - List - Search - Downloads Sitemap Contact OZONE LAYER PROTECTION PROGRAMME Sweden, through its bilateral Ozone Layer Protection Programme, assists developing countries and CEITs (countries with economies in transition) in meeting the Montreal Protocol obligations for the phase-out of Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS). Extensive global cooperation is essential to deal with the global threat to health and environment from Ozone Depletion. Sweden began phasing out ODS in the 1980s and has successfully phased out ODS (including HCFCs) without problems with illegal import or disruptions to functions in business and society and without phasing in other hazardous chemicals. Cooperation between the authorities in charge and industry has proven to be a key factor for achieving successful phase-out.

55. ThinkGeek :: DotCom - The Ozone Layer Or Cheese In A Spray Can. Dont Make Me Cho , The ozone layer or cheese in a spray can. Dont make me choose....... DotCom The ozone layer or cheese in a spray can. Dont make me choose. Main http://www.thinkgeek.com/cubegoodies/stickers/5919/

@import url(/css/base-import.css); @import url(/css/cube-goodies-import.css); Account Wishlists Home About Us ... Site Index Navigate by Interest: Gifts Under $20 Gifts Under $50 Gifts Under $100 Our Favorites Binary Coder Goodies For Your Home LAN Party Megatokyo Store Micro Goodies Monkeys O'Reilly Store Outdoor Geek OSDN Stuff Tolkien Products Get the ThinkGeek Newsletter Sign Up Now! You are not logged in. [ Log in Loot : Your cart is empty. Cube Goodies DotCom - The ozone layer or cheese in a spray can. Dont make me choose. Main Description Price: Availability: info In Stock Quantity: Buy this and earn Geek Points! what's this? Be the first to send us an action shot of this item! The ozone layer or cheese in a spray can. Dont make me choose. Tell us your favorite OS. Take our 46.4-second survey "Never offend people with style when you can offend them with substance." Sam Brown See what some of our customers are saying About ThinkGeek Privacy Statement Contact Us ThinkGeek, Inc. is an OSDN OSDN

56. Ozone Depletion FAQ Part I: Introduction To The Ozone Layer archivist. Subject Ozone Depletion FAQ Part I Introduction to the OzoneLayer. This stratosphere? 2.4) How does the ozone layer work? 2.5 http://www.cs.uu.nl/wais/html/na-dir/ozone-depletion/intro.html

Note from archivist@cs.uu.nl : This page is part of a big collection of Usenet postings, archived here for your convenience. For matters concerning the content of this page , please contact its author(s); use the source , if all else fails. For matters concerning the archive as a whole, please refer to the archive description or contact the archivist. Subject: Ozone Depletion FAQ Part I: Introduction to the Ozone Layer This article was archived around: 24 Dec 1997 20:49:01 GMT All FAQs in Directory: ozone-depletion All FAQs posted in: sci.environment Source: Usenet Version Archive-name: ozone-depletion/intro Last-modified: 20 Dec 1997 Version: 5.9 - Subject: How to get this FAQ These files are posted to the newsgroups sci.environment, sci.answers, and news.answers. They are also archived at a variety of sites. These archives work by automatically downloading the faqs from the newsgroups and reformatting them in site-specific ways. They usually update to the latest version within a few days of its being posted, although in the past there have been some lapses; if the "Last-Modified" date in the FAQ seems old, you may want to see if there is a more recent version in a different archive. Many individuals have archived copies on their own servers, but these are often seriously out of date and in general are not recommended. A. World-Wide Web (Limited) hypertext versions, with embedded links to some of the on-line resources cited in the faqs, can be found at: http://www.faqs.org/faqs/ozone-depletion/

57. Protocol On Substances That Deplete The Ozone Layer (Montreal, 16 September 1987 Summary of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the ozone layer is available from the UNEP Register of International Treaties and Other http://sedac.ciesin.org/pidb/texts/montreal.protocol.ozone.1987.html

This data access service is provided by the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), which operates the Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) for the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Environmental Treaties and Resource Indicators (ENTRI) Full Text Summary of the "Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer" is available from the UNEP Register of International Treaties and Other Agreements in the Field of the Environment See the ENTRI query system for information about the status of this treaty. See the ENTRI thematic guide for more information about the relationships between environmental treaties, national resource indicators, and remotely sensed data. ENTRI data providers make every effort to ensure the accuracy, reliability, and completeness of the texts and other information included in this collection; however, neither CIESIN nor the ENTRI data providers verify or guarantee the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of the contents of ENTRI. If you encounter an error, please notify us by e-mail to entri@ciesin.org.

58. VIENNA CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE OZONE LAYER (1985) Summary of the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the ozone layer is availablefrom the UNEP Register of International Treaties and Other Agreements in http://sedac.ciesin.org/entri/texts/vienna.ozone.layer.protection.1985.html

This data access service is provided by the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), which operates the Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) for the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Environmental Treaties and Resource Indicators (ENTRI) Full Text Summary of the "Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer" is available from the UNEP Register of International Treaties and Other Agreements in the Field of the Environment See the ENTRI query system for information about the status of this treaty. See the ENTRI thematic guide for more information about the relationships between environmental treaties, national resource indicators, and remotely sensed data. ENTRI data providers make every effort to ensure the accuracy, reliability, and completeness of the texts and other information included in this collection; however, neither CIESIN nor the ENTRI data providers verify or guarantee the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of the contents of ENTRI. If you encounter an error, please notify us by e-mail to entri@ciesin.org.

59. Signs Of Sustainability - Ozone Layer Depletion ozone layer DEPLETION. The earth’s atmosphere is made up of numerousgases. The honoured. Indicators that describe ozone layer depletion http://www.vyh.fi/eng/environ/sustdev/indicat/otsoni.htm

List of indicators Introduction: From Rio to Indicators Climate change Ozone layer depletion ... Development co-operation OZONE LAYER DEPLETION The earth’s atmosphere is made up of numerous gases. The central and lower parts of the atmosphere - the stratosphere and troposphere – contain small amounts of ozone, most of it between 15-25 km above the earth’s surface. For every ten million oxygen molecules the atmosphere holds only three ozone molecules: if all the ozone were to settle on the earth’s surface, the resulting layer would be only 2-5 mm thick. The ozone layer is important to the earth’s living creatures because it filters out excessive levels of the sun’s UV-B radiation, which is harmful to life. Measurements show an increase in UV radiation near the earth’s surface as the ozone layer has thinned. This increases the incidence of skin cancers and the risk of eye ailments, weakens the immune system of humans and other animals, and slows plant growth on both land and sea. International agreements and national legislation limit the production and use of CFC compounds, halons, and other substances known to deplete the ozone layer. However, these substances persist in the atmosphere for years, and are still being released from such sources as old refrigerators and insulating boards, so that the ozone layer will continue to weaken. A turning point can be expected in the next twenty years if international agreements are honoured. Indicators that describe ozone layer depletion: Importation of ozone layer-depleting substances Stratospheric ozone above Finland Finnish environment Signs of Sustainability ... Feedback Updated 1 September 2000

60. 7(e) The Ozone Layer Climatology. (e) The ozone layer, The ozone layer is a region of concentrationof the ozone (O3) molecule in the Earth's atmosphere. http://www.geog.ouc.bc.ca/physgeog/contents/7e.html

Introduction to Meteorology and Climatology (e) The Ozone Layer The ozone layer is a region of concentration of the ozone (O ) molecule in the Earth's atmosphere. The layer sits at an altitude of about 10 to 50 kilometers, with a maximum concentration in the stratosphere at an altitude of approximately 25 kilometers. In recent years, scientists have measured a seasonal thinning of the ozone layer primarily at the South Pole. This phenomenon is being called the ozone hole The ozone layer naturally shields Earth's life from the harmful effects of the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation . A severe decrease in the concentration of ozone in the ozone layer could lead to the following harmful effects: An increase in the incidence of skin cancer (ultraviolet radiation can destroy acids in DNA A large increase in cataracts and sun burning. Suppression of immune systems in organisms.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 3     41-60 of 108    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | Next 20