61. Eco-Portal: Climate/Information/Ozone Layer investigated and employed to make it possible to virtually eliminate use of the chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs) and halons that harm the ozone layer (Added Wed Jan http://www.eco-portal.com/Climate/Information/Ozone_Layer/welcome.asp

Home Climate Information : Ozone Layer More search options only this Climate category entire Climate section entire Eco-Portal site Links: Beyond Discovery, The Ozone Depletion Phenomenon - the National Academies of Science presents an overview of the ozone depletion issue (Added: Wed Jan 03 2001 Hits: 876 Rating: 9.00 Votes: 2) Rate It Bibliography: Environmental Change and its Impact on Species/Ecosystems - contains peer-reviewed and gray literature on environmental change - primarily climate change and ozone depletion - and its impacts on flora and fauna species and critical supporting ecosystems (Added: Wed Jul 04 2001 Hits: 655 Rating: 5.50 Votes: 2) Rate It Environmental effects of ozone depletionUNEP - a report from the United Nations Environment Programme Assessment Panel on the Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion that covers the various implications of ozone loss (Added: Wed Jan 03 2001 Hits: 408 Rating: 10.00 Votes: 1) Rate It British Antarctic Survey Ozone - gives information about the ozone hole at Halley, Rothera and Vernadsky/Faraday stations (Added: Wed Jan 03 2001 Hits: 185 Rating: 0.00 Votes: 0)

62. Regulations - Environment - Ozone Layer Protection ozone layer Protection Regulations. Citation. 1 These regulations may be cited asthe ozone layer Protection Regulations . Definitions. 2 In these regulations. http://www.gov.ns.ca/just/regulations/regs/env5495.htm

Consolidations of Nova Scotia regulations are prepared by the Registry of Regulations for reference only and have no official sanction. For all purposes of interpreting and applying the law, users should consult the original documents filed with the Registry of Regulations , or refer to the Royal Gazette Part II Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this electronic version, the Registry of Regulations assumes no responsibility for any discrepancies that may have resulted from reformatting. This electronic version is for your personal use and may not be copied for the purposes of resale in this or any other form. Ozone Layer Protection Regulations made under Section 112 of the Environment Act S.N.S. 1994-95, c. 1 Order in Council 95-293 (April 11, 1995), N.S. Reg. 54/95 Citation These regulations may be cited as the "Ozone Layer Protection Regulations". Definitions In these regulations (a) "Act" means the Environment Act; (b) "Administrator" means a person appointed pursuant to Section 3 of these regulations, and includes an acting Administrator; (c) "approved environmental awareness course" means an environmental awareness course approved by the Minister respecting ozone-depleting substance control in the refrigeration and air conditioning industry;

63. Nanotechweb.org - News - Nanotechnology Could Save The Ozone Layer (January 2003 Nanotechnology could save the ozone layer 30 January 2003. Whilst experimentingwith nanospheres and perfluorodecalin, a liquid used http://nanotechweb.org/articles/news/2/1/16/1

advanced site search news Browse the archive January February March April May June July August September October November December quick search Search news archive Send us your news news more articles Nanotechnology could save the ozone layer 30 January 2003 Whilst experimenting with nanospheres and perfluorodecalin, a liquid used in the production of synthetic blood, researchers at Germany's University of Ulm have stumbled across a phenomenon that could ultimately help remove ozone-harming chemicals from the atmosphere. The perfluorodecalin, against all expectations, was taken up by a water-based suspension of 60 nm diameter polystyrene particles. Nanosphere structures The scientists believe that this occurred because nanoscopic perfluorodecalin droplets became encapsulated by self-assembled polystyrene nanospheres. Perfluorodecalin has very similar properties to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), the inert liquids that are known to destroy the Earth's protective ozone layer. And the Ulm team reckons that aerosol particle-carrying water droplets or ice crystals in clouds may be able to collect up chlorofluorocarbons in the same way, eventually returning them harmlessly to Earth as rain, hail or snow. "I realized that I had developed a useful model system for the simulation of microphysical processes in the stratosphere," Andrei Sommer of the University of Ulm told

64. Eco-Portal: Air/Ozone Layer EcoPortal - The Environmental Sustainability.Info Source. Home Air OzoneLayer. the entire directory only this category More search options. Links http://www.environmentalsustainability.info/Air/Ozone_Layer/

Eco-Portal - The Environmental Sustainability.Info Source Home Air : Ozone Layer the entire directory only this category More search options Links: Beyond Discovery, The Ozone Depletion Phenomenon - the National Academies of Science presents an overview of the ozone depletion issue (Added: Wed Jan 03 2001 Hits: 876 Rating: 9.00 Votes: 2) Rate It Bibliography: Environmental Change and its Impact on Species/Ecosystems - contains peer-reviewed and gray literature on environmental change - primarily climate change and ozone depletion - and its impacts on flora and fauna species and critical supporting ecosystems (Added: Wed Jul 04 2001 Hits: 655 Rating: 5.50 Votes: 2) Rate It Environmental effects of ozone depletionUNEP - a report from the United Nations Environment Programme Assessment Panel on the Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion that covers the various implications of ozone loss (Added: Wed Jan 03 2001 Hits: 408 Rating: 10.00 Votes: 1) Rate It Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study (Added: Sun Mar 17 2002 Hits: 160 Rating: 1.00 Votes: 2) Rate It British Antarctic Survey Ozone - gives information about the ozone hole at Halley, Rothera and Vernadsky/Faraday stations

65. The Ozone Layer And Climate Change The ozone layer and Climate Change. Select The ozone layer protectsall life on Earth from the harmful effects of the Sun's rays. It http://www.globalissues.org/EnvIssues/GlobalWarming/Ozone.asp

Global Warming Email Page to a Friend Printer-Friendly Version Global Issues Home Page What's New Trade-Related Issues Causes of Poverty ... Kyoto Conference Ozone Layer El Niño More Information Animal and Nature Conservation Other Things of Interest ... About this Web Site Comments or suggestions: Send Email Free Updates Email Style: HTML (Colors etc) Text (incl. AOL) Find Out More Search this site Advanced Options The Ozone Layer and Climate Change by Anup Shah - Select a page to view Global Warming · Introduction · Climate Change Negotiations and Actions · Flexibility Mechanisms · Carbon Sinks, Forests and Climate Change · Climate Justice and Equity · Delhi Conference · Marrakesh Conference · The Hague Conference · Buenos Aires Conference · Kyoto Conference · The Childish Pranks of El Niño · Links for more Information Scientists believe that Global Warming will lead to a weaker Ozone layer, because as the surface temperature rises, the stratosphere (the Ozone layer being found in the upper part) will get colder, making the natural repairing of the Ozone slower. NASA, for example

66. Tgp - Online Tutorial - What Is The Ozone Layer? Online Tutorial Environment What is the ozone layer? Ozone is a form of theoxygen we breathe and need to stay alive. What does the ozone layer do? http://www.kesgrave.suffolk.sch.uk/Curric/geog/ozonelayer.html

Current Portal Page - g.r menu - Online Tutorials - Environment Online Tutorial - Environment What is the ozone layer? For more information on the ozone layer, click a link below: Ozone Depletion Links Page What does the ozone layer do? The process of forming and destroying ozone absorbs almost all the ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Ultraviolet radiation does not all have the same wavelength. UV-C is the shortwave radiation that is lethal to living things and is easily absorbed by the ozone layer. Longer wavelength UV-A is relatively harmless, in the middle is UV-B which is less dangerous than UV-C. It is this part of the ultraviolet spectrum which gets through when the ozone layer is damaged. Ultraviolet radiation (if let onto the earth) would cause an increase in eye cataracts and skin cancer, a reduction in the productivity of ecological systems, including agriculture, and damage to DNA which carries the information about the characteristics of a species from one generation to the other. When DNA is damaged, the genes in an individual can mutate in unexpected, distressing or even deadly ways. Ultraviolet radiation also causes plastics, paints and many other materials to decay more quickly. The ozone layer is important in determining the climatic and weather patterns of the world: by absorbing UV radiation, ozone warms the stratosphere which becomes warmer than the top of the troposphere. The stratosphere acts as a lid to rising air currents in the troposphere which are the origin of the earth's weather systems.

67. UNDP Montreal Protocol > The Ozone Problem Image courtesy Natasha Higgins. The ozone layer Problem The Ozone Problem. Figurecourtesy The Changing ozone layer , WMO / UNEP, 1995. http://www.undp.org/seed/eap/montreal/ozone.htm

Antarctic peninsula - January 2002. Image courtesy Natasha Higgins. The Ozone Layer Problem The Ozone Problem The discovery of a large hole in the ozone layer spurred countries to sign the Montreal Protocol , an international agreement to eliminate the use of damaging man-made chemicals. Beginning in the 1970s, scientists began to see evidence that certain man-made chemicals released into the environment were rising into the stratosphere and damaging the ozone layer that shields the earth against harmful ultraviolet radiation. The stratosphere is the region of the atmosphere lying above the troposphere, and between 10 and 50 kilometres above the surface. Commercial airliners generally fly in the lower stratosphere. Ozone, a gas composed of three atoms of oxygen, absorbs ultraviolet radiation, particularly UVB, which is harmful to living organisms. The vast majority (90%) of ozone exists in the upper stratosphere and acts to shield the surface of the Earth. While initially decreasing with altitude the air temperature rises again through the stratosphere due to the absorbtion of UVB by ozone. About 90% of the atmospheric ozone is located in the stratosphere, where it reaches its highest concentration between about 19 and 23 kilometres above the surface of the Earth (left hand curve). The air temperature, after a rapid decrease with height in the troposphere, increases in the stratosphere because ozone absorbs radiation (right hand curve). Figure courtesy "The Changing Ozone Layer"

68. Ozone Layer In the last 1015 years, 3-7 percent of the ozone layer has been destroyed. Thesenitrogen oxides are further destroying the ozone layer. http://www.ecology.co.yu/ecology/eozon.htm

Save the Danube Yugoslav nature Danube Nato Ecocide Links ... acid rains ozone layer the "greenhouse" effect radio-activity defoliation O zone is a thin layer that forms in the stratosphere, and acts as a shield against dangerous UV-radiation. This shield protects all living organisms on planet Earth. In the last 10-15 years, 3-7 percent of the ozone layer has been destroyed. UV radiation causes skin cancer, reduces crop yield in agriculture, changes temperatures on Earth, and destroys plankton in the oceans, the building block in the ocean's food chain, etc. N oting the danger of an eroding ozone layer, the Vienna convention was signed in 1985, and in 1987, representatives from 31 of the most developed countries signed the Montreal Protocol on protection of the ozone layer. S upersonic airplanes produce nitrogen oxides, mostly nitrogen monoxide. Every day, an enormous amount of nitrogen oxide is released into the troposphere from destroyed refineries, oil and gasoline tanks. These nitrogen oxides are further destroying the ozone layer. This situation affects every country where NATO's planes fly, and not only Yugoslavia. E specially threatened were the Arctic, northern Europe and Canada because of the low temperatures caused by chemical reactions and the release of florinil which disrupts the ozone layer. The large number of flights in the relatively small area over the Balkan will threaten the ozone layer over the peninsula and neighboring countries.

69. Ozone Layer Awareness Postcards, Ecards And Greeting Cards @ 1001 Postcards ozone layer Awareness virtual digital egreetings, ecards and greeting cardsfrom 1001 Postcards. And they're free! Preserve Our ozone layer!*. http://www2.postcards.org/go/c/0056/

HOME PICKUP NEW NEWSLETTER ... RANDOM pick a department: Everyday Cards Anytime Daily Stuff Days of the Week Fun Stuff Silliness Occasions/Messages Celebrations Calendar Holidays Sentiments Words of Scripture Words of Wisdom Entertainment Art Artists Cartoons/Comics Interactive Fun Master Artists Movies Musical Artists Poetry Awareness Everyday Life Family Members Health Hobbies Occupations People School Animals Food Landmarks Material Things Nature Vehicles World Geography you are here: Ozone Layer Awareness you might also like: Earth Conservation Recycling World Rainforest Week also in this department: Awareness Adoption AIDS American Red Cross ... Spay Your Pets new Special Education Special Recreation Stop The Hunger! Stop the Violence ... Awareness Ozone Layer Awareness preview music available with this card Get this design on shirts, hats and more at Greetables.com Click the button below to personalize and send this postcard! Preserve Our Ozone Layer! postcard courtesy of Jeff Victor * you can change the title of this card when you send it Get your FREE credit report!

70. FEATURE: UNIDO Helps Restore The Ozone Layer UNIDO View Document 4157 (English) FEATURE UNIDO Helps Restore Theozone layer. Vienna, Austria, 10 January 2000. A healthy ozone http://www.unido.org/en/doc/4157

Working With Us Media Corner What We Do About UNIDO ... UNIDO : View Document 4157 (English) FEATURE: UNIDO Helps Restore The Ozone Layer Vienna, Austria, 10 January 2000 A healthy ozone layer blocks a large part of the sun's ultraviolet radiation, which in big enough doses can cause skin cancer and harm plant life crucial to the food chain. When scientists confirmed a thinning of the ozone layer in the 1980s, it was the first demonstration that humans were capable of destroying an essential component of environment. The response was the Montreal Protocol, adopted in Montreal, Canada in 1987, a comprehensive schedule to phase-out the production, use, export and import of ozone depleting (ODSs) chemicals. The Montreal Protocol has identified the main ODSs, set specific limits on their future consumption level and hastened the development of alternatives, which, in turn, requires new equipment, skills, standards and regulations. As of December 1999, 172 countries have ratified the Protocol. UNIDO is one of four implementing agencies of the Montreal Protocol, as well as the UN Development Programme, UN Environment Programme and the World Bank. Photo: UNIDO's exhibition on Montreal Protocol projects "Since 1993, UNIDO has implemented some 557 projects in 59 countries under the Montreal Protocol UNIDO News Events Publications Databases ... Home

71. Wind Flows Tear At Ozone Layer | Csmonitor.com Wind flows tear at ozone layer By Robert C. Cowen Special to The Christian ScienceMonitor Climate change is giving scientists a new perspective on Northern http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0808/p13s02-sten.html

WORLD USA COMMENTARY LEARNING ... MonitorTalk Search: Environment Internet Also see: Monitorblog A daily Weblog about technology, the Web, wireless, etc. Sci/Tech columnists: Jim Regan Site Reviews Michelle Thaller Science Tidbits Monitorblog A weblog about technology and its impact on our lives. Liblog Our staff librarians' weblog about informative and interesting web sites In this week's Sci/Tech section: 'Smart bombs' move to center stage in US arsenal Grass looks greener, but welcome cools US finds new love of fusion Students glimpse the future. And it's tiny. ... History speaks as US preps for peacekeeping Experts contend that the history of US peacekeeping efforts should be instructive. Most-viewed stories: (for 03/20/03) Keep One Eye on the Saudis War within the war: shaping perceptions Iraq may favor a city war, Stalingrad-style Airline industry nosedives as oil prices soar, war looms ... Environment from the August 08, 2002 edition Wind flows tear at ozone layer By Robert C. Cowen Climate change is giving scientists a new perspective on Northern Hemisphere ozone depletion. Ozone chemist Neil Harris says "it's now clear" that shifts in large-scale wind flows dilute the stratosphere's ozone and open mini ozone holes at northern mid-latitudes even when ozone-eating chemicals are not directly involved. He adds that this implies that we won't return to the pre-ozone-loss atmosphere even when the chemical culprits are gone. International efforts to curb the use of such ozone-eaters as chlorine-containing refrigerants and bromine-containing fire suppressants are beginning to pay off. Their concentration in the atmosphere should gradually decline. But, as Dr. Harris explains, this won't eliminate concern about increased exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation for heavily populated parts of the Northern Hemisphere.

72. Tracking The Ozone Layer. Currents 3:1 Tracking the ozone layer. What is the ozone layer and How Does It Affect You? Mostreferences to the ozone layer mean the ozone found in the stratosphere. http://www.arn.org/currpage/31main.htm

Tracking the Ozone Layer What is the Ozone Layer and How Does It Affect You? By Forrest M. Mims III Sprinkled throughout the atmosphere are pale blue molecules of a toxic gas that are essential to most life on Earth. This gas is ozone. Ozone is toxic because it is highly reactive. This is why it can sterilize drinking water, eliminate odors, bleach colors, and decompose rubber. Fortunately, the amount of ozone at ground level is usually too low for these effects to be observed. However, high concentrations of various air pollutants and sunlight can increase ozone levels near the ground from a few tens of molecules per billion molecules of air (ppb) to a few hundred ppb. These levels of ozone can damage plants, cause eye irritation, inflame mucous membranes and impair the performance of athletes. Ozone is essential to life because it shields the Earth from the damaging, even lethal, ultraviolet radiation emitted by the sun. This filtering ability is particularly remarkable when you consider the relative scarcity of ozone molecules. For every billion molecules in the atmosphere, only around 300 are ozone. Imagine you could poke a tube through the entire atmosphere over your head and bring all the ozone molecules in the tube down to the surface. If they were then subjected to the same temperature and atmospheric pressure (standard temperature and pressure or STP) as you are, they would form a layer only about 3-millimeters thick.

73. Thickness Of The Ozone Layer At Uccle Ozone. Thickness of the ozone layer at Uccle. Mean annual variationof the thickness of the ozone layer (expressed in Dobson Units http://www.meteo.be/english/pages/OzonEN.html

Ozone Thickness of the ozone layer at Uccle Mean annual variation of the thickness of the ozone layer (expressed in Dobson Units) at Uccle and the variation of the daily means of the last year. The black line indicates the mean annual variation as determined from the time series from 1971 until now. The grey area represents the zone containing 95% of all the daily mean values. The thickness of the ozone layer (also called ozone column) is expressed in Dobson units (1 DU = 2.686 x 10 molecules of ozone per m²). More information can be found here : ozone research group

74. Ozone Layer Could Heal By 2050 - 12/4/1999 - ENN News - Environmental News Netwo If the amount of ozoneeating chemicals is reduced, the ozone layer will begin torepair itself but the first clear signs of repair may not be visible until http://www.enn.com/enn-news-archive/1999/12/120499/csiroozone_7907.asp

Site Index: Home News ENN Earthnews Affiliates News In-Depth Topics Interact Online Quizzes Postcards Marketplace Advanced Search Advertise Join ENN e-mail Subscription Take our Survey Affiliate Tech Center Post Press Release Help About ENN Site Map Ozone layer could heal by 2050 Saturday, December 4, 1999 By Robinson Shaw A NASA Goddard Space Flight Center satellite measured 165 Dobson units (purple) over the North Sea between Scotland and Norway on November 30, 1999. The global average ozone layer thickness is 300 Dobson units. If the amount of ozone-eating chemicals is reduced, the ozone layer will begin to repair itself but the first clear signs of repair may not be visible until 2050, according to Australian scientists. More than half a century may pass before the hole in the ozone layer is repaired and the first clear signs of repair may not be apparent for 20 more years, said Dr. Paul Fraser of CSIRO. The ozone layer shields the Earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays and is part of the Earth's stratosphere, nine to 20 miles above our planet's surface. Chlorine and bromine atoms released from chlorofluorocarbons and halons, cause the depletion of the ozone. CFCs are industrial chemicals used in the past as refrigerants, solvents, pressure packs and foaming agents. Halons were used in fire extinguishers. Even though the Montreal Protocol, a pact designed to protect the ozone layer, is working well to reduce the use and release of ozone-depleting substances, the life of chemicals already released in the atmosphere will keep the depletion going for years to come, according to a United Nations report.

75. Miami Museum Of Science-Ecolinks-Ozone Layer Map ozone layer. The Earth is constantly bombarded by radiation from the Sun. Scientistsmeasure the ozone layer to see if it is getting thinner. http://www.miamisci.org/ecolinks/mapatmosphere.html

Ozone Layer The Earth is constantly bombarded by radiation from the Sun. The atmosphere protects the surface of the Earth from this radiation. It is possible that air pollution is causing part of the atmosphere to get thinner. Scientists measure the ozone layer to see if it is getting thinner. With a thinner ozone layer, more ultraviolet radiation can pass through the atmosphere. This might cause more skin cancer, mutations, and global warming. This map shows how much thinner the ozone layer was over Antarctica in 1995 than in previous years. The blue and purple parts of this map show the parts of the ozone layer which are getting thinner the fastest. Thought Questions Using an atlas, find Antarctica. How far away is it from where you live? What is the weather like there? The grey part of this map shows the area where no information was collected. What do you think that part of the map would look like if data had been collected? What causes the ozone layer to get thinner? Conduct an online search to find out. Suggested keywords: ozone, atmosphere, aerosol, CFC, Pinatubo Additional Resources NASA Ozone Images Environmental Problems in Australia: Ozone Layer Degradation A-Z Index Add an Idea ... Science Learning Network

76. Frequently Asked Questions About Ozone Is the Depletion of the ozone layer Leading to an Increase in GroundLevel UltravioletRadiation? Is the ozone layer expected to recover? If so, when? http://www.al.noaa.gov/WWWHD/pubdocs/Assessment98/faq8.html

Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1998 Frequently Asked Questions about Ozone World Meteorological Organization Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project - Report No. 44 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Aeronautics and Space Administration World Meterological Organization European Commission United Nations Environment Programme Frequently Asked Questions about Ozone Is the Depletion of the Ozone Layer Leading to an Increase in Ground-Level Ultraviolet Radiation? The depletion of the ozone layer leads, on the average, to an increase in ground-level ultraviolet radiation, because ozone is an effective absorber of ultraviolet radiation. The Sun emits radiation over a wide range of energies, with about 2% in the form of high-energy, ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Some of this UV radiation (UV-B) is especially effective in causing damage to living beings, for example, sunburn, skin cancer, and eye damage to humans. The amount of solar UV radiation received at any particular location on the Earth's surface depends upon the position of the Sun above the horizon, the amount of ozone in the atmosphere, and local cloudiness and pollution. Scientists agree that, in the absence of changes in clouds or pollution, decreases in atmospheric ozone lead to increases in ground-level UV radiation. The largest decreases in ozone during the past 15 years have been observed over Antarctica, especially during each September and October when the ozone hole forms. During the last several years, simultaneous measurements of UV radiation and total ozone have been made at several Antarctic stations. In the late spring, the biologically damaging ultraviolet radiation in parts of the Antarctic continent can exceed that in San Diego, California, where the Sun is much higher above the horizon.

77. Frequently Asked Questions About Ozone Is the ozone layer Expected to Recover? As a result, the ozone layer is unlikelyto be identical to the ozone layer that existed prior to the 1980s. http://www.al.noaa.gov/WWWHD/pubdocs/Assessment98/faq11.html

Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1998 Frequently Asked Questions about Ozone World Meteorological Organization Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project - Report No. 44 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Aeronautics and Space Administration World Meterological Organization European Commission United Nations Environment Programme Frequently Asked Questions about Ozone Is the Ozone Layer Expected to Recover? If So, When? The ozone depletion caused by human-produced chlorine and bromine compounds is expected to gradually disappear by about the middle of the 21st century as these compounds are slowly removed from the stratosphere by natural processes. This environmental achievement is due to the landmark international agreement to control the production and use of ozone-depleting substances. Full compliance would be required to achieve this expected recovery. In 1987, the recognition of the potential for chlorine and bromine to destroy stratospheric ozone led to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, as part of the 1985 Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, to reduce the global production of ozone-depleting substances. Subsequently, global observations of significant ozone depletion have prompted amendments to strengthen the treaty. The 1990 London Amendment calls for a ban on the production of the most damaging ozone-depleting substances by 2000 in developed countries and 2010 in developing countries. The 1992 Copenhagen Amendment changed the date of the ban to 1996 in developed countries. Further restrictions on ozone-depleting substances have been agreed upon in Vienna (1995) and Montreal (1997).

78. Nanotechnology Could Save The Ozone Layer TERRADAILY Nanotechnology Could Save The ozone layer The symmetricring on the left was selforganized by evaporation of a 10 µL http://www.spacedaily.com/news/ozone-03b.html

TERRADAILY Nanotechnology Could Save The Ozone Layer The symmetric ring on the left was self-organized by evaporation of a 10 µL drop of a pure water-based nanosphere suspension. The ring on the right, showing various changes - especially in the zone enclosed by the ring - was formed by a 10 µL nanosuspension drop that coexisted with perfluorodecalin for some time in a syringe. The phases were only manually shaken. The ring diameter is about 5 mm. London - Feb 11, 2003 Whilst experimenting with nanospheres and perfluorodecalin, a liquid used in the production of synthetic blood, researchers at Germany's University of Ulm have stumbled across a phenomenon that could ultimately help remove ozone-harming chemicals from the atmosphere. The perfluorodecalin, against all expectations, was taken up by a water-based suspension of 60 nm diameter polystyrene particles. The scientists believe that this occurred because nanoscopic perfluorodecalin droplets became encapsulated by self-assembled polystyrene nanospheres. Perfluorodecalin has very similar properties to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), the inert liquids that are known to destroy the Earth's protective ozone layer. Moreover, the Ulm team reckons that aerosol particle-carrying water droplets or ice crystals in clouds may be able to collect up chlorofluorocarbons in the same way, eventually returning them harmlessly to Earth as rain, hail or snow.

79. Humanity Tries To Mend Ozone Layer TERRADAILY Humanity Tries to Mend ozone layer. by Gustavo CapdevilaGeneva (IPS) Sep 16, 2002 Readings of the lower atmosphere show http://www.spacedaily.com/news/ozone-02i.html

TERRADAILY Humanity Tries to Mend Ozone Layer by Gustavo Capdevila Geneva (IPS) Sep 16, 2002 Readings of the lower atmosphere show that ozone-depleting substances continue their slow decline since reaching a peak in the 1992-1994 period, proving that policies to control certain human activities are having the desired effect, says the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO). The United Nations-sponsored International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer, Monday, Sep 16, gives scientists the opportunity to remind the global community that, while progress has been made in slowing ozone depletion, there is still work to be done. International treaties to protect the Earth's atmospheric ozone layer are having a positive impact, conclude the WMO and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in their latest scientific assessment of the natural shield that protects all living species from the harmful effects of the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays. The presence of chlorine in the atmosphere is diminishing, while bromine, another ozone-depleting substance continues to rise, although at a slower rate than the WMO recorded in 1998. The ozone hole over Antarctica, discovered in the early 1980s, should disappear by the middle of this century, says Mo Lagarde, spokesman for the Geneva-based WMO.

80. NIES - Ozone Layer Research Project It is expected that the effect of measures implemented to protect the ozone layeris going to become apparent in the early 21st century, with concentrations of http://www.nies.go.jp/ozone/index-e.html

Last Updated 2002,2,26 Outline Links Satellite Remote Sensing Research Team The Ministry of the Environment has been developing two satellite sensors, the "Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer-II" (ILAS-II) and the "Solar-Occultation Fourier-Transform Spectrometer for Inclined-Orbit Satellite" (SOFIS). The ILAS-II is scheduled to launch in 2002. Along with these sensors, this team is proceeding research on the following areas: system development for processing ILAS-II data; development of data processing algorithms; actual data processing; validation analysis; verification for scientific use; data provision; and related research. Furthermore, the team has started the research on SOFIS data processing to prepare for the expected satellite launch in 2007. Ground-Based Remote Sensing Research Team This team continues observations of the ozone layer using ground-based remote sensors such as millimeter-wave radiometers, conducting further intercomparisons, reanalyzing data, and assessing their validity. The validated data are used to clarify the short-term and long-term variations of the ozone layer as well as their mechanisms. These data are provided to both national and international science communities. Ozone Layer Modeling Research Team This team is conducting analytic research on chemical and physical processes in the stratosphere by utilizing various observation data and a 3-D chemical transport model. The team is also developing a 3-D general circulation model including stratospheric processes with the cooperation of CCSR, the University of Tokyo. Furthermore, the team is measuring chemical kinetic and photochemical data for the stratospheric modeling.

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