1. Water Pollution WATER POLLUTION AND SOCIETY David Krantz and Brad Kifferstein Comprising over 70% of the Earth s surface, water is undoubtedly the most precious natural resource that exists on our planet. http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/society/waterpollution.htm

WATER POLLUTION AND SOCIETY By David Krantz and Brad Kifferstein INTRODUCTION Comprising over 70% of the Earth’s surface, water is undoubtedly the most precious natural resource that exists on our planet. Without the seemingly invaluable compound comprised of hydrogen and oxygen, life on Earth would be non-existent: it is essential for everything on our planet to grow and prosper. Although we as humans recognize this fact, we disregard it by polluting our rivers, lakes, and oceans. Subsequently, we are slowly but surely harming our planet to the point where organisms are dying at a very alarming rate. In addition to innocent organisms dying off, our drinking water has become greatly affected as is our ability to use water for recreational purposes. In order to combat water pollution, we must understand the problems and become part of the solution. POINT AND NONPOINT SOURCES According to the American College Dictionary, pollution is defined as: “to make foul or unclean; dirty.” Water pollution occurs when a body of water is adversely affected due to the addition of large amounts of materials to the water. When it is unfit for its intended use, water is considered polluted. Two types of water pollutants exist; point source and nonpoint source. Point sources of pollution occur when harmful substances are emitted directly into a body of water. The Exxon Valdez oil spill best illustrates a point source water pollution. A nonpoint source delivers pollutants indirectly through environmental changes. An example of this type of water pollution is when fertilizer from a field is carried into a stream by rain, in the form of run-off

2. Nonpoint Source Pollution: Water Primer, AEX-465-93 Ohio citizens have shown increased concern about the wise use and protection of the state's water resources. http://www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~ohioline/aex-fact/0465.html

Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering 590 Woody Hayes Dr. Columbus, Ohio 43210 Nonpoint Source Pollution: Water Primer AEX-465-93 Rob Leeds Larry C. Brown Nathan L. Watermeier Ohio citizens have shown increased concern about the wise use and protection of the state's water resources. This concern grows as Ohio citizens are increasingly affected by state regulations and water protection measures brought about by the federal Clean Water Act of 1987 and its subsequent reauthorizations (see Clean Water Act insert). As with most legislation, regulations and protection measures for water are complex, and the terminology may not be readily understandable to most readers. The purpose of this publication is to help the reader gain a better understanding of the terminology associated with nonpoint source (NPS) pollution and the protection of water resources. The list of terms described here is not comprehensive, but includes terms often used in the context of water-related, nonpoint source pollution in Ohio. This publication is intended for those who at least have a general understanding of water quality. What is Nonpoint Source Pollution?

3. DCR Soil And Water Conservation Programs Index PDF); 2002 Biennial Nonpoint Source pollution water Quality AssessmentReport (PDF); Check out DCR's new Virginia Waterways website. http://www.dcr.state.va.us/sw/

Site search Check out DCR's new Virginia Waterways site Quick links New stuff Intro, Overview NPS pollution Adopt-a-Stream ... Expanded Program Listing DCR's Soil and Water Conservation Programs Ever heard of a "watershed"? Despite the fact that we all live in a watershed , most of us don't know the actual meaning of the word. Put simply, a watershed is all the land that drains into a given body of water. This body of water can be a creek, pond, river or ocean. Generally speaking, the larger the body of water, the larger its watershed. The Chesapeake Bay watershed, for example, covers 64,000 square miles and drains from six states including 60 percent of Virginia. The map above depicts the Old Dominion's major river watersheds (there are 497 subwatersheds). One thing all of these watersheds have in common is people, and where you have people, you have land altering activity. When we alter land - to farm, to build, to landscape, for transportation - we must take care to make sure our land use changes aren't causing runoff pollution problems for either other people or plants and animals downstream that depend on clean, usable water. The technical term for this form of pollution is

4. Water Pollution, Water Pollution Legislation, WATER POLLUTION MANAGEMENT: Croner water pollution, water pollution legislation, water pollution news, water pollutionquestions and answers, water pollution regulations can be found at Croner http://www.croner-uk.co.uk/environment-centre/water-pollution.html

If you are not re-directed automatically, click here Home Finance Payroll ... International Trade Water Pollution: Water Pollution and Water Pollution Management Information Zone: Croner CCH - Environment Centre For all Water Pollution matters including Information on water pollution policy,water pollution legislation and enforcement of water pollution legislation visit Croner CCH at the official environment centre Water Pollution Information zone found at http://www.environment-centre.net . The Water Pollution Information Zone features water pollution news, water pollution stories, water pollution features, water pollution related events and links to sites of major importance for those researching aspects of water pollution. Water Pollution: water pollution environment- water pollution and water pollution management questions and answers Water Pollution Question: I want to discharge liquid effluent from my factory into a sewer. Is this a controlled water? Water Pollution: Answer No. Water supply mains and pipes, sewers and drains are excluded from the definition of controlled waters. However, to discharge trade effluent into a sewer you will need a trade effluent discharge consent from the sewerage undertaker (the privatised water company).

5. Water Pollution And Hazardous Waste Quizzes and polls to test a person's knowledge about water pollution. Includes resources about ways to help the situation. http://members.tripod.com/water-pollution

6. Water Pollution Water Pollution. Water is probably one of the most important resourceswe have. People can survive without food for several weeks http://www.soton.ac.uk/~engenvir/environment/water/water.html

Water Pollution Water is probably one of the most important resources we have. People can survive without food for several weeks, but without water we would die in less than one week. On a slightly less dramatic note, millions of litres of water are needed every day worldwide for washing, irrigating crops, and cooling industrial processes, not to mention leisure industries such as swimming pools and watersports centres. Despite our dependence on water, we use it as a dumping ground for all sorts of waste, and do very little to protect the water supplies we have. There are several threats to our water resources. Oil spills kill thousands of seabirds and can wreck water desalination plants and industrial plants drawing their water from affected coastlines. However, oil can get into the sea from many other sources , and cause just as much damage. Poor management of existing water resources can lead to those resources running out or at least shrinking, such as the Aral Sea . More locally, the North Sea is suffering from heavy pollution. Much of the pollution in rivers and seas comes from chemicals, mainly from agriculture . Another pollution issue which is often overlooked is thermal pollution This page was produced by Mark Bennett for the Database for Use in Schools project. All views expressed in this page and all others for this project are the views of the author and not necessarily that of Southampton University.

7. Scorecard Home EDF Scorecard makes it easy to find information about toxic chemicals where they come from in your Category Society Issues Environment pollution...... pollution Locator Find out about the pollution problems in your community. waterQuality Clean water Act status and watershed health. http://www.scorecard.org/

Counties with Reported Releases of Recognized Reproductive Toxicants to Air text-only version Sunday, March 23, 2003 Second National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals reveals chemicals in our bodies The CDC's Second National Exposure Report provides a snapshot of the levels of some 116 chemicals in Americans' bodies. Some of these chemicals, like mercury , are known to be highly toxic, even in small amounts. For others, like tungsten , we have very little knowledge of their toxicity. Some of the substances get into our bodies after being emitted by industrial facilities as pollution; others come from the foods we eat, natural sources, past pollution, or a combination of all three. Scorecard can give you the facts on what we know about the health effects of many of these chemicals and where they come from. For more information, click here You can help us protect children's health. Site Navigation What's New Find Your Community Setting Priorities Pollution Locator Pollution Rankings Environmental Justice About the Chemicals Health Effects Regulatory Controls Forums FAQs Personalize Scorecard Glossary About Scorecard Search Scorecard: Search Tips Powered by GetActive Software Environmental Defense and GetActive Software

8. Welcome To The Georgia Water  & Pollution Control Association! The Georgia water pollution Control Association is dedicated to education, dissemination of technical and scientific http://www.gwpca.org/

Membership Legislation 2003 Professional Services Corporate/Utility Members ... Contact Us The Georgia Contact Us Search Site Operator Training Graphic software used to produce this site provided by Adobe Systems Membership Legislation 2003 Professional Services ... Search Site

9. Environmental Organization WebDirectory - PollutionWater Pollution The Characteristics and Fate of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Groundwater Overview of the environmental problems created by solvent releases. engineering and design to solve water pollution problems. Puget Sound On-Line - Puget Sound water Quality Action Team's http://www.webdirectory.com/Pollution/Water_Pollution

10. Association Of State And Interstate Water Pollution Control Administrators - ASI Independent, nonpartisan organization of state water program managers.Category Business Energy and Environment Associations......Java(tm). Welcome to the Association of State and Interstate waterPollution Control Administrators (ASIWPCA) Homepage. Here you http://www.asiwpca.org/

Java(tm). Welcome to the Association of State and Interstate Water Pollution Control Administrators (ASIWPCA) Homepage. Here you will find general information on the Association, its Task Forces and how to contact our Membership, as well as updates on water related Congressional Budget Activities, Federal Policy and Guidance. 2002 is the Year of Clean Water and the 30th Anniversary of the Clean Water Act. To learn more click the link above. Please select a document February 2003 January 2003 December 2002 Oct.-Nov. 2002 September 2002 August 2002 July 2002 June 2002 May 2002 April 2002 March 2002 February 2002 January 2002 Request Old Newsletter Please select a document ASIWPCA Strategic Plan 2/03 319 sanctions/CZARA 6217 1/03 Rescinding 2002 TMDL Rule 1/03 Propose New TMDL Rule 1/03 Farm Bill Website Draft Stormwater Comments 11/02 Eliminating Mercury House SRF Testimony Senate SRF Testimony CT N Trading Factsheet EBO SRF Position Paper This website uses Adobe Acrobat® extensively. Please download if necessary.

11. Water Pollution Links to current information on water quality and treatment issues. http://ehis.niehs.nih.gov/topic/waterpol.html

Publications Services Environews by Topic Index ... Search Environews by Topic: Water Pollution Coastal Cities: Living on the Edge. Pooling Data on Coastal Zones. E. coli Exposed. Holton, W. Conard. (110N10 INN: A586-A589) The Diarrhea Dilemma: Managing Illness in Mexico. Weinhold, Bob. (110N10 SS: A590) EPA Money Hits the Beach. (110N8 BEAT: A453) Pulp Mills Make More Males: Skewing the Sex Ratio in Fish. Freeman, Kris S. (110N8 SS: A474) Up a Chemical Creek. Bob Weinhold. (110N7 FOR: A390) If a Tree Falls in the City. Scott Fields. (110N7 FOR: A392) A Cleaner Way to Color Cotton What Llama Doo Can Do (110N5 Beat: A235) How Arsenic Acts: Evidence of Oxidative Stress Tibbetts, John. (110N4 SS: A204) The Hudson: A River Runs through an Environmental Controversy Unwell Water in South Carolina Chepesiuk, Ron. (110N4 FOR: A182) Overpowering Manure Tenenbaum, David J. (110N4 FOR: A181)

12. Library: Water Research reports (PDF format) and project summaries related to economic and policy aspects of water allocation/management and water quality improvement. Sample topics include marketing water, water as a source of international conflict, economic value of fresh water, and crossmedia pollution. http://www.rff.org/environment/water.htm

Go To: Discussion Papers Reports Issue Briefs Books ... When ENSO Reigns, it Pours: Climate Forecasts in Flood Planning (516 KB) Kris Wernstedt and Robert Hersh Abstract Gauging the Vulnerability of Local Water Utilities to Extreme Weather Events (280 KB) Abstract How Do Public Disclosure Pollution Control Programs Work? Evidence from Indonesia (120 KB) Abstract Socioeconomic Impacts of Climate Variability and Change on U.S. Water Resources (949 KB) Abstract Environmental Implications of the Tourism Industry (180 KB) Abstract The New Face of the Clean Water Act: A Critical Review of the EPA's Proposed TMDL Rules (680 KB) Introduction Environmental Implications of the Foodservice and Food Retail Industries (355 KB) Abstract Environmental Implications of the Health Care Service Sector (263 KB) Terry Davies and Adam I. Lowe October 1999 Abstract Measuring the Value of Health Improvements from Great Lakes Cleanup (99 KB) Abstract The Benefits of Air Pollutant Emissions Reductions in Maryland: Results from the Maryland Externalities Screening and Valuation Model (136 KB) David Austin, Alan Krupnick, Dallas Burtraw, and Terrell Stoessell

13. The Environmental Index The basic facts about noise, light, water and air pollution compiled by Southampton University.Category Kids and Teens School Time Science Environment pollution...... thanks. Waste Management and Recycling, Tour the Eco House. Transport,Transport, water pollution, water Resources. Air pollution http://www.soton.ac.uk/~engenvir/index/enviro_index.html

Please take part in our research by filling in the after questionnaire before you leave, thanks. Waste Management and Recycling Tour the Eco House. Transport Water Resources ... Aircraft Pollution This page was produced by Max Taylor for the Database for Use in Schools project. All views expressed in this page and all others for this project are the views of the author and not necessarily that of Southampton University. Last update 27.02.97

14. Water Pollution In The Persian Gulf And The Caspian Sea Article from Payame Darya, a publication of the Shipping Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran. http://www.netiran.com/Htdocs/Clippings/DEconomy/950515XXDE02.html

Water Pollution in the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea Payam-e Darya, A Publication of the Shipping Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran May 1995, No. 32 Pages: 13-20 Word Count: 2945 Summary: The environmental issues concerning the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea, such as the presence of polluting substances have been examined in this study. The conclusion calls for a collective effort by the littoral states to collectively prevent further pollution. Text: The Persian Gulf and its Ecological State The Persian Gulf is a partially closed sea of salty water with an average depth of 35 meters. It joins free international waters through the Strait of Hormuz. A variety of factors have all combined to threaten its environment and its specific ecological characteristics. Among them are its higher rate of water evaporation than fresh water supply, and most significantly, the extended drilling and oil extraction projects that take place here, enabling lucrative exports for the littoral states. The annual water evaporation rate in the Persian Gulf ranges from 150 to 400 cm. This is a high rate compared to other marine areas such as the Mediterranean Sea where evaporation hardly reaches an annual 15 cm. Moreover, the salinity of the water intensifies from the Strait of Hormuz to the northwestern parts, measuring 38 units per thousand in the strait to between 60 to 70 units per thousand in Khour Musa.

15. Part 1: GST As A Marker Of Water Pollution. MSc Thesis, Tom Rees, 1993 A review of the literature on the use of enzyme induction in aquatic organisms to measure environmental pollution. http://www.brighton73.freeserve.co.uk/tomsplace/scientific/msc-thesis/mst-revi.h

Literature Review Biological Markers of Water Pollution With specific reference to glutathione conjugation Glutathione S-Transferase as a Biological Marker of Aquatic Contamination Research Thesis in Applied Toxicology Tomas James Rees, Portsmouth University, UK In Collaboration with the Water Research Centre, Henley © August 1993 Return to the Index Page Visitor number: to this page. Introduction Tier I biomarkers Tier II biomarkers Biotransformation ... Conclusions Introduction In the attempt to define and measure the effects of pollutants on an ecosystem, biomarkers have attracted a great deal of interest. The principle behind the biomarker approach is the analysis of an organism's physiological or biochemical response to pollutant exposure. When compared with chemical residue analysis, biomarkers have an advantage of being a measure of the stress incurred in the organism, and so are more biologically relevant. However whereas chemical analysis for defined pollutants gives well defined concentration data, biomarkers are often more difficult to interpret. When compared with population parameters, the opposite is the case. Biomarkers are often more easily quantifiable than population parameters, such as growth and reproduction, but whereas measurements of population parameters gives an accurate picture of the ecological effects of the pollutant, biomarkers are not necessarily indicative of a deleterious effect. That is, although all population stresses are necessarily preceded by a biochemical response, all biochemical responses need not be associated with a population stress.

16. Water Pollution: Student Research Resources: Finding Out About Water Pollution, A collection of books, articles, and web links on river and marine pollution and related issues. http://www.ukrivers.net/pollution.html

On our site: Home page About us Network Campaigns ... Contact us Finding out about water pollution The world's oceans and rivers have never been under more pressure from pollution. This handy list of information sources points you to books, articles, and websites that tell you what the problems are, how they're caused, and how we can attempt to solve them. There are thousands of web pages about pollution and this is not a complete list. But it'll give you a good start in finding out about most of the issues involved. We're sorry, but we cannot help individual students with projects or homework. All the information we have is on this page. If you can't find it here, sorry, but we don't have it! Last updated: June 7, 2002. You can help our work by clicking on this banner and buying stuff from Amazon.com Websites Cool stuff for schools! Government agencies and international organizations ... UK news articles from BBC News Online Websites Try these two constantly updated lists of links on water pollution: Yahoo! Society and Culture:Environment and Nature:Pollution:Water dmoz Open Directory Project: Water pollution Cool stuff for schools! A lot of the information on this page is quite detailed scientific stuff. If you're doing a project for school, you might not have time to work through all these zillions of links. We suggest you take a look at the links below - you will probably find everything you need for your project right here!

17. Ship And Shore Enviromental Inc. - Products Manufactures environmental abatement equipment and heat recovery systems. Provides engineering and testing services to industries emitting volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Custom designs equipment for the decontamination of hydrocarbon or solventladen air or water. http://www.shipandshore.com/

is committed to maintain a professional work environment and progressive attitude that encourages teamwork and promotes creative concepts. It is the purpose of our company to furnish safe, effective equipment and services to help industry to be profitable in an environmentally sensitive economy. We hereby pledge to maintain honest, straightforward relations with our customers, employees, and suppliers alike. You have our word on it! Home Services Products About ... Partners b

18. EPA > Water > Wetlands, Oceans, & Watersheds > Oceans, Coasts, And Estuaries > A Wetlands, Oceans, watersheds Oceans, Coasts, Estuaries Assessment and Monitoring Air pollution water Quality http://www.epa.gov/owow/oceans/airdep

Assessment and Monitoring Contact Us Print Version Search: EPA Home Water Assessment and Monitoring Ocean Survey Vessel ... for Children, Students and Teachers Introduction/Announcements Atmospheric Deposition and Water Quality Which Atmospheric Deposition Pollutants Pose the Greatest Problems for Water Quality? What are the Major Effects of Common Atmospheric Pollutants on Water Quality, Ecosystems, and Human Health? Air-Water Work Plan - What EPA is Doing Atmospheric Deposition Handbook - Notice of Availability Glossary Bibliography and Links For further information write to: Air Pollution and Water Quality U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Mail Code 4504T Washington, DC 20460 martin.debora@epa.gov Or you may call: Debora Martin En Español EPA Home Privacy and Security Notice Contact Us

19. EPA > Polluted Runoff (Nonpoint Source Pollution) Recent Additions Contact Us Print Version Search EPA Home water Wetlands,Oceans, watersheds Polluted Runoff (Nonpoint Source pollution). http://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/

Polluted Runoff (Nonpoint Source Pollution) Recent Additions Contact Us Print Version Search: EPA Home Water What is NPS Pollution ... Contact Us

20. Pollution : Water ED 1995 /1 pollution water News items from The Environment Digest issue 1995 / 1 Britain's beaches "still deteriorating" http://ecosystem.gn.apc.org/pw91.htm

Pollution : Water News items from The Environment Digest issue 1995 / 1 Britain's beaches "still deteriorating" French machine cleans oil from birds Brittany water under threat EU lead restrictions mooted ... Return to current issue contents list Britain's beaches "still deteriorating" The latest survey of Britain's beaches, Norwich Union Coastwatch UK , has found that the overall quality of the UK's coastline is not improving. The survey, of 1,842 km of coastline, found 35,987 items of sewage related waste (an average of 20 per kilometre), 1,122 items of medical waste (one per kilometre), 21,116 cans (17 per kilometre), 41,259 plastic bottles (22 per kilometre), and 2,000 discarded tyres (two per kilometre). The percentage of coastline considered excellent fell for the first time since the start of the annual survey, six years ago - to only 8 per cent. Co-ordinator of the scheme, Dr Gareth Rees, said: "It's apparent that the government and industry believe enough is being done to keep pollution levels on our beaches at a "satisfactory' level. However, we've confirmed a high base level of pollution and the overall quality of our coastline is still deteriorating." A survey by the Marine Conservation Society and Reader's Digest magazine has found that the beach at New Brighton, Merseyside, is the UK's dirtiest. The survey also found that the concentration of sewage pollution had doubled since 1993. A separate study by Dr Stephen Myint of Leicester University found high concentrations of viruses at some popular beaches.

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