21. Primate Refinement & Enrichment Bibliography 2003 Annotated Bibliography on Refinement and Environmental Enrichment for primateskept in Laboratories Last update January 4, 2003. Viktor Annie Reinhardt. http://www.awionline.org/lab_animals/biblio/

Annotated Bibliography on Refinement and Environmental Enrichment for Primates kept in Laboratories Last update: January 4, 2003 Animal Welfare Institute This bibliography offers animal caregivers, animal technicians, veterinarians, zoo keepers and students guidance to practical information on refinement and environmental enrichment for primates kept in research institutions. Theoretical and purely descriptive reports are not included. New entries for 2002 are marked with Table of Contents Extraneous Variables Definition Scientific Principles Insufficient/Inadequate Space ... Definition (2,a) Unstructured Space 2,b) Structured Space (2,c) Playpen, Outdoor Housing, Exercise Cage Inanimate Stimulation Acoustic Stimulation Animate Stimulation ... Stimulating Social Behavior (2,1,a) Group-housing: Practical Issues (2,1,b) Group-housing: Group Formation/Introduction/Integration (2,2,a) Pair-housing: Practical Issues, Time Budget (2,2,b) Pair-housing: Pair formation Grooming-Contact Caging Positive Interaction with Humans Stimulating Intelligent Behavior (positive reinforcement training) ... Society for Animal Protective Legislation (SAPL)

22. Primates primates. Lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans. Please Qi. 2000.The smallest primates. Journal of Human Evolution 38585594. http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Primates&contgroup=Eutheria

23. Skatty's Primate Page Skatty's Primate Page for her favorite animals primates! Skatty is Sane Inc. USA.EMail webmaster@primates.virtualave.net Last Updated October 28th, 2002. http://primates.virtualave.net/

DID YOU KNOW? Standing upright a Gorilla can be as tall as six feet and weigh as much as 500 pounds. Females are smaller, usually 200 pounds. Primate Families Callithricidae Cebidae Cercopithecidae Cheirogaleidae ... Complete List Organizations Chimpanzees Gorillas Orangutans Other Primates ... General Other Areas Primate Gallery Primate Sounds Primate Links Evolution Links ... Email Me Poaching has decimated the population of endangered gorillas in the war-ravaged east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. CLICK HERE or HERE to find out how you can help protect them! Jane Goodall , the legendary researcher who has devoted her life to studying chimpanzees in Africa and educating the world about them, presented the annual L'Hommedieu Lecture at Rutgers College (on the Douglass Campus) on September 13th, 2000. Scientists have pronounced that Miss Waldron's Red Colobus , a type of large West African monkey, is now extinct, making it the first primate to vanish in the 20th century. Life's Too Short To Make Another's Shorter is a poem that was sent to me by an anonymous person, when I tried to reply to their email, my email was returned to me stating that the email address was no longer a valid one. So to whoever it was that sent this poem to me, Thank You. Click Here to download The Primate Desktop Theme webmaster@primates.virtualave.net

24. Fossil Primates 1 Fossil primates 1. Dr. Bill Sellars. Introduction. The next two lecturesattempt to fit humans into the evolutionary framework of the primates. http://www.leeds.ac.uk/chb/lectures/anthl_09.html

Fossil Primates 1 Dr. Bill Sellars Introduction In the last lecture I tried to give you an outline of primate taxonomy and how humans fit into the taxonomic framework. The next two lectures attempt to fit humans into the evolutionary framework of the primates. Today's lecture concentrates on the evolutionary period from just before the Palaeocene (about 70 mya) to the end of the Miocene (about 5 mya). Tomorrow's lecture will follow on and look at the early hominins in the Pliocene (5 mya) and the Pleistocene (1.5 mya) stopping before the Holocene (10,000 ya) Lecture Outline Palaeocene - plesiadadiformes Late Miocene - Hominids What I'll be presenting is a simplified story of early primate evolution. The fossil record is really very patchy, and although the reconstructions look nice, some are based on rather scanty information. So this is very much conjecture, and will be different in different books. The arguments about which is more likely to be correct rage all the time! Palaeocene - plesiadadiformes Oldest primate The oldest fossil that anyone considers to be primate-like is a animal called Purgatorius ceratops , which consists of a single tooth found in late-Cretaceous rocks in Montana. This is dated to approximately 70 mya.

25. Fossil Primates 2 Fossil primates 2. Dr. Bill Sellers. Introduction. Today's lecturewill follow on from the previous lecture and look at the last 5 http://www.leeds.ac.uk/chb/lectures/anthl_10.html

Fossil Primates 2 Dr. Bill Sellers Introduction Today's lecture will follow on from the previous lecture and look at the last 5 million years of human evolution. In fact, I will concentrate on the Pliocene, and leave the last million years for later, since the human-like animal around then is very human-like indeed, and probably is better discussed by someone who doesn't claim to be a primatologist. Lecture Outline Orientation The Sites The Fossils The Species How it all MIGHT fit together Orientation Australopithecines (Southern Apes) Various species in Africa from 5 to 1 mya Homo habilis (Handy man) Africa: 2 to 1.5 mya Homo erectus (Erect man) Africa, East Asia, South East Asia: 1.8 mya to 100,000 ya Homo sapiens Archaic forms from 400,000 ya, modern forms from 200,000 ya. Africa, Asia, Europe. Australopithecines The Sites and Fossils East Africa East African rift valley system (1,200 miles long) associated with mountain building, faulting and vulcanism over last few million years. Earth movement mean sediments get exposed (Plio-Pleistocene 4 to 1 mya), and volcanic activity causes layers of volcanic ash (tuffs) which can be dated (potassium argon, or fission tracks) accurately. Middle Awash Now very important site called Aramis: Australopithecus ramidus , 4.4 mya. Though there is argument about whether this animal has enough derived features to be an australopithecine (need post-crania to be sure, and post-crania needs to be found in close context with cranial material to confirm species).

26. Miguel De Icaza Home Page New stuff Picture Gallery; Mono project; Passport opinions; eMexico (spanish);** Read this **; Ximian Setup Tools; Monikers document; Ximian toys. Miguee Portal. http://primates.ximian.com/~miguel/

New stuff: Picture Gallery Mono project Passport opinions eMexico (spanish) ... Ximian toys Miguee Portal Software work: GNOME Mono Bonobo ... conferences Magazines, Web, Audio Writing: Fixing Unix Bonobo Monikers the Ximian Setup Tools Various: IRC Hacks Personal: Activity Log Upcoming travel Picture Gallery Ximian: ... Story , Folklore, Friends. GNOME resources: Bonsai sources Developers Documentation TODOs ... Gnome Love GNOME company resources: CodeFactory RH Labs Sun, Ximian Ximian Shop: Ximian GNOME Monkeys Shirts Hats GNOME 2.0 GUADEC III, GNOME 2.0 plan e-Mexico: e-Mexico proposal (spanish) Links Other stuff: Yacc for Java My Yacc for C# (in Mono) Electronic Intifada If you want to understand what is the problem in the Middle East, the Electronic Intifada site is good starting point. Upcoming must-see movie: Occupation 101

27. Ximian Icon Project Ximian / Gnome 2 Icon Project. What the heck? We have been workingon a new set of GNOME toolbar icons (also called stock icons http://primates.ximian.com/~tigert/new_stock_project/

Ximian / Gnome 2 Icon Project What the heck? We have been working on a new set of GNOME toolbar icons (also called "stock" icons) because we felt it was time to give GNOME a bit of a new look. It's been years since I did the original stock icons, and my style has changed quite a bit since then, and I noticed some icons were simply not that great. So I ( ) sat down together with Jakub (jimmac) (virtually of course, since he is in .cz and I am in .fi) and we decided it was time to do it. Ximian fully backed us so we could do this on "office hours" (you really want quotes on that one!) so we are happy to show what we have been cooking. So, below you see the results. We tried to make the icons more descriptive and clear, this is why they are not tilted like the older GNOME stock icons are. Note! This work is still in progress, especially since we dont have a definitive, canonical list of what should be in the stock icon repository of gnome, so we will keep adding stuff. Check back often for updates! If you feel we are missing something let us know as soon as possible so we can get these to GNOME CVS! (tigert (at) ximian.com)

28. N.S.R.R.P. A division of the Wild Animal Orphanage, this primate sanctuary specializes in retired research primates .Category Society Organizations Rescues and Shelters primates......Homepage of the National Sanctuary for Retired Research primates http://www.primatesanctuarynsrrp.org/

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29. Habitat Ecologique Et Liberté Des Primates http://www.help-primates.org/

H abitat E cologique et L iberté des P rimates Ce site a accueilli visiteurs depuis le 1er Novembre 2000. Pour le plaisir de vos yeux, ce site comporte des animations en flash, et des petits codes "javascript". Si vous souhaitez accéder à une version "light" (moins d'images, que du texte) cliquez ici Webmaster : Philippe VALLAS primate, PRIMATE, chimpanze, CHIMPANZE, Primate, chimpanzees, Apes, APES, apes, Africa, Afrique, afrique, PAN, Pan, pan, troglodytes, help, H.E.L.P., CONGO, Congo, congo, protection, environnement, forêt, foret, tropicale, tropical, forest, HELPprimate, PRIMATE, chimpanze, CHIMPANZE, Primate, chimpanzees, Apes, APES, apes, Africa, Afrique, afrique, PAN, Pan, pan, troglodytes, help, H.E.L.P., CONGO, Congo, congo, protection, environnement, forêt, foret, tropicale, tropical, forest, HELP

30. Australasian Primate Society to advance the study of primatology, both academic and applied. · to promotethe ethical and responsible use of nonhuman primates in scientific research. http://www.primates.on.net/

XVIIIth IPS Congress Overview Latest News Abstracts ... MGSA Updates A U S T R A L A S I A N P R I M A T E S O C I E T Y The Australasian Primate Society is a non-profit scientific society founded in 1982. The objects of the Society are to advance the study of primatology, both academic and applied to promote the ethical and responsible use of non-human primates in scientific research to foster responsible breeding in captivity and importation of non-human primates, consistent with the objects stated above and with the conservation of all primate species Membership is open to any individual or institution working in any area of primate research, or having an interest in primatology Since 1986 the Society has published a quarterly journal Australasian Primatology which is used to disseminate knowledge of primates and for discussion of ideas and items of general interest. There are two areas of publication. One is peer- reviewed scientific papers and the other is short communications which includes regular book reviews. The Australasian Primate Society has raised funds for a wide variety of primate conservation projects.

31. Of Pigs, Primates, And Plagues: Xenotransplantation Critique Critique of xenotransplantation.Category Society Issues Health Transplantation Xenotransplantation...... has led some researchers and federal health officials in the US and elsewhereto consider using animals, such as pigs and nonhuman primates, as alternate http://www.mrmcmed.org/pigs.html

A Layperson's Guide to the Problems With Animal-to-Human Organ Transplants Alix Fano, M.A. Murry J. Cohen, M.D. Marjorie Cramer, M.D., F.A.C.S. Ray Greek, M.D. Stephen R. Kaufman, M.D. Executive Summary 1. Introduction 2.Organ Xenotransplantation's Track Record: 100% Failure There have been some 55 animal-to-human whole organ transplants attempted since 1906. All have proven unsuccessful, resulting in the suffering and death of all patients and donor animals. The thousands of cross-species experiments (between goats, rats and chickens, rats and hamsters, cats and dogs, pigs and primates) performed since 1906, and continuing today, have not provided reliable information about what would happen to human xenograft recipients. Xenotransplantation is a dangerous and unproven technology. 3. Xenotransplantation Is Expensive Xenotransplantation is riskier and promises to be even more expensive than human-to-human transplantation ($250,000 per operation in 1995, not including the hidden costs of breeding, housing, feeding, medicating, testing, transporting, rendering, and disposing of the waste and remains of herds of transgenic animals). Institute of Medicine figures from 1996 reveal that xenotransplant costs for all patients who need organs could reach $20.3 billion. These costs are beyond the means of the majority of Americans and an already overburdened health care system. If ever successful, the technology would, at best, benefit a small minority of patients (100,000) while dramatically driving up health care costs for all.

32. A Critique Of Maternal Deprivation Monkey Experiments At The State University Of Experiments at The State University of New York Health Science Center. From Medical Research Modernizatio Category Society Issues Animal Experiments Vivisection primates...... practical problems preclude controlled prospective studies with humans, but a rangeof prospective manipulations are possible with nonhuman primates. 20 Given http://www.mrmcmed.org/mom.html

Experiments at The State University of New York Health Science Center For over 30 years, researchers have forced monkeys to undergo maternal separation or deprivation in order to "model" such human conditions as depression, alcoholism, aggression, and maternal-infant bonding. Three major critiques by Michael Giannelli, Martin Stephens, and Brandon Reines have challenged the scientific underpinnings of this work. An exhaustive review of the literature has not revealed a single attempt by the monkey researchers to address criticisms raised by these scholars. Expanding on the work of Giannelli, Stephens, and Reines, this report focuses on the research of Leonard Rosenblum, which involves exposing monkeys to drug-maternal deprivation combinations in order to "model" human panic disorder. Like other maternal deprivation projects, this research is fundamentally flawed.

33. Digital Primates IT Consulting Group IT Consulting for corporations and nonprofit organizations. View list of available services, and Category Regional North America Industries......Digital primates IT Consulting Group provides consulting and project implementationto organizations that will benefit from adopting advanced information http://www.digitalprimates.net/

HOME ABOUT US SERVICES CLIENTS ONLY ... PRESSROOM Digital Primates IT Consulting Group provides consulting and project implementation to organizations that will benefit from adopting advanced information technology solutions. The firm provides services in four areas: Software Design and Development Network Design and Administration Security Infrastructures IT/IS Compliance and Auditing To contact us, please click here or call us at 847/824-7800. 1460 Renaissance Drive Suite 402 Park Ridge, Illinois 60068 Phone: 847.824.7800 Fax: 847.655.2867 Email: answers@digitalprimates.net

34. PROCEEDINGS OF THE PONDAUNG FOSSILS EXPEDITION TEAM Documents about discovery of primate fossils near Pondaung, Myanmar.Category Regional Asia Myanmar Society and Culture History...... News from NLM. ANTHROPOID primates OF MYANMAR. Myanmar, Japanese palaeontologistsunearth more fossilized remains in Pondaung region (Feb 318, 2001). http://www.myanmar.com/primates/

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PONDAUNG FOSSILS EXPEDITION TEAM FORMATION OF THE PONDAUNG FOSSILS EXPEDITION TEAM AND REPORT ON THE WORK ACCOMPLISHED THE PRIMATES OF PONDAUNG - PROBABLY THE EARLIEST ANTHROPOID PRIMATES COL. THAN TUN Ministry of Defence Office of Strategic Studies Yangon, Myanmar DR TIN THEIN Department of Geology Pathein University Pathein, Myanmar News from NLM ANTHROPOID PRIMATES OF ... PHOTO GALLERY

35. Polyandry In Primates Cooperative polyandry among primates.Category Society Relationships Polygamy Polyandry...... In primates, humans in Asia with traditional cultures have polyandrous mating systems,usually for much the same reasons as callitrichids do, who are the only http://www-personal.umich.edu/~phyl/anthro/polyandry.html

Cooperative Polyandry Definition: "Groups in which two or more males mate with a single female during a single breeding season and collaborate to raise her offspring" Expectation of Polygyny and Selfish Behavior Cooperative polyandry seems to fly in the face of expectations in two ways- First of all, males are expected to raise their reproductive success by gaining access to females. Females don't maximize reproductive success by getting more males! Secondly, it looks like altruism- one of the males is taking care of offspring not related to him! Why is he being a sucker Cooperative polyandry is pretty rare for these reasons. It occurs in scattered animals- some raptors like hawks and eagles have polyandrous mating systems. Also african hunting dogs. In primates, humans in Asia with traditional cultures have polyandrous mating systems, usually for much the same reasons as callitrichids do, who are the only non-human polyandrous primates. Only a few have been studied; common marmoset, cottontop tamarin, golden tamarin, saddleback tamarin. Cooperative Polyandry in Callitrichids Characteristics of callitrichids They're the smallest of anthropoid primates; all under 1kg. Generally territorial. Diet is mixed- fruit and small prey items. Some eat gums, especially the marmosets who are specialized gummivores. Another important feature is that they produce twins- about 80% of births are twins. They're only primates who twin routinely.

36. Huggable, Lovable Plush Animal Toy Monkeys, Snakes And Birds Are Available On Li Monkeys with velcro hands and feet, as well as a snake and singing plush birds.Category Shopping Toys and Games Stuffed Animals......Adorable, huggable plush stuffed animal toys Plush stuffed animal toys. Monkeysof all kinds at Wild primates. Monkeys at Wild primates. Catalog of Hugs. http://www.wildprimates.com/

Adorable, huggable plush stuffed animal toys These are the originals as seen in zoo stores world wide! Huggable primates only $10.00 Huggable 17" Catalog of Hugs Primates Huggable 17" Mom and Baby 17" Chattering 17" Snakes Friendly 52"-54" Birds Singing 5" See our complete catalog also Chattering only $13.00 Mom and Baby 17" Friendly Snakes only $13.00 Friendly 52" -54" In partnership with the National Audubon Society Birds with Authentic Songs only $10.00 Singing Birds 5" The primates are not only loveable and huggable, but they feature Velcro hands and feet so that they can hang around your neck. Except for the size, the monkeys are realistic, with colors, facial features and body shapes that match the real ones. Each monkey has a name associated with the area in the world in which it lives and an informative hang tag. A monkey Web site offers free interactive games, arts and crafts activities. Some areas can only be accessed with hidden passwords found on the hang tags.

37. Nat'l Acad Press Catalog: The Psychological Well-Being Of Nonhuman Primates Complete online publication from the National Academy Press.Category Science Social Sciences Publications Books...... The Psychological WellBeing of Nonhuman primates Committee on Well-Beingof Nonhuman primates, Institute for Laboratory Animal http://www.nap.edu/catalog/4909.html

Read it Online - FREE! SEARCH THIS BOOK The Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates Committee on Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council 184 pages, 6 x 9, 1998. Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR) More Titles from ILAR Related Titles ISBN Binding List Price Web Discount Price Add to Shopping Cart hardcover International Price A 1985 amendment to the Animal Welfare Act requires those who keep nonhuman primates to develop and follow appropriate plans for promoting the animals' psychological well-being. The amendment, however, provides few specifics. The Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates recommends practical approaches to meeting those requirements. It focuses on what is known about the psychological needs of primates and makes suggestions for assessing and promoting their well-being. This volume examines the elements of an effective care programsocial companionship, opportunities for species-typical activity, housing and sanitation, and daily care routinesand provides a helpful checklist for designing a plan for promoting psychological well-being. The book provides a wealth of specific and useful information about the psychological attributes and needs of the most widely used and exhibited nonhuman primates. Readable and well-organized, it will be welcomed by animal care and use committees, facilities administrators, enforcement inspectors, animal advocates, researchers, veterinarians, and caretakers.

38. PRIMATES primates. Wendy Thompson Dr orangutans and humans. For pictures, and moreinformation on specific primates, click on the links to your left. http://www-ls.lanl.gov/wjt/

PRIMATES Wendy Thompson Dr. Leonard: Anthropology 101 University of New Mexico Thank you for visiting my primate page! I am an Anthropology student at the University of New Mexico, and this web site is part of my final project. The Primate order consists of monkeys, apes, and their relatives (including humans). The two suborders of primates are Prosimii, the primitive primates, which include lemurs, tarsiers, and lorises; and Anthropoidea, the advanced primates, which include monkeys, apes and humans. The anthropoids are further divided into New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, and Hominids. New World monkeys live in South America, and typically have widespread nostrils that open to the side. Their long tails are prehensile (grasping) in some species. This group of monkeys includes capuchins, tamarins, and squirrel monkeys. Old World monkeys typically have close-set nostrils that open forward or downward and nonprehensile tails. These monkeys live in Africa and Asia, and include langurs, mandrills, macaques, and baboons. Hominids have large brains and no tail. This group includes the apes Chimpanzees, gibbons, gorillas, and orangutans and humans.

39. OLAW: Current News Flashes And Archives WORKING SAFELY WITH NONHUMAN primates. Working Safely with Nonhumanprimates was produced by the NIH Office of Animal Care and http://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/TrainingVideos.htm

Hide Graphics Search OLAW Site Return To OLAW Home Page Training Materials OFFICE OF LABORATORY ANIMAL WELFARE Working Safely with Nonhuman Primates Working with the Laboratory Dog Training in Survival Rodent Surgery WORKING SAFELY WITH NONHUMAN PRIMATES "Working Safely with Nonhuman Primates" was produced by the NIH Office of Animal Care and Use in 1999 for training staff in the NIH intramural research program. This video has a strong emphasis on proper use of personal protective equipment combined with understanding nonhuman primate behavior, and the general principals are applicable to any program that houses nonhuman primates. It is provided here as a resource to extramural animal care and use programs. Available formats RealPlayer Video Formats ( RealPlayer Help and Downloads Best Quality - For those with high speed internet connections Captioned - For the hearing impaired Modem Access - For those with slower internet connections Download - To save the clip for local playback, (file is 48MB). English-language videotape - contact secoacu@od.nih.gov

40. Swiss-Prot Taxonomic Query: Primates Similar pages BBC NEWS Science/Nature Third of primates 'risk extinction' Monday, 7 October, 2002, 1701 GMT 1801 UK Third of primates 'risk extinction' Whiteheadedlangur A Vietnamese primate under pressure (Zoological Society of http://us.expasy.org/cgi-bin/get-entries?OC=Primates

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