61. Quantum Mechanics - Wikipedia quantum mechanics. The correspondence principle states that quantum mechanicsagrees with the predictions of classical physics for large systems. http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help Other languages: Dansk Deutsch Quantum mechanics From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Quantum mechanics or quantum physics is a physical theory formulated in the first half of the twentieth century which successfully describes the behavior of matter at small distance scales. It explains and quantifies three effects that classical physics cannot account for: The values of some measurable variables of a system, most notably the total energy of a bounded system, can attain only certain discrete values determined by the system. (The smallest possible jumps in the values of those observables are called "quanta" (Latin quantum, quantity), hence the name quantum mechanics.

62. Workshop In Relativistic Quantum Mechanics Workshop consisting of 16 lectures over a period of 5 days. Also 16 tutorials for discussion and problem solving. Lecture notes available for download. http://www.pnl.gov/quantum/index.html

63. Quantum Mechanics Article which teaches the basics of quantum mechanics with help of digital videos showing the time Category Science Physics quantum mechanics......quantum mechanics is a mathematical theory that can describe the behavior of objectsthat are roughly 10,000,000,000 times smaller than a typical human being. http://rugth30.phys.rug.nl/quantummechanics/

help Preface Quantum mechanics is a mathematical theory that can describe the behavior of objects that are roughly 10,000,000,000 times smaller than a typical human being. Quantum particles move from one point to another as if they are waves. However, at a detector they always appear as discrete lumps of matter. There is no counterpart to this behavior in the world that we perceive with our own senses. One cannot rely on every-day experience to form some kind of "intuition" of how these objects move. The intuition or "understanding" formed by the study of basic elements of quantum mechanics is essential to grasp the behavior of more complicated quantum systems. The approach adopted in all textbooks on quantum mechanics is that the mathematical solution of model problems brings insight in the physics of quantum phenomena. The mathematical prerequisites to work through these model problems are considerable. Moreover, only a few of them can actually be solved analytically. Furthermore, the mathematical structure of the solution is often complicated and presents an additional obstacle for building intuition. This presentation introduces the basic concepts and fundamental phenomena of quantum physics through a combination of computer simulation and animation. The primary tool for presenting the simulation results is computer animation. Watching a quantum system evolve in time is a very effective method to get acquainted with the basic features and peculiarities of quantum mechanics. The images used to produce the computer animated movies shown in this presentation are not created by hand but are obtained by visualization of the simulation data. The process of generating the simulation data for the movies requires the use of computers that are far more powerful than Pentium III based PC 's. Most of the simulations require the use of a supercomputer. Consequently, within this presentation, it is not possible to change the model parameters and repeat a simulation in real time.

64. Theory: Quantum Mechanics Theory quantum mechanics. quantum mechanics is the description of physics atthe scale of atoms, and the even smaller scales of fundamental particles. http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/vvc/theory/quantum.html

Quantum Mechanics Quantum mechanics is the description of physics at the scale of atoms, and the even smaller scales of fundamental particles. Quantum theory is the language of all particle theories. It is formulated in a well-defined mathematical language. It makes predictions for the relative probabilities of the various possible outcomes, but not for which outcome will occur in any given case. Interpretation of the calculations, in words and images, often leads to statements that seem to defy common sense because our common sense is based on experience at scales insensitive to these types of quantum peculiarities. Because we do not directly experience objects on this scale, many aspects of quantum behavior seem strange and even paradoxical to us. Physicists worked hard to find alternative theories that could remove these peculiarities, but to no avail. The word quantum means a definite but small amount. The basic quantum constant h , known as Planck's constant , is = 6.626075 x 10

65. Homepage Of Doron Cohen BenGurion University. Research interests quantum mechanics, Quantum chaos, Theory of driven mesoscopic (nano) systems, Quantum irreversibility, Dissipation and dephasing. Publications. http://www.bgu.ac.il/~dcohen/

Doron Cohen PhD, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. RAFAEL,SCD,IAF,MOD The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel. BGU Physics Department Homepage Opportunities for postdocs and research students Email: dcohen@bgumail.bgu.ac.il Current Research Interest: Chaos and quantum mechanics ("Quantum Chaos"). Random Matrix Theory and Semiclassics. Theory of driven mesoscopic (nano) systems. Adiabatic transport and quantum pumping. Quantum irreversibility, dissipation and dephasing. Relation to quantum computing. Application to quantal Brownian Motion. My main line of study concerns driven systems that are described by time-dependent Hamiltonian H(Q,P;x(t)). Such systems absorb energy. This irreversible effect is known as dissipation. One aim of my studies is to develop a general theory for this energy absorption. The ohmic nature of dissipation and the associated fluctuation-dissipation relation are studied within the framework of quantum mechanics. It turns out that there are three regimes in the theory of energy absorption: The adiabatic regime; The linear-response (Kubo) regime; And the non-perturbative regime. The mesoscopic Drude formula for electrical conductance, and the wall formula for nuclear friction, can be regarded as special cases of the general formulation of the dissipation problem. The research plan involves numerical studies. Of particular interest are studies of so-called billiard systems. An important issue is to understand the clash between random matrix theory and semiclassical methods. [

66. Interpretation And Philosophical Foundation Of Quantum Mechanics On the Interpretation and Philosophical Foundation of quantum mechanics. AntonZeilinger. LE Ballentine The Statistical Interpretation of quantum mechanics. http://www.quantum.univie.ac.at/zeilinger/philosop.html

On the Interpretation and Philosophical Foundation of Quantum Mechanics Anton Zeilinger Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria email: Anton.Zeilinger@univie.ac.at Abstract In recent years, a significant increase of interest in the foundations of quantum mechanics can be observed. This increase is certainly related to the immense progress made during the last two decades in experiments with individual quantum systems. This technological progress has made it possible to really perform more and more of the famous gedanken experiments which were so important in the early days of the theory. Not only did these experiments confirm the theory in every detail, they also opened up avenues for new experimental directions which might even lead some day to new technology. While such applications are certainly still far away, areas like quantum cryptography[ ], quantum computation[ ] and interaction-free measurement[ ], just to name a few examples, certainly deserve the attention they receive. All this activity has also drawn more attention to the problems of understanding and interpreting quantum mechanics. It seems that there, a definitive consensus has not yet been reached. As witnesses I quote authorities like Feynman as saying[ ]: "I think I can safely say that nobody today understands quantum mechanics", whereby he apparently included himself, or like Roger Penrose[

67. Qmbook Ebook reviews history, alternatives and raises good questions on philosophy and free will. http://physics-qa.com/html/QMBOOK.HTM

THE OBJECTIVIST QUANTUM by Atilla Gurel * Ms.Sc.(Diplom) in phyics , University of Karlsruhe PART I -The History of Quantum Theory Chapter 1 The origins Facts that challenged the classical view of atoms and radiation : The spectral distribution of black-body radiation The photo-electric effect The line spectra The stability of atoms (Why does the electron not fall on the nucleus?) Chapter 2 The first hints The invention of the concept of indivisible energy-portions by Max Planck to explain the spectral distribution of black body radiation. The explanation of photoelectric effect by Albert Einstein. The emerging concept of photon and wave-particle duality. Chapter 3 The big step De Broglie's idea of matter waves Chapter 4 The next big mystery The double slit experiment. The wave particle duality , Schroedinger's attempt to interpret the wave-function as a real physical wave that is "condensing" around a nucleus during the position measurement without a "pointlike" counterpart. Chapter 5 The next big step The discovery of Schroedinger equation. The solution for hydrogen atom. The resolution of the mystery of line spectra and the resolution of the mystery of the stability of the atoms. Chapter 6 The problems of wave only viewpoint Why had Schroedinger to give up his initial interpretation of the wave function as a real physical wave without "pointlike" counterpart?

68. Quantum Mechanics I next Next Contents. quantum mechanics I. Niels Walet, Fall 1998. DateJuly 10, 1998. Contents; 1. Introduction 1.1 Blackbody radiation; http://walet.phy.umist.ac.uk/QM/LectureNotes/

Next: Contents Quantum Mechanics I Niels Walet, Fall 1998 Date: July 10, 1998 Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Black-body radiation 1.2 Photo-electric effect ... 8.2 Expectation value of and for the harmonic oscillator 8.3 The measurement process 8.3.1 Repeated measurements 9. Ladder operators 9.1 Harmonic oscillators ... 9.2 The operators and 9.3 Eigenfunctions of through ladder operations 9.4 Normalisation and Hermitean conjugates 10. Time dependent wave functions 10.1 correspondence between time-dependent and time-independent solutions 10.2 Superposition of time-dependent solutions ... 11.3 Solutions independent of and 11.4 The hydrogen atom 11.5 Now where does the probability peak? 11.6 Spherical harmonics 11.7 General solutions Email Niels.Walet@umist.ac.uk

69. Basic Concepts Of Neorelativistic Mechanics A bridge leading from deterministic neorelativistic mechanics into quantum mechanics by A.A. Derkachov. http://www.geocities.com/derkachov/

Summary on the Basic Concepts of Neorelativistic Mechanics Derkachov A.A., Ph.D About author and his book The article You can download whole article in MS Word'97 format. Click here If You have any questions, suggestions or comments about my book, please don't aderkach@reebok.ru hesitate e-mail me: You are visitor # since 25-Dec-2000

70. Quantum Mechanics I quantum mechanics I. Pictures of pioneers in quantum mechanics; Visual quantummechanics A very good source for a discussion of QM on a first year level. http://walet.phy.umist.ac.uk/QM/

Quantum Mechanics I This web page contains links to information relating to the course quantum mechanics I. In the future I shall add links to example sheets, as well as other QM related information. Some external information related to QM Pictures of pioneers in quantum mechanics Visual quantum mechanics A very good source for a discussion of QM on a first year level. Time development of quantum mechanical systems Very interesting simulations! Some documents related to the course Lecture notes or a BIG postscript file. Example sheets Handouts Homework No. 2 due 27/11/98! Previous exams Mathematica material Summary of lectures last years summary You can also view an incomplete set of my lecture notes . This requires a browser that handles HTML 3.2 files. If you would like to ask questions, make suggestions, point out omisssions: I am always prepared to talk to you in person. Give me a call at 3693, or stop by my office (H9/4). You can also send me email at Niels.Walet@umist.ac.uk

71. KryssTal : An Introduction To Quantum Mechanics An Introduction to quantum mechanics. A beginners' (nonmathematical)guide to the strange world of the atom. Part Two - quantum mechanics. http://www.krysstal.com/quantum.html

An Introduction to Quantum Mechanics A beginners' (non-mathematical) guide to the strange world of the atom Part One - The Story of The Atom In the essay on Relativity , I stated that the Theory of Relativity was one of the two most important ideas of 20th Century science. Relativity is a deviation from Newtonian Mechanics (also known as common sense!). The deviations were not discovered until this Century because they are only noticeable at high speeds and under very intense gravitational fields. There is another 20th Century idea that also violates Newtonian Mechanics. This is called Quantum Mechanics. In this essay I will give a taste of the strange and fascinating world of the atom. I will try to keep it general and simple because these ideas are even more weird than Relativity (if that is possible). The Ancient Greeks proposed that matter could not be divided indefinitely. They speculated that matter was made up of units called atoms . The word comes from a Greek word meaning single item or portion . They assumed that atoms were solid, different characteristics of substances being determined by the different shapes that atoms had. This atomic idea never really became popular.

72. Climate Dynamics,Chaos And Quantum Mechanics A general systems theory for chaos, quantum mechanics and climate dynamics applicable to dynamical systems of all spacetime scales. http://www.geocities.com/amselvam

MIRROR SITE http://members.tripod.com/~amselvam: A General Systems Theory of Everything from Chaos, Quantum Mechanics and Gravity Applicable to Dynamical Systems of all Space-Time Scales from Subatomic Dynamics of Quantum Systems to Macro-Scale Fluid Flows who are the visitors? View Page Stats See who's visiting this page. Updated on 12 November 2002 Visits Sign Guestbook View Guestbook Fractals: The beautiful complex patterns generated by simple iterative computations: Some examples A hierarchy of selfsimilar structures: The large scale is a magnified version of the small scale. A Theory of Everything for Chaos,Quantum Mechanics and Gravity, Applicable to Macroscale Weather Patterns A superstring theory for atmospheric flow dynamics? For a brief summary GO TO Universal quantification for self-organized criticality in atmospheric flows and CHAOS, QUANTUMLIKE MECHANICS AND NON-LOCALITY IN ATMOSPHERIC FLOWS For detailed theory GO TO Table of Contents A Superstring Theory for Fractal Spacetime,Chaos and Quantumlike Mechanics in Atmospheric Flows by A.M.SELVAM and SUVARNA FADNAVIS

73. Measurement In Quantum Mechanics FAQ A series of articles which outline the different interpretations of quantum mechanics.Category Science Physics quantum mechanics Interpretations......Measurement in quantum mechanics FAQ. by Paul Budnik. 7. Bohm's theory. 8. The TransactionalInterpretation of quantum mechanics. 9. Complex probabilities. 10. http://www.geocities.com/capecanaveral/hangar/6929/meas-qm.html

Measurement in quantum mechanics FAQ by Paul Budnik This FAQ describes the measurement problem in QM and approaches to its solution. About this FAQ The measurement problem Schrodinger's cat The Copenhagen interpretation ... Is this a real FAQ?

74. Buch Viki quantum mechanics of highly anharmonic, weakly bound systems; theoretical studies of adsorbates on ice surfaces. http://www.fh.huji.ac.il/members/Buch/

Professor Victoria Buch 972-2-6513742 (Fax) Department of Physical Chemistry, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel GENERAL RESEARCH INTERESTS: Quantum-mechanical and classical simulations of many body systems. Structure and dynamics of weakly bonded clusters, particles and solids. Properties of ice and ice-adsorbate systems. Vibrational properties and spectra of condensed phases. MAJOR CURRENT RESEARCH PROJECTS: Methods for study of strongly anharmonic quantum systems: Diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) and Variational Wave Packets: Well established methods (molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo) are available for modeling of molecular systems in the framework of classical mechanics. However typical molecular systems are not characterized by a de Broglie wave length which is short compared to range of variation of intermolecular potential. And the size of vibrational quanta may be large compared to (kT), particularly in hydrogen-containing systems. Development of methods to treat strongly anharmonic systems such as liquids and floppy clusters is an important challenge for computational chemistry. One approach adopted and developed within the group is Diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC). A rigid body version of DMC (RBDMC) was developed to treat molecular clusters. Currently, the use of RBDMC is explored as a structure optimization tool. Variational Wave Packets are a tool of choice to investigate time-dependent phenomena. Recent representative publications Computational studies of ice, icy particles, icy surfaces, and their interactions with adsorbates:

75. New Page 1 quantum mechanics and consciousness http://www.categoricalanalysis.com/StappWeb.html

The following writings by Henry P. Stapp which appear in Postscript .ps format on his web page and which therefore can only be viewed on UNIX operating systems ) have been converted to Adobe .pdf format which are viewable on Windows operating systems ) and are available for viewing and/or download. Reply to Abner Shimony (Amer. J. Phys.) LBNL 46870 (March 6, 2001). ABSTRACT: The question raised by Shimony and Stein is examined and used to explain in more detail a key point of my proof that any theory that conforms to certain general ideas of orthodox relativistic quantum field theory must permit transfers of information over spacelike intervals. It is also explained why this result is not a problem for relativistic quantum theory, but, on the contrary, opens the door to a satisfactory realistic relativistic quantum theory based on the ideas of Tomonaga, Schwinger, and von Neumann. PDF file Von Neumann's Formulation of Quantum Theory and the Role of Mind in Nature. (LBNL44712 Jan 12, 2001) (Submitted to Proc. Roy. Soc. on Jan 12, 2001) ABSTRACT: PDF file The Importance of Quantum Decoherence for Brain Processes.

76. New Scientist | Guide To The Quantum World Paul Davies offers you a guided tour of the quantum ether 3 Nov 01.Can a Grand Unified Theory come out of quantum mechanics alone? http://www.newscientist.com/hottopics/quantum/

"Do not take the lecture too seriously . . . just relax and enjoy it. I am going to tell you what nature behaves like. If you will simply admit that maybe she does behave like this, you will find her a delightful, entrancing thing. Do not keep saying to yourself "But how can it be like that?" because you will get...into a blind alley from which nobody has yet escaped. Nobody knows how it can be like that." This was Richard Feynman, speaking about quantum theory. It pays to take his warning seriously. By the time you finish this section of the site, you will understand the most extraordinary implications of a truly extraordinary theory. But if you try to picture it in familiar ways you will come hopelessly unstuck. The quantum world really is different, and the only way to come to grips with it is to suspend disbelief. So open your mind and become a genius in your own lunchtime Subscribe to New Scientist NEW SCIENTIST'S GUIDE TO THE QUANTUM WORLD LATEST ON THE QUANTUM WORLD Triple electron entanglement boosts quantum computing A new semiconductor-based technique for entangling multiple electrons marks a significant step forward 28 Feb 03 Long distance quantum teleportation draws closer Until now, verifying the transmission of information required the quantum link itself to be destroyed, preventing any further use

77. God And Science Commentary on Darwin, Marx, Freud, Tillich, Chardin, creationism, evolution, quantum mechanics from Charles Henderson's book. Most of the chapters are available online. http://www.crosscurrents.org/godand.htm

Introduction Chapter 3: Charles Darwin The Origins of Doubt and the Rebirth of Praise ... Age of Science God and Science The Hypertext Edition The first edition of God and Science was published in 1986 by John Knox Press. It will appear here in a hypertext format, revised and expanded to encompass more recent developments in both science and theology. In addition, the hypertext edition will be enhanced by graphics, illustrations, and links to websites that will give the reader additional resources to deepen understanding of major themes, names and topics mentioned in the book. As one reviewer wrote about the book, "I could envision myself trying to design a course (around it). ... I think the book has high educational value. I enjoyed reading it to the point that I almost couldn't stop once I had started." (Harry W. Ellis Professor of Physics). I believe that the Internet enhances both the educational value and the enjoyment that may be found in this work. If you'd like to be informed of additional chapters as they appear at this site, or would like to join in conversation both online and in realtime about the topics covered within these pages, please use the Mail Drop below to indicate your interest. Charles Henderson, Executive Director

78. Is Quantum Mechanics Relevant To Understanding Consciousness?:A Review Of "Shado Is quantum mechanics Relevant To Understanding Consciousness? Stapp, HP (1993).Mind, Matter and quantum mechanics. Berlin SpringerVerlag. http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/v2/psyche-2-03-klein.html

Roger Penrose's book Shadows of the Mind may be purchased from Amazon.Com Is Quantum Mechanics Relevant To Understanding Consciousness? A Review of Shadows of the Mind by Roger Penrose Stanley A. Klein Department of Vision Sciences University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 USA klein@adage.berkeley.edu PSYCHE, 2(3), April 1995 http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/v2/psyche-2-03-klein.html KEYWORDS: consciousness, duality, Libet, metaphysics, Penrose, quantum mechanics, reductionism. REVIEW OF: Roger Penrose (1994) Shadows of the Mind . New York: Oxford University Press. 457 pp. Price: $US 25 hbk. ISBN 0-19-853978- 9. 1. Introduction 1.1 The present essay explores three issues raised by Penrose in Shadows of the Mind (abbreviated Shadows from here on): (1) is classical (non-quantum) science incapable of understanding brain operation?; (2) are long-range quantum effects able to produce measurable changes in neural activity?; (3) why have so many researchers proposed a strong connection between quantum mechanics and consciousness? In connection with this third topic, I will argue that although Penrose is probably wrong about the physics of quantum mechanics being relevant to the (third person) neural correlates of awareness, the metaphysics of quantum mechanics may be essential to understanding the (first person) subjective nature of consciousness. In Penrose's approach these two aspects become inseparably intertwined, adding confusion to an already murky area. 2. The Presumed Deficiencies Of Classical Mechanics

79. Guided Readings In Elementary Quantum Mechanics Contains guided readings in Advanced Physical Chemistry and Theoretical Chemistry, specifically, quantum mechanics and Statistical Mechanics, with an emphasis on chemical applications. Notice that Guided Reading means what it says, you can not simply read the material contained in this site, you must answer questions about the material as you proceed. These notes allow persons to review/carry out the algebra and calculus for standard quantum mechanical problems. http://www.sp.uconn.edu/~ch351vc/

Physical Chemistry 351 at the University of Connecticut This site contains readings in Advanced Physical Chemistry and Theoretical Chemistry, specifically, Quantum Mechanics and Statistical Mechanics, with an emphasis on chemical applications. Notice that Guided Reading means what it says, you can not simply read the material contained in this site, you must answer questions about the material as you proceed. Be forewarned that I monitor your reading progress. To use the site, please sign in (below). Note, Guests are Welcome sign in HERE! Students enrolled in this class should not use this page to access the material, but instead should sign in properly, since their work is monitored. Others can choose to log in or not, as they see fit, but I would prefer that you log in and register, so that I can keep track of who is using these materials. Thanks. Here is an interesting primer on quantum mechanics which is worth looking at: Primer These are a dsp orbital (hybrid) shown in CountourPlot3D format and Countour form.; Advanced Physical Chemistry (including Quantum Mechanics and Statistical Mechanics, with pointers to Elementary Physical Chemistry (Main Menu)

80. Selected Papers On Geometric Algebra In Quantum Mechanics These papers analyze the quantum mechanical Dirac theory of the electron with respect to its geometric Category Science Physics quantum mechanics Relativistic......Selected Papers on. Geometric Algebra in quantum mechanics. American Instituteof Physics. 6 Spin and uncertainty in the interpretation of quantum mechanics. http://modelingnts.la.asu.edu/html/GAinQM.html

Selected Papers on Geometric Algebra in Quantum Mechanics Preface . These papers analyze the quantum mechanical Dirac theory of the electron with respect to its geometric structure as revealed by reformulation in terms of Spacetime Algebra. The main result is that the Dirac wave function psi can be decomposed into the invariant operator form while the unit imaginary in the Dirac equation is necessarily identified with electron spin. This striking result was first derived [1] from a formulation in the book STA, which, incidentally, already showed that imaginary scalars are superfluous in the Dirac theory. Alternative derivations more directly related to the standard matrix formulation are given in [3] and an appendix to [2]. The method employed in [2] makes it transparently clear that the socalled "Fierz identities for bilinear covariants" are trivial consequences of the above invariant form for the wave function. Paper [2] provides a compact and complete formulation and analysis of local conservation laws in the one-particle Dirac theory. Comparable derivations by standard matrix and tensor methods are nearly ten times longer, as can be seen in the work of Takabayashi referenced in [2]. An analogous treatment of local conservation laws in Schroedinger's theory plays an essential role in the Bohmian interpretation of quantum mechanics. Paper [2] makes explicit the complications of extending Bohm's approach to relativistic QM. The nonrelativistic treatment of local conservation laws including spin is given in [5] and further discussed in [6]. The main message of these papers is that

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