21. Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Fellowship Program Fellowship awardees must attend a university designated as a participating universityin the Office of Civilian radioactive waste Management Fellowship program http://www.orau.gov/orise/edu/DOE/gi-gCRWM.htm

Administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Description: opportunities to participate in fellowships for graduate work in fields related to the management of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive wastes; application is usually made before or during the first year of graduate school Discipline(s): earth sciences, engineering, materials science, radiation sciences Eligibility: master's or doctoral students Participating universities : Fellowship awardees must attend a university designated as a participating university in the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Fellowship program. If you are a student wanting to apply to the OCRWM program and the university you are attending isn’t a Participating University (see application for list of participating universities), please contact your advisor (or someone within the department) about having the university apply for participation status. For your convenience, we have attached a downloadable University Application. If you are a faculty member wanting to apply for participation status for your university, please click on the downloadable University Application Location(s): participating universities; practicum at various U.S. Department of Energy research facilities

22. Civilian Radioactive Waste Management HBCU Undergrad Scholarship for students from Historically Black Colleges and Universities pursuing degreesin areas related to the Office of Civilian radioactive waste Management. http://www.orau.gov/orise/edu/DOE/gi-ugOCRWM.htm

Administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Description : provides scholarships and practicum experiences for students from Historically Black Colleges and Universities pursuing degrees in areas related to the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Discipline(s): science, math, engineering, engineering technology, social sciences Eligibility: juniors and seniors at Historically Black Colleges and Universities Location(s): Historically Black Colleges and Universities; practicums are at U.S. Department of Energy sites conducting activities for the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM) Duration: two years Frequency: annually Awards made: Deadline(s): January Benefits: tuition and fees paid ($8,000 maximum); monthly stipend of $600 Funding source(s): U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Contact(s): Program Manager Colleen Babcock babcockc@orau.gov Program Specialist Rose Etta Cox coxre@orau.gov How to Apply Other Educational Opportunities ORISE Home Page

23. Radioactive Waste Mammography. radioactive waste. Radon. What is Radon? Nuclear Power Plants. LowLevelradioactive waste. Midwest Compact Commission. General Administrative. http://www.state.il.us/idns/htmls/publications/radioactive.htm

24. Llrw Rules And Regs LowLevel radioactive waste Rules and Regulations. Listed lawyer. LICENSINGREQUIREMENTS FOR LAND DISPOSAL OF radioactive waste (32 Ill. Adm. http://www.state.il.us/idns/htmls/legal/regulations/llw.htm

25. Chornobyl Center For Nuclear Safety, Radioactive Waste And Agency responsible for developing safety programs for Ukrainian nuclear power plants, addressing nuclear Category Science Technology Chernobyl Accident......Chornobyl Center for Nuclear Safety, radioactive waste and Radioecology.On April 26, 1996, the 10th anniversary of the Chornobyl http://www.chornobyl.org/

26. EHC's Radioactive Waste Programs Radiation and radioactive waste. The National LowLevel RadioactiveWaste http//www.nsc.org/public/ehc/rad/lowleve.pdf. During the http://www.nsc.org/ehc/rad.htm

Radiation and Radioactive Waste The National Safety Council's Environmental Health Center (EHC) conducts a variety of outreach and education activities on radiation. These efforts are supported by grants from federal agencies: Understanding Radiation in Our World http://www.nsc.org/ehc/rad/radbroch.htm (The kit is currently out of stock, but copies of the guidebook are available) We benefit from many uses of radiation but it can also pose serious health risks, leading to two major questions: How big a risk does radiation pose to our families, our environment, and to future generations? What should individuals and society do to ensure that the benefits of radiation are not outweighed by the risks? The National Safety Council’s Environmental Health Center has created a kit to help teachers explore these questions and others with their students. The new kit is available FREE to high school teachers to help educate students about radiation and risk. Single copies of the guidebook Understanding Radiation in Our World are also available free to the general public in the United States.

27. IEER On-Line Classroom: Classifications Of Nuclear Waste IEER Classifications of radioactive waste. What's high? What's low? Some Classificationsof radioactive waste. Category of radioactive waste, Definition. http://www.ieer.org/clssroom/r-waste.html

IEER Classifications of Radioactive Waste What's high? What's low? How are classifications decided? For more information on radioactive waste, a critique of current policies, and suggestions for an alternative approach to radioactive waste management, see IEER's publication: High-Level Dollars Low-Level Sense on our publications page. Radioactive Waste: In general, radioactive waste classes are based on the waste's origin, not on the physical and chemical properties of the waste that could determine its safe management. Other categories of radioactive waste not listed here include mixed waste and NARM wastes (Naturally-Occurring and Accelerator-Produced Radioactive Materials). One common factor for all categories of nuclear waste is the presence of at least some amount of long-lived radionuclides. Some Classifications of Radioactive Waste Category of Radioactive Waste Definition High-Level Waste (HLW) Spent Fuel: irradiated commercial reactor fuel Reprocessing Waste: liquid waste from solvent extraction cycles in reprocessing. Also the solids into which liquid wastes may have been converted. NOTE: The Department of Energy defines HLW as reprocessing waste only, while the Nuclear Regulatory Commission defines HLW as spent fuel and reprocessing waste.

28. Energy Resources Branch | Uranium And Radioactive Waste Division The Nuclear Energy Division and the Uranium and radioactive waste Divisionare part of the Energy Sector of Natural Resources Canada. http://www2.nrcan.gc.ca/es/erb/english/View.asp?x=17

29. Practice Periodical Of Hazardous, Toxic & Radioactice Waste Management The Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and radioactive waste Management publishesarticles relating to the allied engineering and scientific disciplines http://www.pubs.asce.org/journals/hz.html

ASCE Publications Home Page ] [ Online Issues: Browse Search Document Store Subscription Information ... Exit Editor-in-Chief: Rao Y. Surampalli, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Frequency: Quarterly Table of Contents: Current Issues Associate Editors: Ahmad Basil Al-Yousfi , United Nations Environment Program Alok Bhandari , Kansas State University Ni-Bin Chang, Joseph A. Drago , Kennedy/Jenko Consultants Chih-Ming Kao , National Sun Yat-Sen University Sree Krishnan Indian Institute of Technology Irene M. C. Lo , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Yoshihiko Matsui , Gifu University Jay N. Meegoda , New Jersey Institute of Technology Say Kee Ong , Iowa State University Say Leong Ong, National University of Singapore John N. Veenstra, Oklahoma State University Robert C. Williams The Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management publishes articles relating to the allied engineering and scientific disciplines involved in the environmental aspects of the management of hazardous, toxic, and radioactive waste (HTRW). These include the traditional areas of investigation, design, and construction and the related areas of planning, analysis, oversight, operations, regulations, and policy. This publication offers articles about practical approaches and solutions to the problems and challenges faced by practicing engineers, scientists, and government policymakers. ISSN 1090-025X Carol J. Whitlock, Past Editor

30. IAEA Bulletin 39/1 - Radioactive Waste Disposal: Global Experience And Challenge Report on existing nuclear waste disposal technology by the International Atomic Energy Agency. Discusses Category Science Technology Energy Nuclear Nuclear Waste...... 1 (March 1997). Article entitled radioactive waste disposal Global experienceand challenges. radioactive waste disposal Global experience and challenges. http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Periodicals/Bulletin/Bull391/bonne.html

Radioactive waste disposal: Global experience and challenges With extensive experience in disposal of low- and intermediate-level radioactive wastes, countries are addressing some new challenges by Kyong Won Han, Jorma Heinonen, and Arnold Bonne Since the world's first disposal of radioactive waste in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, in 1944, considerable experience has been acquired in the field. The first disposal site - intended for "actively contaminated broken glassware or materials not sufficiently clean to be used in other work" - was a simple trench filled with unconditioned waste located on the Oak Ridge site. Similar approaches were adopted by other nuclear facilities and waste generators in the United States and other countries during the early phases of nuclear power's development. Today, the world's disposal sites for low- and intermediate-level radioactive wastes (LILW) range from near-surface facilities to engineered geological repositories. More than one hundred LILW disposal facilities are, or have been, operating, and more than 42 repositories are under some stage of development in the IAEA's Member States. (See the table Accompanying the progress, a number of issues and challenges have arisen in countries pursuing radioactive waste disposal options. At the global level, the IAEA has been working to assist them in these efforts by promoting the transfer of technologies, particularly to developing countries. The work entails the collection, summary, and dissemination of updated technical information and support for co-ordinated research programmes on specific technical aspects. Within that context, this article presents an overview of international experience in land-based LILW disposal systems, and addresses the emerging issues and challenges now facing countries in this field.

31. Managing Radioactive Waste - Fact Sheet Managing radioactive waste. Uses of nuclear technology What is radioactivewaste? How much waste is being produced? What is radioactive waste? http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Periodicals/Factsheets/English/manradwa.html

Managing Radioactive Waste What is radioactive waste? How much waste is being produced? Responsible management of wastes IAEA's role in radioactive waste management Uses of Nuclear Technology For well over half a century, nuclear technologies have been contributing to a better quality of life in a wide variety of fields: Energy: Almost one-fifth of the world's electricity is supplied by nuclear power plants. In some countries, nuclear power accounts for over 50% of the supply. Medicine: Nuclear techniques are extensively used in the diagnosis and treatment of life-threatening diseases like cancer. Economic Development: Nuclear applications are enhancing the productivity of industry and agriculture worldwide, and contributing to scientific advancement in many areas. Environmental Protection: Isotopic techniques are improving the management of water resources and the biosphere, and helping to control pollution. Like many natural and human-induced processes, however, applications of atomic energy produce wastes - residues that must be handled and disposed of effectively in order to protect human health and the environment. What is radioactive waste?

32. Massachusetts Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Board Responsible for Planning and Effecting the Management of LowLevel RadioactiveWaste in Massachusetts. Low-Level radioactive waste Management Board. http://www.state.ma.us/llrw/

THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Board "Responsible for Planning and Effecting the Management of Low-Level Radioactive Waste in Massachusetts" Management Board Mission Statement LLRW Management Board Members Nine members comprise the Management Board. Two are statutorily defined to be the secretaries of the Executive Office of Environmental Affairs and the Executive Office of Health and Human Services . The others seven Board members are gubernatorial appointees, who are charged by state law to use their professional experiences in business management, engineering, radiological health, environmental protection, and public administration, as they act "in the public interest." [ M.G.L.c.111H, sec.2 State law requires that, in selecting each member of the Management Board, the Governor must choose from "at least three nominations" from "appropriate organizations." Each nomination must come from "organizations with statewide membership that have demonstrated an interest" in the various professional areas necessary to fill the Board (i.e. , radiological health, environmental protection, etc.). Name and Area of Expertise Regina McCarthy, Designee to the Secretary of the Executive Office of Environmental Affairs, Chairman

33. INEEL's Radioactive Waste Management Complex INEEL Facilities radioactive waste Management Complex Background Cleanup Status. Transuranicwaste contains radioactive elements heavier than uranium. http://www.inel.gov/facilities/rwmc.shtml

Security/Privacy HOME A-Z Index Staff Directory ... Jobs Saturday March 22, 2003 Facility Summaries TAN - Background Cleanup Status TRA - Background ... Cleanup Status RWMC - Background Cleanup Status NRF - Background Current Status ANL-W - Background ... Current Status Areas outside INEEL boundaries / Snake River Plain Aquifer Cleanup Status IRC INEEL Facilities Radioactive Waste Management Complex - Background Cleanup Status RWMC is a 168-acre area located 51 miles west of Idaho Falls. Map showing locations Map showing region Established: Late 1952 Original Mission: Solid, low-level radioactive waste disposal; burial of transuranic waste and hazardous substances, such as organic and inorganic chemicals (-1970); storage of transuranic waste on a pad above ground and disposal of other waste in 20 pits, 58 trenches and 21 soil vault rows (1970-present). Current Mission: Interim storage of transuranic waste; shipment of stored transuranic waste to WIPP for permanent disposal. FFA/CO Designation: Waste Area Group (WAG) 7 The Radioactive Waste Management Complex (RWMC) is used to manage solid transuranic waste and solid low-level radioactive waste generated in national defense and research programs. The facility also supports research and development projects dedicated to safe, environmentally responsible shallow land burial technology, waste retrieval and processing technology, and temporary storage and treatment of transuranic waste destined for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) near Carlsbad, New Mexico.

34. Welcome To LLRWMO - Low Level Radioactive Waste Management Office Operated by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) through an agreement with Natural Resources Canada Category Regional North America Science and Environment Technology......The LLRWMO (Low Level radioactive waste Management Office) addresses public informationneeds related to specific historic waste projects and to lowlevel http://www.llrwmo.org/

"Welcome to the NEW LLRWMO Web Site!!" Our site will be updated regularly and if you have any questions or comments, please contact us

35. Radioactive Waste Processing Contact information for organizations involved in nuclear waste management in Belarus.Category Regional Europe Belarus Science and Environment...... operations at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL or Pacific Northwest) havebeen instrumental in helping solve the radioactive waste problem for over http://www.pnl.gov/etd/solutions/radwaste.htm

36. Our Radioactive Waste Site radioactive waste has been a concern for the last halfcentury, however,only recently has the issue received the attention it deserves. http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~jones/tmp352/projects98/group14/home.html

Radioactive waste has been a concern for the last half-century, however, only recently has the issue received the attention it deserves. The growing awareness and the increase in stockpiles of radioactive waste has resulted in a demand for new solutions and better technologies to deal with this problem. In addition to the science and technology concerns that accompany the storage and disposal of radioactive waste, there are issues dealing with the public policy, the environment, and the economy that affect the way that the United States and other countries deal with their waste. Important Issues There are several important issues currently surrounding radioactive waste disposal. First, radioactive waste disposal is a permanent problem because the high-level waste of today will be radioactive for thousands of years. The consequences and possibilities of radioactive waste entering the environment at the present time are difficult to determine, let alone thousands of years down the road. Second, there is no undisputed large-scale technique of disposal for this high-level waste. Currently, several methods of disposal are being evaluated by the scientific community, the government and environmental groups for this waste. Third, the political implications, from both federal and state perspectives, of the disposal of radioactive waste must also be addressed when evaluating this issue. About This Site This site will provide: Information on the two basic types of radioactive waste and issues surrounding their disposal (current and proposed methods)

37. World Nuclear Association | Education | Radioactive Waste Management radioactive waste Management. Like all industries, the thermal generationof electricity produces wastes. Types of radioactive waste (radwaste). http://www.world-nuclear.org/education/wast.htm

Search Feedback Glossary Calculator ... WNA Home WNA Publications are updated regularly to serve as a comprehensive and reliable resource. The WNA can vouch for and support anything it publishes, and unreservedly offers to correct promptly anything that is shown as wrong or misleading. News Nuclear Intro Info Briefs Articles/Opinion ... Conferences Contents Energy for the World - Why Uranium ? What is Uranium? How Does It Work? The Nuclear Fuel Cycle Radioactive Waste Management ... Peaceful Atom Radioactive Waste Management Like all industries, the thermal generation of electricity produces wastes. Whatever fuel is used, these wastes must be managed in ways which safeguard human health and minimise their impact on the environment. Nuclear power is the only energy industry which takes full responsibility for all its wastes, and costs this into the product.

38. UKAEA - Waste Management UKAEA is continually uprating its facilities for the treatment and storage of radioactivewaste. LLW represents the largest proportion of radioactive waste. http://www.ukaea.org.uk/waste/

Search Site map Terms of use UKAEA is continually up-rating its facilities for the treatment and storage of radioactive waste. UKAEA policy is to minimise new arisings of radioactive waste. We assess all the options for managing our wastes to represent the best balance of environmental, safety, economic and stakeholder considerations. Radioactive wastes are classified in the following categories: High Level Waste (HLW) Highly radioactive, heat generating waste. HLW arises from the reprocessing of spent fuel. It represents a small proportion of the stored wastes Dounreay is the only UKAEA site with HLW. The strategy is to vitrify the waste in a new purpose built store on the site until a national disposal facility becomes available. Intermediate Level Waste (ILW) Intermediate radioactivity, and not heat generating. ILW arises from decommissioned reactors and research facilities There is no national disposal facility for ILW. UKAEA's policy is to condition the solid and liquid ILW for long-term safe storage until a disposal facility becomes available.

39. WP 1:1999 Measures For Securing Radioactive Waste And Spent Nuclear Fuel In Murm Bellona Foundation Working Paper on nuclear environmental concerns involving Russian nuclear materials Category Science Technology Energy Nuclear Nuclear Waste...... http://www.bellona.no/e/russia/wp99-1/

Enter focus: * Russia The Nikitin-process The Northern Fleet Current Status * Facts * The Bellona Foundation Contact us Press releases Bellona Web Norsk Russkaya Bellona English ... WP 99-1 Measures for securing radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel in Murmansk and Archangelsk counties Bellona Working Paper No. 1:99 Nils Boehmer, January 1999 Figure1. Artist impression of the treatment and storage facility for spent nuclear fuel. Preface Introduction 1. Radioactive waste in Murmansk and Archangelsk region 1.1. Kola Nuclear Power Plant ... List of abbreviations This working paper is available in Russian, English. Translators: Jennifer Hoibraaten (English) Vlad Nikiforov (Russian) Keywords: Kola Peninsula, Northern Fleet, radioactive waste, radioactive contamination, nuclear waste. On to Preface Bellona English Russia ... Russkaya Last updated: 1997-11-18 Comments will be gratefully accepted: Web technical Factual/contents bellona@bellona.no

40. 6: Radioactive Waste The volume of radioactive waste is 189 times greater when reprocessed atTHORP than it would be if the spent fuel is stored as waste on shore. http://www.bellona.no/en/energy/nuclear/sellafield/wp_5-2001/21947.html

/*Loading menu data file*/ Rus Eng Nor Working paper 5:2001: Sellafield This WP describes the history of, past discharges from and planned polution increases at nuclear fuel reprocessing plant Sellafield in England. Jump to report     About Bellona    Energy and climate change        Russia        You are here: www.bellona.no Energy Nuclear power and radioactivity Sellafield ... All about Sellafield Working paper 5:2001 Front page Contents Introduction 1:Nuclear reactors at Sellafield ... 5: Future Discharges 6: Radioactive waste 6.1: High-level liquid waste 6.2: Waste vitrification plant (WVP) 6.3: Low level waste 6.4: Transportation of nuclear waste ... References 6. Radioactive waste According to Greenpeace International, the volume of radioactive waste is 189 times greater when reprocessed at THORP than it would be if the spent fuel is stored as waste on shore. The reason for this is that all the equipment involved in reprocessing such as solutions, acid, containers, filters and the remaining machinery, becomes polluted by radioactivity. The total amount of radioactivity thus remains approximately the same as it was prior to the fuel being reprocessed; the difference is that it is mixed into different chemical and physical forms, making it thereby more difficult and more expensive to manage. 6.1. High-level liquid waste

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