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         Sonoluminescence:     more detail
  1. Sonoluminescence by F. Ronald Young, 2004-08-30
  2. Sonochemistry and Sonoluminescence (NATO Science Series C: (closed))
  3. Shock Focussing Effect in Medical Science and Sonoluminescence
  4. Sonoluminescence
  5. Optique: Sonoluminescence, Vitesse de La Lumière, Monochromatique, Récepteur Superhétérodyne, Principe Variationnel (French Edition)
  6. Sonoluminescence: An entry from Thomson Gale's <i>Gale Encyclopedia of Science, 3rd ed.</i>
  7. Acoustique: Sonoluminescence, Vitesse Du Son, Viscoanalyseur, Acoustique Musicale, Enregistrement Sonore, Enceinte, Exposimètre (French Edition)
  8. Luminescence: Fluorescence, Triboluminescence, Sonoluminescence, Optical Brightener, Electroluminescence, Cathodoluminescence
  9. Nonlinear Acoustics at the turn of the Millennium: ISNA 15, 15th International Symposium, Göttingen, Germany 1-4 September 1999 (AIP Conference Proceedings)
  10. Cavitation by F. Ronald Young, 1989-09
  11. Sonochemistry/Cavitation by MARGULIS, 1995-11-01

21. Sonoluminescence
De Montfort University
http://www.cse.dmu.ac.uk/~ake/Research/sonoluminescence.html
Centre for Modern Optics:
Research on Sonoluminescence
Allan Evans, Xin-Kai Li, Ursula Augsdorfer, David Oxley
What is sonoluminescence?
Sonoluminescence is a remarkable phenomenon where light is produced by a liquid when it is stimulated by sound waves. The mechanism involves small gas bubbles in the liquid, which expand and collapse in response to the variations in pressure caused by the sound. When a bubble collapses violently enough, light is emitted. Sonoluminescence can be produced either in 'cavitation fields' containing many bubbles (this is known as multi-bubble sonoluminescence) or by trapping a single bubble in a controlled ultrasound field. We are actively engaged in experimental and theoretical work on sonoluminescence. The picture on the left shows a bubble trapped by an ultrasound field in a glass flask, and illuminated by laser light. (The bubble is the orange dot in the centre of the flask, near the edge of the laser beam).
Shock waves
Part of the mechanism for the concentration may be a spherical shock wave which is launched by the bubble surface as it collapses. The shock converges on the centre of the bubble, becoming more intense as its energy is focussed on a point. We have analysed the stability of the spherical shape of these waves using an approximate theory of shock propagation. See A.K. Evans, Physical Review E
Deviations from spherical symmetry
Another topic of interest is the devation of sonoluminescing bubble from a spherical shape. The highly nonlinear bubble motion causes instabilities which magnify small thermal deviations. We have modelled how thermal noise influences the bubble, using a stochastic differential equation for the dynamics of modes of distortion. The results of simulations show excellent agreement with experimental results (U.H. Augsdorfer, A.K. Evans and D.P. Oxley: Physical Review

22. SONOLUMINESCENCE LINKS
For a page which is being actively maintained, but covers only review papers, see the Net Advance sonoluminescence Page.
http://web.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/user/r/e/redingtn/www/netadv/sl.html
The Net Advance of Physics: SONOLUMINESCENCE RESEARCH
NOTE: Due to lack of time, this page is not being updated. For a page which is being actively maintained, but covers only review papers, see the Net Advance Sonoluminescence Page. General Empirical Apparatus ... Quantum Electrodynamic Theories GENERAL: EMPIRICAL:

23. Sonoluminescence At TU Darmstadt
sonoluminescence We do quite a lot of experimental and numerical work aboutsingle bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL). Boosting sonoluminescence.
http://www.physik.tu-darmstadt.de/nlp/sl/

24. Robert Mettin Cavitation And Sonoluminescence
R. Mettin and J Holzfuss, Optimierte akustische Anregung der Sonolumineszenz(Optimized acoustic excitation of sonoluminescence) , in Fortschritte der
http://www.physik3.gwdg.de/~robert/cav.html
This page is still in preparation and will hopefully grow a little in the future! See the papers: R. Mettin, J. Holzfuss, and W. Lauterborn,
Optimierte Anregung von Kavitationsblasen durch anharmonische Ultraschallsignale
(Optimized excitation of cavitation bubbles by anharmonic sound signals)
in: Fortschritte der Akustik - DAGA 95 , Hrsg. W. Arnold und S. Hirsekorn,
pp. 1147-1150 (1995). R. Mettin and J Holzfuss,
Optimierte akustische Anregung der Sonolumineszenz
(Optimized acoustic excitation of sonoluminescence)
in: Fortschritte der Akustik - DAGA 96 , Hrsg. T. Porterle und W. Hess,
Oldenburg: DEGA e.V., pp. 420-421 (1996). I. Akhatov, R. Mettin, C.D. Ohl, U. Parlitz, and W. Lauterborn,
Bjerknes force threshold for stable single bubble sonoluminscence
Phys. Rev. E R. Mettin, C.D. Ohl, U. Parlitz, I. Akhatov, and W. Lauterborn, (Bjerknes forces in strong sound fields) in: Fortschritte der Akustik - DAGA 97 , Hrsg. P. Wille, DEGA Oldenburg (1997), pp. 331-332. R. Mettin, C.D. Ohl, and W. Lauterborn, Modellierung der Strukturbildung bei akustischer Kavitation (Modelling of structure formation in acoustic cavitation) in: Fortschritte der Akustik - DAGA 97 , Hrsg. P. Wille

25. Symposium On Sonoluminescence
University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois
http://mrsec.uchicago.edu/MRSEC/meetings/sonoluminescence/
We're sorry, but the page you are looking for has moved.
Please update your bookmarks. You can probably find your page here: http://mrsec.uchicago.edu/meetings/sonoluminescence/index.html

26. Latest Research Results In Sonoluminescence
Latest Research Results in sonoluminescence. University of light. Thisphenomenon is called single bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL). Two
http://www.tn.utwente.nl/wsl/research/sonoluminescence/resonoluminescence.html
Latest Research Results in Sonoluminescence
University of Twente
Department of Applied Physics
Project leader: Detlef Lohse
Title of Project: Sonoluminescence
Participants in the project:
  • Detlef Lohse Andrea Prosperetti Gerrit de Bruin Michel Versluis Sascha Hilgenfeldt (Univ. of Marburg, now Harvard Univ.) Ruediger Toegel

Contents:
Single trapped and sound driven gas bubbles in water can emit light.
This phenomenon is called single bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL).
Two questions arise:
  • When does this phenomenon occur, i.e., what is the phase
    space of SBSL? What is the light emitting mechanism?
    • Question I can be answered along a hydrodynamical/chemical approach which we elaborated in the recent years: For SBSL to occur, the bubble collapse has to be violent enough to ensure energy transfer from the fluid to the gas in the bubble and strong enough heating of the gas inside the bubble. Moreover, three kinds of instabilities have to be considered:
  • The bubble has to be shape stable. Diffusive stability to distinguish between unstable and stable SBSL. Chemical stability, i.e., molecular gases dissociate, react to water soluble gases

    • 27. Christopher Petersen's Page
    Chris Petersen (University of California Santa Barbara)
    http://members.aol.com/cpeter2001/science2/index.htm
    Sonoluminescence, Quotes and Links~
    Hello, my name is Chris Petersen. I am a Physics major at the University of California Santa Barbara and no longer at Shasta College in Redding, CA. While at Shasta College I completed an independent study on single bubble Sonoluminescence (SBSL). Under Tom Masulis and Joe Polen, Douglas Manning and I were successful in making Sonoluminescence.
    This is an incredible phenomenon where sound can be converted into light!
    Sonoluminescence was discovered by accident (like most applications in science) in the early 1930's by a pair of German Physicists @ the University of Cologne. It hasn't been until the last ten years that theorists and researchers have really given sonoluminescence an audience. The leading work has being done by Seth J. Putterman, Robert A. Hiller and Bradley P. Barber at UCLA. While this group has published many papers on sonoluminescence the most popular of their papers can be found in Scientific American Feb. 1995 Vol.272.
    The phenomenon of single bubble sonoluminescence can be produced as a table top physics project. From 100 to 200 dollars one can make sonoluminescence. To make SBSL (Single Bubble Sonoluminescence) one has to have a bubble (of plain air) surrounded by water in a spherical flask and then bombarded by high frequency sound waves. This causes the bubble to contract and as this happens something very spectacular happens! The bubble starts emitting light. Light, as in photons are being emitted from this bubble of air (now plasma) that is under contraction. I hope that you are as amazed as I was the first time I learned of this effect (that is if you are not already looking for info on SL).

    28. SONOLUMINESCENCE LINKS
    sonoluminescence RESEARCH. For a page which is being actively maintained, butcovers only review papers, see the Net Advance sonoluminescence Page.
    http://web.mit.edu/redingtn/www/netadv/sl.html
    The Net Advance of Physics: SONOLUMINESCENCE RESEARCH
    NOTE: Due to lack of time, this page is not being updated. For a page which is being actively maintained, but covers only review papers, see the Net Advance Sonoluminescence Page. General Empirical Apparatus ... Quantum Electrodynamic Theories GENERAL: EMPIRICAL:

    29. The Effect Of Anomalous Mass Flux On Expansion Ratio And Light Emission Ratio In
    D. Felipe Gaitan National Center for Physical Acoustics, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 R. Glynn Holt Boston University, Dept. of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Boston, MA 02215
    http://home.olemiss.edu/~gaitan/html/recent_paper.html
    The Effect of Anomalous Mass Flux on
    Expansion Ratio and Light Emission Ratio
    In Single-Bubble Sonoluminescence D. Felipe Gaitan National Center for Physical Acoustics, University of Mississippi, Univesity, MS 38677 R. Glynn Holt Boston University, Dept. of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Boston, MA 02215 Abstract
    Mass Flux stability
    Bubble Response and the Threshold for light emission
    Dependency of light intensity on the mechanical response     ... Top Abstract Single bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) in an air-water system has been shown to occur along a unique surface in the parameter space, constrained by the requirements of shape and mass flux stability. In this paper, we show that diffusive dynamics apparently governs the mass flux stability. We present measurements of the expansion ratio for bubbles near the threshold for light emission. The results suggest that bubble radial response is an insufficient criterion for the onset of light emission, and we present evidence for the dependence of the emitted light on bubble dynamics. [PACS: 43.25.Y,47.55.Bx,42.65.Re,47.52.+j] The Effect of Anomalous Mass Flux on Expansion Ratio and Light Emission In Single-Bubble Sonoluminescence Single bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) is a phenomenon in which an acoustically levitated bubble is made to oscillate so violently that pulses of light are emitted at the time of collapse (1). As described in a previous paper (2), SBSL occurs in a small window of the acoustic pressure-ambient radius (Pa, R0) (3) parameter space. In that article, SBSL was defined such that 1) the bubble remains spherically symmetric (except perhaps temporarily during the final stages of the collapse (4)) and 2) the ambient radius (R0) does not change significantly during time scales of millions of cycles. Also, it was shown how degassing the host fluid for obtaining SBSL (dissolved air concentrations Ci / C0 ¾ 0.50 in water, where Ci is the concentration far from the bubble, and C0 is the saturation concentration at ambient temperature and pressure) constrains the path of stable bubble oscillations to a series of points in a V-shaped curve with its vertex toward the left (

    30. Sonoluminescence Active Waveform Control
    Two kinds of closed loop feedback control are proposed for modifying the acousticexcitation that gives rise to the phenomenon of sonoluminescence (SL).
    http://www.wdv.com/Notebook/Sono/AWC.html

    31. Sonoluminescence Experiment: Sound Into Light
    W.A. Steer's account of his work to construct apparatus to enable the observation of sonoluminescence, to investigate its basic properties, and leave a kit and instructions to form the basis of a future finalyear undergraduate experiment.
    http://www.techmind.org/sl/
    by W.A. Steer  PhD
    About...     Sonoluminescence is a little-understood phenomenon whereby light is emitted by tiny bubbles suspended in a liquid subjected to intense acoustic fields. The aim of this work was to construct apparatus to enable the observation of sonoluminescence, to investigate its basic properties, and leave a kit and instructions to form the basis of a future final-year undergraduate experiment. It was found that despite the apparent simplicity of the setup, to obtain successful and repeatable sonoluminescence required great care in the selection and tuning of system components, and a good degree of patience. The widely-reported increase in bubble brightness at low temperatures was readily confirmed, and a simple Mie scattering arrangement configured to monitor the bubble size gave results consistent with those already published.
    Contents
    • Introduction Detailed Method
      Introduction
      Sonoluminescence was first observed in an ultrasonic water bath in 1934 by H. Frenzel and H. Schultes at the University of Cologne, an indirect result of wartime research in marine acoustic radar. This early work involved very strong ultrasonic fields and yielded clouds of unpredictable and non-synchronous flashing bubbles, now termed "multi-bubble sonoluminescence". Such a chaotic phenomenon did not lend itself to detailed scientific investigation. Study of sonoluminescence then made little progress until 1988, when D. Felipe Gaitan succeeded in trapping a stable sonoluminescing bubble at the centre of a flask energised at its acoustic resonance - single-bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL). However their interest soon waned, and the research was subsequently taken up by Dr S. Putterman et. al., at UCLA, California.

    32. Plasma-Material Interaction Group
    sonoluminescence Overview and Future Applications. Introduction. The brilliant blueglow in the picture above is one of many examples of sonoluminescence.
    http://starfire.ne.uiuc.edu/~ne201/1995/levinson/sonolum.html
    Quick Links Advisor Objective Research Areas University Courses ... Webmaster
    Sonoluminescence Overview and Future Applications
    Introduction
    The brilliant blue glow in the picture above is one of many examples of sonoluminescence. The scientific-sounding word basically translates to "sound into light." The idea is very simplea small bubble, surrounded by some liquid, is bombarded with sound. Due to the high energies now in the bubble, it starts to luminesce, or produce light. When researchers first discovered this phenomenon, they called it sonoluminescence While sonoluminescence was first discovered in the 1930's, it received little attention until recently. In the past few years, a number of discoveries have been made, opening up even more mysteries. While most people have heard nothing about sonoluminescence, it has great potential in many scientific areas. High on the list for many researchers is its applications to fusion , since it is predicted that as sound bombards a bubble, the temperatures can get so hot as to allow fusion to occur within the bubble. Accordingly, there is some exciting research going on in this new field, and, according to Science , it is "a remarkable laboratory for physics and chemistry." [

    33. Sonoluminescence Experiment: Sound Into Light
    Detailed explanation of how I configured apparatus for the observation of sonoluminescence. Preparationof a flask for use as a sonoluminescence vessel.
    http://www.techmind.org/sl/sono.html
    by W.A. Steer  PhD
    About...     Sonoluminescence is a little-understood phenomenon whereby light is emitted by tiny bubbles suspended in a liquid subjected to intense acoustic fields. The aim of this work was to construct apparatus to enable the observation of sonoluminescence, to investigate its basic properties, and leave a kit and instructions to form the basis of a future final-year undergraduate experiment. It was found that despite the apparent simplicity of the setup, to obtain successful and repeatable sonoluminescence required great care in the selection and tuning of system components, and a good degree of patience. The widely-reported increase in bubble brightness at low temperatures was readily confirmed, and a simple Mie scattering arrangement configured to monitor the bubble size gave results consistent with those already published.
    Contents
    • Introduction Detailed Method
      Introduction
      Sonoluminescence was first observed in an ultrasonic water bath in 1934 by H. Frenzel and H. Schultes at the University of Cologne, an indirect result of wartime research in marine acoustic radar. This early work involved very strong ultrasonic fields and yielded clouds of unpredictable and non-synchronous flashing bubbles, now termed "multi-bubble sonoluminescence". Such a chaotic phenomenon did not lend itself to detailed scientific investigation. Study of sonoluminescence then made little progress until 1988, when D. Felipe Gaitan succeeded in trapping a stable sonoluminescing bubble at the centre of a flask energised at its acoustic resonance - single-bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL). However their interest soon waned, and the research was subsequently taken up by Dr S. Putterman et. al., at UCLA, California.

    34. [hep-th/9901011] The Casimir Effect: Physical Manifestations Of Zero Point Energ
    Kimball A. Milton High Energy Physics Theory, abstract (hep-th/9901011) Is there a connection between the Casimir effect and the phenomenon of sonoluminescence?
    http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/hep-th/9901011
    High Energy Physics - Theory, abstract
    hep-th/9901011
    The Casimir Effect: Physical Manifestations of Zero Point Energy
    Authors: Kimball A. Milton
    Comments: 55 pages, 4 ps figures, Invited Lectures at 17th Symposium on Theoretical Physics, Seoul National University, Korea, June 29-July 1, 1998
    Report-no: OKHEP-99-01
    Zero-point fluctuations in quantum fields give rise to observable forces between material bodies, the so-called Casimir forces. In these lectures I present the theory of the Casimir effect, primarily formulated in terms of Green's functions. There is an intimate relation between the Casimir effect and van der Waals forces. Applications to conductors and dielectric bodies of various shapes will be given for the cases of scalar, electromagnetic, and fermionic fields. The dimensional dependence of the effect will be described. Finally, we ask the question: Is there a connection between the Casimir effect and the phenomenon of sonoluminescence?
    Full-text: PostScript PDF , or Other formats
    References and citations for this submission:
    SLAC-SPIRES HEP     (refers to , cited

    35. PhysicsWeb - Sound Waves Size Up Sonoluminescence
    Sound waves size up sonoluminescence 5 February 2002. When a gasbubble trapped in a liquid is destroyed by a sound wave, it can
    http://physicsweb.org/article/news/6/2/3

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    Previous News for February 2002 Next Sound waves size up sonoluminescence
    5 February 2002 et al Phys. Rev. Lett.
    Sound check         The pressure variations of a sound wave can make a gas bubble in a liquid periodically shrink and grow. At certain temperatures and pressures, the bubble may implode to generate a huge pulse of energy, which leads to the emission of photons. Many physicists believe that the gas inside the collapsing bubble is rapidly compressed and becomes so hot - typically 20 000 to 30 000 kelvin - that it becomes a plasma. Most studies of sonoluminescence have focused on the effect of adjusting the pressure on the gas bubble - that is, using different frequencies and intensities of sound waves. But these experiments have been hampered by the narrow range of conditions under which sonoluminescence will take place. According to Fink and co-workers, their technique overcomes these limitations. They filled a spherical glass cell with water and trapped an air bubble by focusing a 28 kHz standing wave onto it. This caused the bubble to oscillate in size between 5 and 50 micrometres in radius. Just as the bubble was about to collapse, the team switched on eight 700 kHz generators that were evenly spaced around the cell. These signals interfered constructively with the lower-frequency waves and made the bubble collapse more quickly, emitting nearly twice as much light as it did without them.

    36. PhysicsWeb - New Light On Sonoluminescence
    New light on sonoluminescence 1 April 1999. The origin of sonoluminescence the emission of light by bubbles of gas trapped in a
    http://physicsweb.org/article/news/3/4/3/1

    Advanced site search     news
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    Previous News for April 1999 Next New light on sonoluminescence
    1 April 1999 The origin of sonoluminescence - the emission of light by bubbles of gas trapped in a liquid and excited by sound waves - is one of the big mysteries in physics. In a typical sonoluminescence experiment the bubble can expand to a size of up to 50 microns and then collapse to a radius of less than a micron, all within 50 microseconds or so. Short flashes of light are emitted at the minimum radius. Until recently the fact that the bubble remained stable had puzzled researchers. Now a simple extension of the hydrodynamic/chemical model that can explain this stability can also explain most of the properties of the light emissions as well ( Nature Sascha Hilgenfeldt, Siegfried Grossman and Detlef Lohse extended the model by making the bubble's temperature dependent on its volume and by making an allowance of the small emissivity of the weakly ionized gas inside the bubble. The latter term allows for the fact that experiments have shown that only Nobel gases remain inside the bubble during sonoluminescence. According to their model, sonoluminescence is caused by thermal bremsstrahlung (energy produced by ionised particles changing their velocities) and recombination. In the latter process positive ions and electrons recombine and release their excess energy as photons.

    37. Research On Sonoluminescence In The Department Of Mathematical Sciences.
    De Montfort UniversityCategory Science Technology Ultrasound sonoluminescence......
    http://www.cms.dmu.ac.uk/~ake/Research/sonoluminescence.html

    38. Sonoluminescence
    One of the key unsolved problems of physics relates to the motion ofcontinuous media and can be formulated as follows Why is there
    http://www.physics.ucla.edu/Sonoluminescence/
    One of the key unsolved problems of physics relates to the motion of continuous media and can be formulated as follows: Why is there a general tendency of the off-equilibrium motion of continuous media to be characterized by the formation of structures and the focusing of energy?
    Introduction     Seth Putterman, PhD. UCLA Physics Department, Los Angeles CA 90025. Fax 310- 206- 5668 for assistance please contact Administrative Services Group asg@physics.ucla.edu

    39. Page 3: Sonoluminescence
    sonoluminescence For an account at the level of a science graduateplease see the article in Physics World on this site. For an
    http://www.physics.ucla.edu/Sonoluminescence/page3.html
    Sonoluminescence
    • For an account at the level of a science graduate please see the article in Physics World on this site. For an account at the level of an undergraduate please see the Scientific American article at this site. Detailed reviews are Physics Reports , Barber et al march 1997 and Annual Reviews of Fluid Mechanics Putterman and Weninger 2000.
    For history see the above articles and the thesis of Lofstedt UCLA 1995, and a letter to Physics World August 1999 at this site. We believe that the photo of a single light emitting bubble moving in a torus generated the appearance of a shuttlecock as reported in the thesis of Paul R. Temple U. Vermont 1970 who we credit with the first observation of sonoluminescence from a single bubble. Latest results include the use of a streak camera to observe the emission of an outgoing shock wave from the sonoluminescing bubble. In a 16KHz sound field the strength of the shock wave approaches 1 Million Atmospheres. Two color plates and a black and white show the experiment and data. Physical Review E 2000. Sonoluminescence has found use in synchronizing photodetector arrays for the solar neutrino observatory and in plastic surgery.

    40. CIMU- Sonoluminescence
    sonoluminescence sonoluminescence refers to the transduction of sound energyinto light energy, mediated by bubbles in a supporting fluid.
    http://cimu.apl.washington.edu/sono.html
    Sonoluminescence
    Sonoluminescence refers to the transduction of sound energy into light energy, mediated by bubbles in a supporting fluid. The figure below illustrates the nonlinear radial response of a single bubble to an applied sound field. When the pressure within the bubble falls below the vapor pressure of the liquid, the bubble begins to grow while the bubble fills with vapor. When the pressure turns positive, the vapor condenses and the bubble accelerates rapidly inward. Near the minimum radius, the bubble may emit a flash of light. The bubble continues to oscillate near its resonant radius, until the next acoustic cycle, where the entire process repeates itself.
    Red line is a fit to the experimental data points. Blue line represents the normalized drive pressure. Data collected by scattering laser light off the bubble and into a PMT.
    Our work in sonoluminescence includes measuring the light emission properties, sound emission properties, and radial response of a sonoluminescence bubble under various conditions. The links below illustrate some our research:
    Bubble Levitation
    Acoustic Emission
    Microgravity Effects
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