1. NSSL Thunderstorm Information Questions and Answers About thunderstorms. How do they form? How arethey detected? We can see thunderstorms with a variety of tools. http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/edu/storm/

Questions and Answers About Thunderstorms How do they form? How are they detected? We can see thunderstorms with a variety of tools. Radars let us see where rain and hail are located in the storm. Doppler radars also let us see how the wind is blowing within and near the storm. Some features of thunderstorms, such as the anvil that spreads out at the top of the storm, can be seen from satellites. What type of damage can they cause? Many hazardous weather events are associated with thunderstorms. Fortunately, the area affected by any one of them is fairly small and, most of the time, the damage is fairly light. Lightning is responsible for many fires around the world each year, as well as causing deaths when people are struck. Under the right conditions, rainfall from thunderstorms causes flash flooding, which can change small creeks into raging torrents in a matter of minutes, washing away large boulders and most man-made structures. Hail up to the size of softballs damages cars and windows, and kills wildlife caught out in the open. Strong (up to more than 120 mph) straight-line winds associated with thunderstorms knock down trees and power lines. In one storm in Canada in 1991, an area of forest approximately 10 miles wide and 50 miles long was blown down. Tornados (with winds up to about 300 mph) can destroy all but the best-built man-made structures. How does atmospheric pressure change in and around thunderstorms?

2. USATODAY.com - Resources: Understanding Thunderstorms Learn about lightning and thunder, the different types of thunderstorms, and the science behind them. http://www.usatoday.com/weather/wtsm0.htm

Home News Money Sports ... Weather Main Categories State forecasts International forecasts National maps Hazardous weather More Weather Weather briefs Extremes Hurricanes Highway forecasts ... Talk Today Site Web Click here to get the Daily Briefing in your inbox 03/08/2003 - Updated 04:13 PM ET Resources: Understanding thunderstorms Harald Edens/NWS A thunderstorm near Goodland, Kan., sparks cloud-to-ground lightning. Thunderstorms are one of the most common and most noticeable weather products of our atmosphere. They form worldwide, spit out deadly lightning, band together to form hurricanes, and can spin up the world's fastest winds inside tornadoes. The links below take you to information about the nature, structure and detailed studies of thunderstorms. Read more Weather to watch Severe weather watches, warnings What watches and warnings mean Thunderstorm safety Learn all about severe weather Understanding thunderstorms Understanding lightning Understanding tornadoes Understanding floods, droughts ... Understanding winter weather Scroll down this page for links to more information, beginning with types of thunderstorms and including thunderstorm dangers, history and science. Some of the links below are to Web sites that are not part of USATODAY.com, but which have authoritative information. A separate browser window will open for each outside page you wish to view.

3. A Look Inside A Thunderstorm thunderstorms come in all shapes and sizes with some cells only a few miles indiameter and some clusters of storms, known as mesoscale convective complexes http://www.usatoday.com/weather/tg/wtsmwhat/wtsmwhat.htm

Home News Money Sports ... Weather Inside the Basics Basics home Graphics, photos Storms, fronts Climate change ... Health effects Site Web Click here to get the Daily Briefing in your inbox 07/28/2001 - Updated 01:19 PM ET Source: USA TODAY research by Chad Palmer, Graphic by John Herne A look inside a thunderstorm The key ingredient that defines a thunderstorm is lightning. Since lightning creates thunder, a storm with lightning is called a thunderstorm. Thunderstorms come in all shapes and sizes with some cells only a few miles in diameter and some clusters of storms, known as mesoscale convective complexes , that span hundreds of miles across. More details about thunderstorms Lightning information index Thunderstorm information index Front Page ... Gannett Co. Inc.

4. LIGHTNING: Images Of Lightning Strikes And Thunderstorms With Lightning Lightning extending from thunderstorms into space is a new area of study and may be observed in special situations http://www.chaseday.com/lightning.htm

Lightning and Storms Chase Day Lightning on a Gust Front Can high wind bend a channel of lightning? It appears to be happening in this images taken in western Oklahoma. Strong winds form a gust front into a shelf cloud along the leading edge of the storm. Storms with this configuration are usually fast movers with strong straight line winds. This cell was moving east at 60 m.p.h. The blue color is from the film, but I liked it so I left it. Want to learn more about the lightning and understand what's going on in these storms? Kids can learn more about lightning by visiting sources such as the National Geographic Page on lightning . Lightning extending from thunderstorms into space is a new area of study and may be observed in special situations involving very clear dark skies. Cloud to Ground Strikes Cloud to ground lightning looks the best when it's out of the rain. Two types of lightning are in the first image. Lightning under the cloud base that on the edge of the rain and lightning coming out of the anvil striking outside the edge of the storm. Both are clear of the rain area and show good branching. Using Lightning To Illuminate the Tornado Lightning is common in a tornadic thunderstorm, but often after the tornado is on the ground the lightning diminishes. This was a lucky shot, well not total luck, I was there. It's really hard to do this, as I have tried for years. On numerous occasions I have had a tornado in the lightning and something goes wrong to keep me from getting it. One time I had two tornadoes going on simultaneously in the lightning east of Wichita, Kansas. I broke out of the storm too close to them and they just roared by as I was trying to get set up. For this shot I was on a little hand tripod setting on the car hood, which is fast to set up, and it wasn't raining so I could stand outside.

5. THUNDERSTORMS AND LIGHTNING (OCDA), City And County Of Honolulu Learn about the science behind thunderstorms and lightning. With info on safety during a storm. is estimated at any given moment nearly 2 000 thunderstorms are in progress over the earth's surface, and lightning http://www.co.honolulu.hi.us/ocda/thunder.htm

You are here: Main Civil Defense THUNDERSTORMS AND LIGHTNING (OCDA) Oahu Civil Defense Agency THUNDERSTORMS AND LIGHTNING It is estimated at any given moment nearly 2,000 thunderstorms are in progress over the earth's surface, and lightning strikes the earth 100 times each second. There are about 45,000 thunderstorms daily and 16 million annually around the world. There are at least 100,000 thunderstorms annually across the United States. Statistics from 1959-82 for the United States show that 2,430 people have lost their lives, and 5,882 have been injured by lightning, an average of a little over 100 people killed and about 250 injured each year. Property loss is estimated in the hundreds of millions of dollars annually. At the U.S. Commerce Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), scientists monitor and predict these storms. NOAA's National Weather Service keeps a round-the-clock vigil on atmospheric conditions and issues watches and warnings for severe thunderstorms. Project officials at NOAA's Environmental Research Laboratories seek new tools and improved understanding of thunderstorm processes. Scientists probe storms with radar, satellites, lightning detective devices, laser beams, and aircraft.

6. Page Has Moved Are thunderstorms dangerous? All thunderstorms are dangerous. About 10% of the thunderstorms that occur each year in http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/trwbro.htm

thunderstorms and lightning...the underrated killers This URL has changed to http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/brochures/trw.htm . You should be automatically redirected in 5 seconds. Please make a note of the new URL and update your bookmark.

7. American Red Cross- Thunderstorms Information from the American Red Cross and The Weather Channel on thunderstorms and lightning http://www.redcross.org/services/disaster/keepsafe/readythunder.html

Disaster Services Disaster Safety Interactive Map Chemical ... Winter Storms Find Your Local Red Cross Enter Zip Code Here: Search Our Site Find Out Who Our Supporters Are Home Services ... Disaster Safety Severe Thunderstorm Severe Thunderstorm (PDF File) Table of Contents Before Lightning Strikes When a Storm Approaches What To Do if Caught Outside Protecting Yourself Outside ... More Information Links Take our Lightning Quiz Thunderstorms and Lightning...the Underrated Killers , in-depth Information about thunderstorms from the National Weather Service Project Safeside : Keeping You Ahead of the Storm. Information from the American Red Cross and The Weather Channel on thunderstorms and lightning Before Lightning Strikes... Keep an eye on the sky. Look for darkening skies, flashes of light, or increasing wind. Listen for the sound of thunder. If you can hear thunder, you are close enough to the storm to be struck by lightning. Go to safe shelter immediately. Listen to NOAA Weather Radio, commercial radio, or television for the latest weather forecasts. When a Storm Approaches...

8. Arizona Monsoon Thunderstorms Get details and safety tips about Arizona's monsoon season, which begins in July and lasts several weeks. http://phoenix.about.com/library/weekly/uc062101a.htm

zfp=-1 About Phoenix, AZ Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Phoenix, AZ with Judy Hedding Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS A to Z Site Index Wilflower Gallery Cactus League Spring Training ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement The Arizona Monsoon Part 1: What Is a Monsoon? More of this Feature Part 1: What is a Monsoon Part 2: What Should You Do Join the Discussion "What you call monsoon is probably what I call morning dew." LeavingKC Related Resources Weather How To Be Safe During a Monsoon Storm Living in the Desert From Other Guides Monsoons Elsewhere on the Web The Arizona Monsoon Thunderstorms and Lightning The following article was submitted by Steve Eastwood. Steve is a local resident, a Database Manager and a Web Designer. It may seem strange to have signs like this posted in the middle of the desert, but they do serve a practical purpose.

9. FEMA: Fact Sheet: Thunderstorms And Lightning Some thunderstorms can be seen approaching, while others hit without warning. http://www.fema.gov/hazards/thunderstorms/thunderf.shtm

Hazards Assistance Flood Maps NPSC ... Hazards Fact Sheet: Thunderstorms and Lightning Search FEMA Hazards Dam Safety Earthquakes Extreme Heat ... Mitigation Division Fact Sheet: Thunderstorms and Lightning Some thunderstorms can be seen approaching, while others hit without warning. It is important to learn and recognize the danger signs and to plan ahead. BEFORE Learn the thunderstorm danger signs. Dark, towering, or threatening clouds. Distant lightning and thunder. Have disaster supplies on hand Flashlight with extra batteries Portable, battery-operated radio and extra batteries First aid kit and manual Emergency food and water Nonelectric can opener Essential medicines Cash and credit cards Sturdy shoes Check for hazards in the yard. Dead or rotting trees and branches can fall during a severe thunderstorm and cause injury and damage. Make sure that all family members know how to respond after a thunderstorm. Teach family members how and when to turn off gas, electricity and water. Teach children how and when to call 9-1-1, police, fire department, and which radio station to tune for emergency information.

10. FEMA FOR KIDS: THUNDER thunderstorms happen in every state and every thunderstorm has lightning. thunderstormsaffect small areas when compared with hurricanes and winter storms. http://www.fema.gov/kids/thunder.htm

Disaster from a Kid's Point of View Important Terms Sabrina's Lightning Safety What is Lightning? ... Lightning Fact and Fiction hile thunder won't hurt you - lightning will! So it's important to pay attention when you hear thunder. Thunderstorms happen in every state and every thunderstorm has lightning. Lightning can strike people and buildings and is very dangerous. Thunderstorms affect small areas when compared with hurricanes and winter storms. The typical thunderstorm is 15 miles in diameter and lasts an average of 30 minutes. Nearly 1,800 thunderstorms are happening at any moment around the world. Despite their small size, all thunderstorms are dangerous. Every thunderstorm produces lightning, which kills more people each year than tornadoes. Heavy rain from thunderstorms can lead to flash flooding. Strong winds, hail, and tornadoes are also dangers associated with some thunderstorms. You can estimate how many miles away a storm is by counting the number of seconds between the flash of lightning and the clap of thunder. Divide the number of seconds by five to get the distance in miles. The lightning is seen before the thunder is heard because light travels faster than sound. (Of course, get safe shelter first, before you take the time to count the seconds!) Thunderstorms need three things: Moisture - to form clouds and rain.

11. Luky Linetti And The Thunderstorms Gruppo che esegue musiche degli anni 50 biografia, date dei concerti, foto e file audio. http://lukylinetti.8m.com/

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12. BOLTEK Lightning Detectors Boltek StormTracker and LD250 Lightning Detectors display lightning strikes live on a map of your area. Can detect and track thunderstorms up to 300 miles away, right from your personal computer. http://www.boltek.com/

Lightning Detection Systems Beautiful to behold, lightning is not only one of nature's most powerful phenomena, but one of the most common and destructive. That's why Boltek has produced a line of state-of-the-art Lightning Detection Systems. With Boltek Lightning Detectors you can detect and track thunderstorms up to 300 miles away, right from your personal computer. Boltek is the leader in affordable thunderstorm tracking technology. Our Lightning Detection systems are installed around the world, constantly watching and warning of lightning. At Boltek, our ongoing research and development efforts have produced significant performance improvements in the past and many more enhancements are planned for the future. StormTracker Lightning Detector A lightning detector on an internal card for desktop computers. LD-250 Lightning Detector Boltek Lightning Detectors are used by: Corporate Computer Centers Private Weather Forcasters Skywarn Spotters Government Weather Forcasters Government Computer Centers Emergency Management Agencies Storm Chasers Weather Enthusiasts

13. Severe Storms: Online Meteorology Guide Learn about storms, from the small summer storms capable of producing dangerous "microbursts" to the large "supercell" storms which spawn destructive tornadoes. Components of thunderstorms. Updrafts and downdrafts, outflow phenomena, wall clouds and the effects of wind shear on http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/%28Gh%29/guides/mtr/svr/home.rxml

Graphic developed by: Dan Bramer The Severe Storms Module is a combination of two elements. The first is the NOAA Severe Storms Spotters Guide. The second is a section recently added to discuss the efforts and results of modeling severe storms. The Severe Storms Spotters Guide contains supplemental instructional resources and a program designed to familiarize meteorologists and advanced severe storm spotters with the basic "building blocks" of convective storm structure. The focus of the training series is the development of a thunderstorm "spectrum" and a discussion of the physical characteristics and severe weather potential of the various storm types in the spectrum. Sections Last Update:05/15/99 Dangers of Thunderstorms Includes: lightning, floods, hail, winds and tornadoes. Types of Thunderstorms Single cells, multicell clusters, multicell lines (squall lines) and supercells. Components of Thunderstorms Updrafts and downdrafts, outflow phenomena, wall clouds and the effects of wind shear on thunderstorm development. Tornadoes Tornadoes, cyclic storms and low-level flow fields associated with tornadic thunderstorms.

14. NSSL Research Topics - Thunderstorms thunderstorms. thunderstorms can occur anywhere in the world and at anytime of the day. All thunderstorms produce lightning and thunder. http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/researchitems/thunderstorms.shtml

Who We Are Special Projects Scientific Publications Accomplishments ... Current weather (courtesy NWS/SPC) Employment Archive of Links Site Map Privacy Notice Accessibility Last Updated 6 March 2003 Thunderstorms T hunderstorms can occur anywhere in the world and at any time of the day. All thunderstorms produce lightning and thunder. Some have the potential to produce damaging straight-line winds, large hail, heavy rain, flooding, and tornadoes. A thunderstorm is classified as severe when it contains one or more of the following pheno mena: Hail 3/4" or greater Winds gusting in excess of 50 knots (57.5 mph) A tornado Research in this area at NSSL is focused on observation and understanding of thunderstorm initiation and structure, as well as and software applications and algorithms. The Thunderstorm Initiation Mobile Experiment (TIMEx) MCS Electrification and Polarimetric Radar Study (MEaPRS) Severe Storms and Tornado Research Severe Weather Warning Applications and Technology Transfer (SWAT) ... SWAT's WSR-88D Mesocyclone and Tornado Signature Case Study Page Atmospheric Observations Field Observing Facilities Glidersonde Demonstrator Program NSSL Education Pages: Thunderstorm FAQ Camping Safety Additional Research and Educational Sites: Center for the Analysis and Predictions of Storms NOAA Severe Storms Spotters Guide presented by the University of Illinois Doppler Radar Weather Satellites ... Flooding

15. Homepage Of The Dutch Storm Chase Team Storm chasing in the Netherlands. Tips and tricks about chasing, and information about lightning, tornadoes and thunderstorms. http://www.stormchasing.nl/

Team Floris Bijlsma Herman Harperink Calendar ... Contact DUTCH STORM CHASE TEAM Home The Dutch Storm Chase Team welcomes you to this internet site! DSCT consists of two enthusiastic stormchasers, living in The Netherlands. You can read all about our adventures here - stories, photos, and general information about chasing and the severe weather environment. More questions? Feel free to ask... we are dedicated severe-weather lovers, and stormchasing is our hobby. We hope you will enjoy our site.. and see you later, maybe.... who knows where we might end up stormchasing! The Dutch Storm Chase Team View the adventures DSCT had on the great plains this spring! Click image No part of this site may be copied, redistributed or otherwise used without the explicit, written consent of DSCT. Direct questions to info@stormchasing.nl Our Sponsors: meteoplaza.com

16. Observation Weather Techniques, Australian Severe Weather. Educational Online Bo Weather Observation Techniques by Australia Severe Weather. Educational online instuctions how to observer the weather, various storm and cloud types, and their development. http://www.australiasevereweather.com/techniques/index.html

Observation Techniques Information Before you begin please read this message Table of contents Main introduction Introduction to simple observation techniques Observing clouds Observing cloud movement ... Glossary of terms Michael Thompson's 80 pages of climate information in Australia is a good guide to the Australian climate which will supplement this section on observations. Please send comments or ideas to the author and editor: Jimmy Deguara Document: index.html Updated: 13th September, 2002 Australian Severe Weather index Email Contacts Search This Site

17. Thunderstorms thunderstorms. There are three types of thunderstorms Air mass thunderstormsare usually produced in areas of very little vertical shear. http://weather.cod.edu/sirvatka/ts.html

THUNDERSTORMS There are three types of thunderstorms: single-cell (or air mass) multicell cluster multicell (or squall line) supercell Photos of the Single Cell, Multi-Cell Cluster and Multi-Cell Squall Line were taken by NSSL The photo of the Supercell was taken by Howie Bluestein The photos were taken from the storm spotters guide at the University of Illinois' Daily Planet web page. Although the natural environment does not fall into three distinct categories, we break them down to help illustrate significant differences. The differences arise because of varying atmospheric profiles, especially those concerned with vertical shear, defined as the change in wind velocity (speed or direction) with height, or The air mass thunderstorm is a common and usually non-severe phenomenon that forms away from frontal systems or other synoptic-scale disturbances. They form where moist and unstable conditions exist in the atmosphere. Air mass thunderstorms are usually produced in areas of very little vertical shear. As a result, the threat for severe is small. When they do reach severe limits, the thunderstorms may produce brief high winds or hail which develop because of high instability. These storms are know as pulse severe storms. Although several storm cells can develop, each individual cell lasts about 30-60 minutes and has three stages.

18. Kids' Lightning Information And Safety Learn about thunderstorms and the dangers of playing outside when there is lightning. http://www.azstarnet.com/anubis/zaphome.htm

Lightning information and safety for children - Blitzinformationen und sicherheit für Kinder - La sécurité foudre pour les enfants - Informazioni sul fulmine e sicurezza per i bambini - Informação e segurança do relâmpago para crianças - Información y seguridad del relámpago para los niños - Maelezo kuhusu radi na usalama kwa watoto. TECHNICAL NOTES: This web site is intended to be viewed without advertising. If you see it inside another web site or with ads, please click here. To enjoy the colors of this web site as they were created, click here for a simple MONITOR ADJUSTMENT. KIDS' LIGHTNING INFORMATION AND SAFETY by Sabrina The US National Weather Service has designated == National Lightning Safety Awareness Week: April 27-May 3, 2003 == Featured in Jack and Jill, Chemecology, American Girl, Kid City and the Franklin Institute's Powers of Nature exhibit. - Keep your computer virus safe - Update and run your antivirus program today. WHY I MADE THIS WEB SITE. Please read my lightning introduction page or ma page d'introduction sur la foudre traduite en français.

19. WHAT ARE THUNDERSTORMS? (OCDA), City And County Of Honolulu (OCDA). Oahu Civil Defense Agency. WHAT ARE thunderstorms? Give us we want tohear from you! Return To thunderstorms Home Page. Go To Children of the Storm. http://www.co.honolulu.hi.us/ocda/thunder1.htm

You are here: Main Civil Defense WHAT ARE THUNDERSTORMS? (OCDA) Oahu Civil Defense Agency WHAT ARE THUNDERSTORMS? Thunderstorms, generated by temperature imbalances in the atmosphere, are a violent example of convection. Warming of the air near the earth's surface and/or cooling of the air above puts warmer, lighter air layers below colder, denser layers. The resulting instability causes convective overturning of the layers, with heavier, denser layers sinking to the bottom and the lighter warmer air rising rapidly. Mechanical processes are also at work. Warm, buoyant air may be forced upward by the wedge-like undercutting of a cold air mass or by flowing up a mountain slope. Winds blowing into the center of a low-pressure area may force warm air near that center upward. In the first stage of thuderstorm development, an updraft carries warm air to a level where the air becomes saturated with moisture and visible droplets appear as a cloud begins to form. Continued upward movement produces large clouds resembling rising mounds, domes, or towers, known as cumulus clouds. Strong winds above the developing clouds may further enhance the updraft or convection. As the cloud forms, water vapor changes to liquid and/or frozen cloud particles. This results in a release of latent heat that takes over as the principal source of energy for the developing cloud. Once the cloud starts to form by other forces, this release of heat helps keep it growing.

20. For Kids Only - Earth Science Enterprise Learn about NASA earth science projects related to air, thunderstorms, the earth's crust, tropical rainfall, and water. Sponsored by NASA's Earth Science Enterprise. http://kids.earth.nasa.gov/

SEND OUT AN ESE POSTCARD Image of the Day: Dust, Fires, and Smoke in Southern Iraq Please enable Javascript using your Preferences menu. Re-load the page to view the next factoid. Air Natural Hazards Land Water ... NASA Responsible NASA Official: Sharron Sample Curator: SAIC Information Services Updated: Sat, 22 Mar 2003 01:13:00 EST

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