41. Thunderstorms thunderstorms. It is late afternoon. Welcome to a thunderstorm. thunderstormsare one of the most thrilling and dangerous of weather phenomena. http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Atmosphere/tstorm.html

Thunderstorms It is late afternoon. The white puffy clouds that have been growing all day are replaced by a greenish sky. A distant rumble is heard...then another. It starts to rain . A flash of light streaks the sky, followed by a huge BOOM. Welcome to a thunderstorm. Thunderstorms are one of the most thrilling and dangerous of weather phenomena . Over 40,000 thunderstorms occur throughout the world each day Thunderstorms have several distinguishing characteristics that can cause large amounts of damage to humans and their property. Straight-line winds and tornadoes can uproot trees and demolish buildings. Hail can damage cars and crops. Heavy rains can create flash floods. Lightning can spark a forest fire or hurt you. Safety during a thunderstorm is really important. Click on image for full size version ( 353K JPG Courtesy of Angie J Venturato The Formation of a Thunderstorm Types of Thunderstorms Lightning and Thunder Thunderstorm Safety Last modified prior to September, 2000 by the Windows Team The source of this material is Windows to the Universe , at http://www.windows.ucar.edu/

42. No Amiga To Waste - What's This - Description No Amiga To Waste is aimed at letting users and developers exchange ideas, in order to hopefully minimise wasted development effort. http://thunderstorms.org/NATW/

IMPORTANT Developers, please, don't just use the ideas presented here without notification. Always give feed-back . This project can only work if there's a maximum of communication DESCRIPTION OF THE SITE'S PURPOSE PROBLEMS A lot of commercial software houses have left the Amiga society and less 'state of the art' programs are released. Inspired and skilled programmers have become rare 'cause a lot moved over to other systems. Public Domain authors tend to have a strange habit of 're'-programming the same software tools over and over again. CONCLUSION Make sure that every programming effort provides a final product that is useful, original, easy to use and up to date. SOLUTION An online database that collects ideas, comments and wishes of the users. The contents can be freely consulted as long as every programmer reports what idea he's working on and how the development progresses. POSSIBLE FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS OF THIS SITE SOURCE CODE DATABASE Collection of freely distributable source codes in various programming languages.

43. NWS Louisville: Supercell Structure And Dynamics Supercell thunderstorms are perhaps the most violent of all thunderstorm types,and are capable of producing damaging winds, large hail, and weakto-violent http://www.crh.noaa.gov/lmk/soo/docu/supercell.htm

Supercell thunderstorms are perhaps the most violent of all thunderstorm types, and are capable of producing damaging winds, large hail, and weak-to-violent tornadoes. They are most common during the spring across the central United States when moderate-to-strong atmospheric wind fields, vertical wind shear (change in wind direction and/or speed with height), and instability are present. The degree and vertical distribution of moisture, instability, lift, and especially wind shear have a profound influence on convective storm type, including supercells, multicells (including squall lines and bow echoes ), ordinary/pulse storms, or a combination of storm types. Once thunderstorms form, small/convective-scale interactions also influence storm type and evolution. There are variations of supercells, including "classic," "miniature," "high precipitation (HP)," and "low precipitation (LP)" storms. In general, however, the supercell class of storms is defined by a persistent rotating updraft (i.e., mesocyclone) which promotes storm organization, maintenance, and severity. More information concerning environmental conditions and the structure of classic and HP supercells is given below. WSR-88D Doppler radar imagery showing the evolution of some supercell events across Kentucky and south-central Indiana are available.

44. Thunderstorms And Lightning thunderstorms and Lightning. Table of Contents. Select a slide or startat the beginning. thunderstorms; What is a Thunderstorm? http://www.crh.noaa.gov/mkx/slide-show/tstm/

Thunderstorms and Lightning Table of Contents Select a slide or start at the beginning Thunderstorms What is a Thunderstorm? Photo -Thunderstorm ... Which protective position is the best? NWS MKX Front page , NWS MKX Severe Weather Page , or our Spotter Page

45. Australian Severe Weather - Storm Chasing, Storm Chasers Australian and US storms and storm chasing of severe weather. Over 7000 photographs and storm videos, storm tours, storm chases, tornados, hailstorms, thunderstorms, tropical cyclones, latest satellite images and weather maps. http://www.australiansevereweather.com

australiasevereweather.com Welcome to our web site. Click here for a site summary. Designed and maintained by Search This Site Logo by Krazy Kenny Weather Photography Weather Photo Catalog Weather Charts, Satellite Photos and Data Links ... Bush Fires / Wild Fires Australian Storm Chasing Tours -> Thunderbolt Tours

46. 7(t) Thunderstorms And Tornadoes (t) thunderstorms and Tornadoes, thunderstorms. thunderstorms formwhen moist, unstable air is lifted vertically into the atmosphere. http://www.geog.ouc.bc.ca/physgeog/contents/7t.html

Introduction to Meteorology and Climatology (t) Thunderstorms and Tornadoes Thunderstorms Thunderstorms form when moist, unstable air is lifted vertically into the atmosphere. Lifting of this air results in condensation and the release of latent heat . The process to initiate vertical lifting can be caused by: (1). Unequal warming of the surface of the Earth. Orographic lifting due to topographic obstruction of air flow. (3). Dynamic lifting because of the presence of a frontal zone Immediately after lifting begins, the rising parcel of warm moist air begins to cool because of adiabatic expansion. At a certain elevation the dew point is reached resulting in condensation and the formation of a cumulus cloud. For the cumulus cloud to form into a thunderstorm, continued uplift must occur in an unstable atmosphere. With the vertical extension of the air parcel, the cumulus cloud grows into a cumulonimbus cloud. Cumulonimbus clouds can reach heights of 20 kilometers above the Earth's surface. Severe weather associated with some these clouds includes

47. Kid's Safety Page Information for kids and teens on what to do during bad weather, thunderstorms, lightning, floods, and dangerous weather conditions. http://www.strikingimages.com/safety.htm

for kids and adults I often get asked about lightning safety. There are several reasons why people ask me. One is because I spend so much time out in the middle of storms. Another is because I have worked in the safety field for almost thirty years. I taught driver education at the high school and college levels for about ten years. Then I became the Safety Coordinator for the City of Tucson. This experience has taught me a lot about safety. Along the way life has taught me some other lessons which can be applied to safety, as well. For instance, I have learned that there are things that you can do something about, and there are things that you can't change. For example, you can make a lot of difference in how you live your life and what your future holds by the way you behave and the kind of education you acquire. On the other hand, you can't do a lot about the genetic hand you are dealt in life, not yet, anyway. In the world of safety there are risks that you can do a lot about and others that you can't effect so much. One of the tricks to being safe as you go through life is take action where you can be effective and not worry too much about those risks you can't do much about. For instance, you can wear a helmet when you ride your bike. You might still crash and get some road rash, or break an arm or leg or something. But you've greatly reduced the chances of a serious head injury. A broken arm can mess up your life for a while, but you can live with it. A broken brain box is a different matter all together.

48. CNN.com - 'Thunderstorms' Spotted On Saturn Moon - Dec. 19, 2002 thunderstorms' spotted on Saturn moon. Methane clouds not seen in1980 probe images. By Richard Stenger CNN, The lightcolored area http://www.cnn.com/2002/TECH/space/12/19/titan.clouds/

CNN Europe CNN Asia Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese On CNN TV Transcripts Headline News CNN International ... Special Reports SERVICES Video Newswatch E-Mail Services CNN To Go SEARCH Web CNN.com 'Thunderstorms' spotted on Saturn moon Methane clouds not seen in 1980 probe images By Richard Stenger CNN The light-colored area near Titan's south pole is a methane cloud. Story Tools RELATED Gallery: Moons of Mystery solar system's largest satellites More images of Titan's clouds The Astrophysical Journal Nature ... Scientists peer under Titan's thick fog (CNN) Bright patches of methane have been detected swirling around the southern pole of Titan, settling a longstanding question as to whether Saturn's largest moon possesses clouds, according to a new study. The discovery was made with two large telescopes in Hawaii, using new adaptive optics to distinguish features on the haze-shrouded satellite that even a visiting spacecraft had missed. Titan, bigger than the planet Mercury, is the only moon in the solar system with a dense atmosphere, which has been compared to that covering our planet before life arose. "These clouds appear to be similar to summer thunderstorms on Earth, but formed of methane rather than water," said Antonin Bouchez of the California Institute of Technology, co-author of an article in the December 19 issue of the journal Nature.

49. NSSL Educational Information Questions and answers on tornadoes, hurricanes, lightning and thunderstorms. http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/edu/

skip main navigation Who We Are Special Projects Scientific Publications ... Current weather (courtesy NWS/SPC) Employment Archive of Links Site Map Privacy Notice Accessibility Last Updated 6 March 2003 Welcome to NSSL's Weather Room T his page provides general information for kids, parents, and teachers. Elementary school coloring books are available for parents and teachers to print and use for weather education in the classroom or at home. A comprehensive list of Teacher Resources can help with lesson plans. Phenomena: Questions and Answers The What, Where, Whys, and Hows on.... Tornadoes Thunderstorms Lightning Hurricanes Weather Lessons Basic Introduction to Map Analysis and Interpretation Weather Symbols Weather Maps Weather Systems Weather Careers The following information can be found on the NSSL Frequently Asked Questions page: Meteorology Degrees and Career Options Jobs at NSSL Storm Chasing and Skywarn Interesting Weather Sites Links to additional weather safety and education pages: Weather Safety: NWS Publications page Other Education Pages Links to Weather Data Visit us virtually via your Passport to Knowledge!

50. Red Sprites And Blue Jets Newly documented optical phenomena occurring above thunderstorms are described here, along with images and movies. This site includes a page to report your own observations of sprites and jets. A Bibliography is included. http://elf.gi.alaska.edu/

Red Sprites and Blue Jets More images of Sprites are available. A recent University of Alaska Sprite Observation Campaign was in the High Plains of the United States. During the 1998 northern hemisphere summer, Stanford University has some incredible images showing high spatial resolution from a Dobsonian telescope. Please email me with any more links with recent sprite research. Introduction Characteristics of Red Sprites Characteristics of Blue Jets Why Haven't Sprites and Jets Been Reported Before? ... Bibliography (97,023 bytes) BiBTeX Bibliography including abstracts from 1998 Fall AGU meeting (137,028 bytes) Related Topics Report Observations Introduction Red sprites and blue jets are upper atmospheric optical phenomena associated with thunderstorms that have only recently been documented using low light level television technology. The first images of a sprite were accidently obtained in 1989 ( Franz et al. ). Beginning in 1990, about twenty images have been obtained from the space shuttle Vaughan et al. Boeck ... et al. Since then, video sequences of well over a thousand sprites have been captured. These include measurements from the ground ( Lyons, 1994

51. Thunderstorms thunderstorms. thunderstorms usually develop when there is sufficient heatingof air near the Earth's surface which rises in a very unstable atmosphere. http://www.doc.mmu.ac.uk/aric/eae/Weather/Older/Thunderstorms.html

Thunderstorms A thunderstorm is rain or hail accompanied by thunder and lightning and gusty winds . Thunderstorms usually develop when there is sufficient heating of air near the Earth's surface which rises in a very unstable atmosphere. Thunderstorms are a violent example of atmospheric convection , with uplift and cooling of air, and subsequent cloud formation. As the cloud forms, water vapour changes to liquid and/or frozen cloud particles. This results in a large release of heat that takes over as the principal source of energy for the developing cloud. Once the cloud starts to form by other forces, this release of heat helps keep it growing. The cloud particles grow by colliding and combining with each other, forming rain, snow, and hail. When the droplets become heavy enough to fall against the updraft, precipitation begins, which may be short-lived but very heavy. Having reached its final stage of growth, the towering cumulonimbus cloud may be several miles wide and often 10,000 metres or more in height. High level winds shear the cloud top into the familiar anvil shape. When the Sun illuminates these cloud towers, they appear as huge white mountains. When moving several abreast they may form a squall line. Once precipitation begins the updraft which initiated the cloud's growth weakens and is joined by a downdraft generated by the precipitation. This updraft-downdraft couplet constitutes a single storm "cell". On the ground the updrafts and downdrafts of air are felt as rapid gusts of

52. Thunderstorm Chase And Hsitorical Weather Providing storm chase tours all summer, right through August. Professional meteorologists are the guides as you enjoy the adventure of chasing supercell thunderstorms. http://www.rapidwx.com/chasewx.htm

Rapid Weather's Guided Weather Expeditions Photography / Education / Research www.rapidwx.com Snowstorm tours start November 18th and leave every Monday. The Western High Plains offer you great views of thunderstorms. Whether you are interested in watching thunderstorms develop, cloud and thunderstorm photography or basic research, we will help you in your quest. Severe thunderstorms are relatively rare, but over the western high plains we frequently see isolated strong thunderstorms. The visibility is usually very good, allowing you to watch and photograph thunderstorms from a safe distance. We'll use our expertise to identify the best thunderstorm days, notify you where and when we expect the thunderstorms, and then we'll guide you to them. We will usually give you a heads-up for favorable thunderstorm days 24 to 72 hours in advance. We cover South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa, Minnesota, eastern Montana, eastern Colorado, eastern Wyoming, Missouri, Oklahoma and Texas. We will guide you throughout the spring and summer, May through August. Economy Tours 6 days for $2495.00 per person. Lodging and transportation are included. You are responsible for your own meals.

53. Thunderstorms thunderstorms. Thunderclouds are known scientifically as cumulonimbus clouds. thunderstormsare more common in summer because they need a lot of energy to form. http://www.doc.mmu.ac.uk/aric/eae/Weather/Younger/Thunderstorms.html

Thunderstorms Heavy rain, dark black clouds and lightning are evidence of a thunderstorm. Thunderstorms are not nearly as large or as strong as hurricanes , but they can be damaging, particularly if large hailstones fall out from their clouds. Thunderclouds are known scientifically as cumulonimbus clouds. Thunderstorms are more common in summer because they need a lot of energy to form. The energy comes from the heating of the ground and the surface air by the Sun. If this heating is strong enough, air heated near the ground will rise up a long way into the atmosphere because it is lighter than air around it, a bit like a hot air balloon. Warmer air is lighter than colder air. As the air rises up it becomes colder. Moisture in the air begins to condense out as clouds , in the same way as fog forms on a calm cool night. In thunderclouds however, the energy is much greater, and the currents of air are strong enough to split apart the raindrops that are forming. This builds up an electric charge, which when released is seen as lightning. The sound of thunder is effect of the lightning strike on the surrounding air. When the rain or hail begins to fall from a thundercloud, it is usually very heavy, but generally lasts for no more than 30 minutes. Sometimes however, the death of one thunderstorm may lead to the development of another, and the bad weather may continue for several hours.

54. Australian Severe Weather - Storm Chasing, Storm Chasers Weather photography with over 4,200 weather photos catalogued, tropical cyclones and maps, storm chasing, tornado, flood and thunderstorms reports, and weather observations. http://www.australiasevereweather.com/

australiasevereweather.com Welcome to our web site. Click here for a site summary. Designed and maintained by Search This Site Logo by Krazy Kenny Weather Photography Weather Photo Catalog Weather Charts, Satellite Photos and Data Links ... Bush Fires / Wild Fires Australian Storm Chasing Tours -> Thunderbolt Tours

55. Waterspout Tours Take a tour in Paradise as we chase waterspouts, thunderstorms, lightning, and sunsets. Join us during this 10 day tropical adventure! http://www.waterspouttours.com/

COME JOIN VETERAN STORM CHASERS JIM LEONARD AND MIKE THEISS ON A GUIDED TOUR OF THE FLORIDA KEYS, WATERSPOUT CAPITAL OF THE WORLD. JOIN THEM IN THE SEARCH OF WATERSPOUTS, LIGHTNING, TROPICAL THUNDERSTORMS, AND BEAUTIFUL SUNSETS. Waterspout Close-Up Click Here 28 Second - MPEG Sample Clip 5.81 MB All Images © Jim Leonard - Mike Theiss

56. Thunderstorms thunderstorms. Source Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) thunderstormshappen in every state, and every thunderstorm has lightning. http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0875669.html

57. Tim's Page Of Weather Stuff. Weather photos, stories, news, and links from a novice storm chaser and meteorology student in southern Alabama. Picture categories include clouds, thunderstorms, tornadoes and tornado related phenomena. Also featured are stories from various storm chases. http://www.geocities.com/stormchsr77/index.html

Best veiwed in 800x600! Early yesterday morning, several tornadoes hit portions of southwest Georgia. Nine people were killed, and nearly a hundred more were injured. Warnings were issued in time, but because it was so early in the morning, most people didn't get them. Ahh...springtime. Birds chirping, warm, sunny days, plants blooming, pollen everywhere turning my car yellow...oh well, at least it isn'y freezing cold. Of cours, with spring comes lots of rain for south Alabama, and some pretty nasty weather as well. Last week (I forget which day...I gotta start writing this stuff down) the NWS issued over two dozen severe storm warnings for our area over about a 12 hour period! Luckily, there wasn't too much damage since the warnings were given well ahead of time. Hasn't been an update in a while...but let me explain. Been super busy with college this semester, and I got a new computer. One problem though...I can't scan any images until I find the disk to install the program that runs the scanner! More pics will be coming soon, I promise! Happy New Year! Yes, it is a little late, but I've been

58. National Fire Danger Rating System Introduction Types Of Fires With this type of pattern, thunderstorms usually develop during the late afternoonand evening hours when surface heating destabilizes the air mass. http://www.seawfo.noaa.gov/fire/olm/syn_ltng.htm

National Fire Danger Rating System Introduction Types of Fires Components Indicies ... Observations Forecasts KBDI Critical Fire Weather Patterns ( Western Washingto n Thunderstorms East Winds Haines Index Werth Saltenberger Smoke Management Clean Air Act Mixing Heights Transport Winds Forecast Aides Temperature Humidity Wind LALs ... Legals Critical Fire Weather Patterns Forecasting the possibility of thunderstorm activity in your forecast area over the next 12 to 24 hours should begin with a detailed assessment of the current and forecast synoptic-scale weather pattern over the Pacific Northwest. Stability indices computed form 12Z soundings are useful tools in predicting the possibility of thunderstorm activity later in the day. However, an even better approach is to use stability indices computed from forecast sounding s valid for late afternoon and evening hours. Pay close attention to calculated values of CAPE, 700-500 MB lapse rates, lifted index, K index, Showalter index, and the Total Totals index for signs of moist, unstable air. On the synoptic scale look for couplets of low level convergence and upper level divergence, mid-level triggers (short-waves or vorticity centers), theta-e ridges, frontal zone boundaries, jet streaks, etc. to determine the amount of atmospheric forcing. Short-wave troughs or cold, upper level lows will oftentimes produce widespread thunderstorm activity across Western Washington. With this type of pattern, thunderstorms usually develop during the late afternoon and evening hours when surface heating destabilizes the air mass. However, this activity usually dissipates after sunset. The Puget Sound convergence zone is also a favored location for wet thunderstorms in May and June. With the various forcing mechanisms listed above an LAL of 3 or 4 would be appropriate since this type of thunderstorm activity is usually associated with locally moderate to heavy rain.

59. Thunderstorms thunderstorms. Florida has more thunderstorms than any other area of the United States. Nearly1,800 thunderstorms are occurring at any moment around the world. http://www.escambia-emergency.com/tstorm.html

Thunderstorms Florida has more thunderstorms than any other area of the United States. Thunderstorms affect relatively small areas when compared to hurricanes, however they occur much more frequently. The typical thunderstorm is 15 miles in diameter and lasts an average of 30 minutes. Nearly 1,800 thunderstorms are occurring at any moment around the world. That's 16 million a year! Despite their small size, all thunderstorms are dangerous. Every thunderstorm produces lightning , which kills more people each year than tornadoes. Heavy rain from thunderstorms can lead to flash flooding. Strong winds (straight-line winds or downbursts), hail, and tornadoes are also dangers associated with some thunderstorms. Straight-line winds are responsible for most thunderstorm wind damage. Some of these winds can exceed 100 mph. A downburst is a small area of rapidly descending air beneath a thunderstorm. When these occur, many times clouds are pulled toward the ground with the wind and give a tornado-like appearance. Of the estimated 100,000 thunderstorms that occur each year in the U.S., only about 10 percent are classified as severe. The National Weather Service considers a thunderstorm severe if it produces hail at least 3/4-inch diameter, wind 58 mph or higher, or tornadoes.

60. Search Results Similar pages Home Pagethunderstorms AND FLYING an internet course for General Aviation, Commercial,and Military Pilots and all those responsible for conducting safe aviation. http://www.livejournal.com/interests.bml?int=thunderstorms

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