21. Charles Babbage Institute: EXHIBITS > Who Was Charles Babbage? Information about Seymour Cray and photographs of the machines. http://www.cbi.umn.edu/exhibits/cray/

About Seymour Cray About the museum Arrangement of the museum Smithsonian oral history interview, 1995 About Seymour Cray From 1950 to 1957, Cray held several positions with Engineering Research Associates (ERA) of St. Paul, Minnesota. At ERA, he worked on the development of the ERA 1101 scientific computer for the U.S. government. Later, he had design responsibility for a major portion of the ERA 1103, the first commercially successful scientific computer. While with ERA, Cray worked with computer technologies ranging from vacuum tubes and magnetic amplifiers to transistors. He inventeda number of technologies that were patented by the companies for which he worked; among the most significant are the Cray-1 vector register technology, the cooling technologies for the Cray-2 computer, the CDC 6600 freon-cooling system, and a magnetic amplifier for ERA. He also contributed to the Cray-1 cooling technology design. Cray was a founder of the Control Data Corporation in 1957 and was responsible for the design of that company's most successful large-scale computers, the CDC 1604, 6600, and 7600 systems. He served as a director for CDC from 1957 to 1965 and was senior vice president at the time of his departure in 1972, when he founded Cray Research to design and build the world's highest performance general-purpose supercomputers. His Cray-1 computer established a new standard in supercomputing upon its introduction in 1976. In 1981, he devoted himself full time to the Cray-2 project as an independent contractor for Cray Research, and the Cray-2, introduced in 1985, moved supercomputing forward yet again.

22. Charles Babbage Institute: EXHIBITS > Who Was Charles Babbage? Introduction. The calculating engines of English mathematician charles babbage (17911871)are among the most celebrated icons in the prehistory of computing. http://www.cbi.umn.edu/exhibits/cb.html

Introduction The calculating engines of English mathematician Charles Babbage (1791-1871) are among the most celebrated icons in the prehistory of computing. Babbage’s Difference Engine No.1 was the first successful automatic calculator and remains one of the finest examples of precision engineering of the time. Babbage is sometimes referred to as "father of computing." The Charles Babbage Foundation took his name to honor his intellectual contributions and their relation to modern computers. Biographical note Charles Babbage was born in London on December 26, 1791, the son of Benjamin Babbage, a London banker. As a youth Babbage was his own instructor in algebra, of which he was passionately fond, and was well read in the continental mathematics of his day. Upon entering Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1811, he found himself far in advance of his tutors in mathematics. Babbage co-founded the Analytical Society for promoting continental mathematics and reforming the mathematics of Newton then taught at the university. In his twenties Babbage worked as a mathematician, principally in the calculus of functions. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1816 and played a prominent part in the foundation of the Astronomical Society (later Royal Astronomical Society) in 1820. It was about this time that Babbage first acquired the interest in calculating machinery that became his consuming passion for the remainder of his life.

23. Martínez, Ausiàs Amb enlla§os a altres p gines fetes per ell, com ara un treball sobre la vida charles babbage o Cancamusa , un cercador personal. http://perso.wanadoo.es/ausiasj/

24. Charles Babbage's First Difference Engine Contains archival source material and graphics, together with a discussion of the Mathematics of the Engine. http://mycetes.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/babbage/default.htm

Charles Babbage's First Difference Engine Photo of the 1832 Fragment of a Difference Engine Picture of Babbage from Mechanical Magazine [Click on images to enlarge] Mail Me Archives Difference Engine No.1 Surviving Archives and Other Sources Archives List History by C.J.D. Roberts History of Difference Engine No. 1 Origin of Motion Charts for DE1 Origin of Motion Chart for DE1 On the Mathematics of Babbage's First Difference Engine Method of Differences Benjamin Herschel Babbage's Manual to operate Difference Engine BH Babbage Manual Marshall's Description of the operation of the 1832 Fragment Difference Engine Marshall Babbage's Difference Engine: How it was intended to work Babbage's First Difference Engine Analysis of the Expenditure on Babbage's Difference Engine No.1 Expenditure Letters from the Bromhead Collection Bromhead Letters etc. form the Forbes Collection Forbes Croker Papers Croker Baron de Prony's Description of the Construction of Tables by the Method of Diffferences Prony Various Pictures of Babbage Babbage Pictures Various Pictures and Graphics Pictures Maps and Plans Maps Correspondence in the British Libary Manuscripts Department VOL 1 VOL 2 1833 - Undated Sir Robert Peel Correspondence Peel JFW Herschel's letter to the Chancellor of the Exchequer 1842 Correspondence in the Public Record Office a) Public Records Office Kew Archives of the British Government Treasury Department Treasury Papers Accounts Authorisation for Building Works b) Public Records Offfice Chancery Lane

25. Charles Babbage From FOLDOC babbage, charles . charles babbage. person The british inventorknown to some as the Father of Computing for his contributions http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?Babbage, Charles

26. PROJECT GUTENBERG OFFICIAL HOME SITE -- Listing By AUTHOR charles babbage. http://promo.net/cgi-promo/pg/cat.cgi?&label=ID&ftpsite=ftp://ibiblio.or

27. PROJECT GUTENBERG OFFICIAL HOME SITE -- Listing By AUTHOR charles babbage. http://promo.net/cgi-promo/pg/cat.cgi?&label=ID&ftpsite=ftp://ibiblio.or

28. Babbage, Charles (1791-1871) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biogra babbage, charles (17911871), This entry contributed by MargheritaBarile. Dubbey, J. M. The Mathematical Work of charles babbage. http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Babbage.html

Branch of Science Engineers Branch of Science Mathematicians ... Barile Babbage, Charles (1791-1871) This entry contributed by Margherita Barile English mathematician and inventor. Babbage was obsessed from his boyhood with the idea of an universal language, and he conceived his first mechanical calculator around 1812 while he was a student at the Trinity College in Cambridge, England. At that time, he was involved in research on differential and integral calculus as a co-founder of the new Analytical Society. Later, he would become Lucasian professor (1828) and contribute to establishing the Royal Astronomical Society (1820) and the London Statistical Society (1834). The project of Babbage's Difference Engine No. 1 was completed in 1822. Two improved versions followed in the next years, but were never realized. These devices, based on a system of toothed gears, could automatically compute arithmetical sequences of high order involving numbers having up to 5 digits. Babbage's (unachieved) masterpiece was the Analytical Engine, a much more sophisticated invention, which worked using punched cards, could perform any arithmetical operation, and was even able to print out the results. One of the main outcomes of Babbage's research was the conclusion that every game of skill could be played by a properly instructed automaton.

29. The Babbage Pages: Ada Lovelace Read about this mathematician and scientist. Focuses on her work with scientist charles babbage. http://www.ex.ac.uk/BABBAGE/ada.html

Augusta Ada Lovelace Augusta Ada Byron was born on 10 December 1815. She was named after Augusta, Byron's half sister, who had been his mistress. After Byron had left for the Continent with a parting shot - 'When shall we three meet again?' - Ada was brought up by her mother. The lines from Childe Harold were very well known:- `Is thy face like thy mother's, my fair child! Ada! sole daughter of my house and of my heart? When last I saw thy young blue eyes they smiled' And then we parted,-not as now we part, but with a hope.' and as Byron's daughter Ada acquired the romance that attached to everyone associated with that magnificent poete maudit. In 1833 Ada met Babbage and was fascinated with both him and his Engines. Later Ada became a competent student of mathematics, which was most unusual for a woman at the time. She translated a paper on Babbage's Engines by General Menabrea, later to be prime minister of the newly united Italy. Under Babbage's careful supervision Ada added extensive notes (c.f. Science and Reform, Selected Works of Charles Babbage

30. Inventor Charles Babbage Fascinating facts about charles babbage inventor of the first mechanicalcomputing machine in the 1820s. charles babbage Fascinating http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventors/babbage.htm

31. Linick Collection Of Proceedings Of The Mark IV User Group Details of the archiving of Evan Linick's collection of published proceedings of the Mark IV User Group (IV League) by the charles babbage Institute at the University of Minnesota. http://www.cbi.umn.edu/collections/inv/cbi130.htm

Evan Linick, collector Proceedings of the Mark IV User Group, 1969-1979 CBI 130 1 cubic foot in 3 boxes Creator: Linick, Evan, collector By: Kevin D. Corbitt, December 1996 ACQUISITION: The proceedings were given to the Charles Babbage Institute by Evan Linick in 1996. Please cite the collection as follows: Evan Linick Collection of Proceedings of the Mark IV User Group (CBI 130), Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. History The MARK IV User Group, officially "MARK IV User Group (IV League)," purpose was to advance effective use of the MARK IV System. The group's 1969 by-laws described the MARK IV System as "a proprietary software product (which included program, documentation, and system support) developed and owned by Informatics Inc." and a presentation outlines the MARK IV System more specifically as "a general purpose software package designed to aid file management activities." Members included Informatics and representatives from any MARK IV installation. (Proceedings of the MARK IV User Group: meeting V, Jan. 27-29, 1969, New Orleans, LA, 1969, p. 21; Proceedings of the MARK IV User Group: meeting VI, June 30-July 2, 1969, San Francisco, CA, 1969.) Scope and Content Consists entirely of published proceedings of most MARK IV User Group conferences held between 1969 and 1979.

32. Encyclopædia Britannica babbage, charles Encyclopædia Britannica Article. MLA style babbage, charles. Encyclopædia Britannica 2003 Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=11725

33. WEB SITE CHARLES BABBAGE Carreras t©cnicas y docentes, con informaci³n sobre calendario de inscripciones y seminarios. http://www.charlesbabbage.edu.ar/

SitioVirtual Introduccion SitioVirtual Introduccion SitioVirtual CarrerasASI SitioVirtual Biblioteca Marco General Cursos General

34. Babbage, Charles (1791-1871) babbage, charles. mathematician. england. babbage. Images. charles babbage'sgrave at Kensal Green Cemetery, Londen. Picture by Androom (11 Dec 1993). http://www.xs4all.nl/~androom/biography/p000840.htm

Babbage, Charles mathematician england 26 Dec 1791, Teignmouth, Devonshire - 18 Oct 1871, London Grave location: London: Kensal Green Cemetery, Kensal Green Born in Devonshire as the son of the banker Benjamin Babbage. As a child he suffered ill health. The young Babbage clearly had a passion for mathematics and a disdlike for the classics. He was educated by private tutors and then at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he received his M.A. in 1817. In 1830 he designed an analytical engine (on paper), which operated in a way similar to computers. Another of his designs was a difference engine, meant to produce tables. In 1827 he produced a table of logarithms from 1 to 108000; Babbage wanted to quantify everything. 1827 had been a year full of disaster. His father, his wife and two of his children died and he went abroad for his own health. Back in England he obtained the Lucasian Chair at Cambridge in 1828, but he never presented a single lecture. Babbage was one of the founders of the Astronomical Society (1820) as well as the Statistical Society (1834). In 1834 work on the Difference Engine came to an end. The government granted no more money and Babbage had already invested a huge sum of his own. In 1840 he visited Turin, where he discussed his work with mathematicians like Menabrea. Lady Ada Augusta Lovelace - Lord Byron's daughter - translated Menabrea's description of the analytical engine and extended it significantly by herself. She assisted Babbage on some of his projects and he was very fond of her.

35. Sdc: Site {computer History} The author takes the user through a short tour of computer history including subjects such as advances in the 50's and 60's. Also includes photos of charles babbage and Herman Hollerith. http://www.softlord.com/comp/

A Short History of the Computer (b.c. - 1993a.d.) by Jeremy Meyers I DO NOT HAVE ANY OTHER INFORMATION ON THIS TOPIC OTHER THAN WHAT IS ON THIS PAGE! PLEASE DO NOT E-MAIL ME REQUESTING MORE INFORMATION! Instead, check Yahoo Download this paper in PDF format Note: Yes, a lot of this is from Groliers Encyclopaedia. Hey, I was young. I didn't know any better. Credit where credit is due. Also, this information is only current as of the early 1990's (1993, to be exact), and no I'm not planning to add more information anytime soon. Citing This Work You are welcome to use this document as a reference in creating your own paper or research work on the subject. Please don't just copy this paper verbatim and submit it as your own work, as I put a lot of time and effort into it. Plus, it's bad karma. If you would like to use this work, please use this citation in your bibliography: Meyers, Jeremy, "A Short History of the Computer" [Online] Available <http://www.softlord.com/comp/> <Date you accessed this page> Table of Contents: In The Beginning...

36. Babbage, Charles babbage, charles charles babbage's grave at Kensal GreenCemetery, Londen. Picture by Androom (11 Dec 1993). http://www.xs4all.nl/~androom/biography/i000006.htm

Babbage, Charles Charles Babbage's grave at Kensal Green Cemetery, Londen. Picture by Androom (11 Dec 1993)

37. Howard Rheingold's | Tools For Thought By Howard Rheingold. Online copy of well known 1985 book on the invention of modern computing; this chapter on Lady Ada Lovelace, charles babbage, Difference and Analytical Engines. Newer (c)2000 edition of the book is out, with followup interviews. http://www.rheingold.com/texts/tft/2.html

Tools for Thought by Howard Rheingold April, 2000: a revised edition of Tools for Thought is available from MIT Press , including a revised chapter with 1999 interviews of Doug Engelbart, Bob Taylor, Alan Kay, Brenda Laurel, and Avron Barr. The idea that people could use computers to amplify thought and communication, as tools for intellectual work and social activity, was not an invention of the mainstream computer industry or orthodox computer science, nor even homebrew computerists; their work was rooted in older, equally eccentric, equally visionary, work. You can't really guess where mind-amplifying technology is going unless you understand where it came from. - HLR Chapter One : The Computer Revolution Hasn't Happened Yet Chapter Two : The First Programmer Was a Lady Chapter Three : The First Hacker and his Imaginary Machine Chapter Four : Johnny Builds Bombs and Johnny Builds Brains Chapter Five : Ex-Prodigies and Antiaircraft Guns Chapter Six : Inside Information Chapter Seven : Machines to Think With Chapter Eight : Witness to History: The Mascot of Project Mac Chapter Nine : The Loneliness of a Long-Distance Thinker Chapter Ten : The New Old Boys from the ARPAnet Chapter Eleven : The Birth of the Fantasy Amplifier Chapter Twelve : Brenda and the Future Squad Chapter Thirteen : Knowledge Engineers and Epistemological Entrepreneurs Chapter Fourteen : Xanadu, Network Culture, and Beyond

38. Babbage, Charles. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001. babbage, charles. (bb´ j) (KEY) , 1792–1871, English mathematician and inventor. http://www.bartleby.com/65/ba/Babbage.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Babbage, Charles

39. Charles Babbage From FOLDOC babbage, charles . charles babbage. person The british inventorknown to some as the Father of Computing for his contributions http://csai03.is.noda.sut.ac.jp/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?Babbage, Charles

40. IBM Archives -- Catalog / Personal Names / Babbage, Charles Search Archives. Advanced Search. Catalog / Personal Names / babbage, charles,Limit formats. All Formats Image. Subjects. article (1). articles (5). Folders. http://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/catalog/catalogpage_0000001026.html

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