21. Islamised Syllabus: Maths P4 occasion of Mairaj Q(5314). Important contribution of Thabit ibn Qurra,banu musa brothers, Al Kuhi, ibn AlHaitum, etc. to Calculus. http://www.iberr.co.za/maths4.htm

This document is 6 pages long: Arabic Arts and Crafts Biology Commerical subjects ... Islamic Studies Mathematics Natural Sciences Junior Primary Youth Leadership e-mail us Online translation (free) English-Arabic last updated April 11, 2001 page MATHEMATICS SYLLABUS: SENIOR SECONDARY PHASE GRADE 12: 1. ALGEBRA 1.1 CALCULUS 1.1.1 Basic principles and rules for differentiation 1.1.2 Equation of tangents 1.1.3 Curve sketching y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d 1.1.4 Maxima and minima and rate of change 1.2 LOGARITHMS The contribution of Muslims to the development of logarithmic table e.g. the work of Baqin Yazid. 1.2.1 Laws of logarithm and application 1.2.2 Equations and Inequations 1.2.3 Graphs of power and lograthmic functions 1.3 PROGRESSIONS

22. Islam And Science the time. The success of the banu musa brothers who were favoured bythe regime of the day in Baghdad is a good example. Of Caliph http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Union/IslamicSoc/Islam and Science Essay 3.htm

Islam and Science: Is there a conflict? By: A. Kiyimba 1 Introduction 1.1 Stating the problem The relationship between Islam and science has been the focal point of scholarly exertion and controversy for quite a long time. In 1983, Maryam Jameelah lashed out at modern science in these words: Modern science is guided by no moral value but naked materialism and arrogance. The whole branch of knowledge and its applications is contaminated by the same evil. Science and technology are totally dependent upon the set of ideals and values cherished by its members. If the roots of a tree are rotten, then the tree is rotten; therefore all its fruits are rotten. (Jameelah, 1983, p.8) Nearly seven hundred years before Maryam Jameelah, the renowned scholar Hujjat al-Islam Imam Abu Muhammad al-Ghazali (1058-1111) had expressed fears that the clarity and precision of mathematical demonstrations could easily lead those who studied them (superficially) to denial of God's Attributes. His objection was not to mathematics as such but to its possible repercussions: Even if geometry and arithmetic do not contain notions that are harmful to religious belief, we nevertheless fear that one may be attracted through them to doctrines that are dangerous.1

23. Colloquium No. 6 - Fung Kam Wing - 香港科技大學圖æ� (banu musa brothers) 2; (Thabit ibn Qurra, 826/7910)?. 3. http://library.ust.hk/info/colloq/jun2002/fung-talk.html

Colloquium on Information Science: HKUST Library Series No. 6 - 6 June 2002 Celebrating Special Collections : Scholarship and Beauty 法甘尼(al-FarghānÄ«, ?-861或以後)、阿爾 白塔尼(al-BattānÄ« , 858或以前-929)åˆ°ä¸å ˆç”Ÿ(Christoph Clavius, 1538-1612)、利瑪竇(Matteo Ricci, 1552-1610)çš„æ–‡ç»ä¹‹æ— å ¬å ƒå «ä¸–ç´€åˆä¸­è‘‰ï¼Œé˜¿æ‹‰ä¼¯é˜¿æ‹”æ–¯çŽ‹æœ ( ‘Abbāsid Dynasty of the Muslim Empire of the Caliphate, 750-1258, 唐代稱為“黑衣大食”) 哈里發沙發(Caliph as- Saffah，749-54 在位)å‘æ±æ“´å±•å‹¢åŠ›ï¼Œè€Œç•¶æ™‚è¢«ä¸­äºžè«¸åœ‹ç¨±ç‚ºâ€œå¤©å¯æ±—â€çš„å”æœäº¦æ™‚æ¬²è¶ŠéŽîå¶ºå‘è¥¿æ“´å¤§å ¶è»äº‹å½±éŸ¿åŠ›ã€‚æ±è¥¿å ©å¤§å‹¢åŠ›çš„æ“´è¡¡ï¼Œæœ€çµ‚å¼•è‡´æ­¤å€ä¸Šçš„å±€éƒ¨æˆ°çˆ­ã€‚ å ¬å ƒ751å¹´2月至752å¹´1>月(伊斯蘭曆134年至135年之間，唐玄宗天寶十年)由大將高仙芝統率的唐朝軍隊和由Ziyad ibn Salih率領的阿拉伯軍隊在中亞的坦邏斯河(Talas River)發生戰爭，唐軍大敗，二萬多唐軍和技術工匠(如造紙工匠和可能與火藥製作有關的工匠)被俘往撒馬爾罕(Samarqand or Samarkandï¼ŒçƒçŽ†åˆ¥å ‹å¢ƒå §)，而這些中國人俘虜於是在撒馬爾罕用“碎布”製造“中國紙”。從這時開始，製造“中國紙”的造紙廠遍布撒馬爾罕、巴格達(Baghdad) 的達魯哈玆區、提哈瑪、也門(Yemen)、大馬士革(Damascus)å’Œé–‹ç¾ (Cairo) 等地。應當指出，造紙業的興盛、紙價的低廉，與阿拔斯時代學術運動的發達有很大關係。

24. [SEJ][United Muslims] Muslim Youth Centre By UM And WAMY [RAdio Islam] Alexa McD being patronised by the Abbasid Caliphs. There, he studied BR underthe famous banu musa brothers. It was in this setting that http://lists.2garre.com/pipermail/sej1/2002q4/003382.html

[SEJ][United Muslims] Muslim Youth Centre by UM and WAMY [RAdio Islam] Alexa McDonough - Leader of NDP Party, CAIR-CAN Monthly Address United Muslims sej1@lists.2garre.com Sat, 5 Oct 2002 13:04:47 -0500 Previous message: [SEJ]Entry to Islamic Page Next message: [SEJ]Entry to SEJ-Govern. Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] =====================_847487813==_ Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed =====================_847487813==_ Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" <BR> <META content="MSHTML 5.50.4134.600" name=GENERATOR> <STYLE></STYLE> <DIV align=left> </DIV> <div align="center"> <TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=3 width=600 border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD width="100%"> <P align=center><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</P> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD bgColor=#6f6f6f> <P align=center><SMALL><STRONG><SMALL><FONT face=Verdana><A style="COLOR: rgb(227,227,255)" target=_blank href=" http://www.islam.am/"

25. 167.205.47.37 - /My EBooks/Ipteksosbud/Iptek/ Thabit ibn Qurra and the banu musa brothers were also appointed by alMa'mun to theHouse of Wisdom, so a truly remarkable collection of scholars worked there. http://167.205.47.37/My eBooks/Ipteksosbud/Iptek/#Al-Jawhari.htm

167.205.47.37 - /My eBooks/Ipteksosbud/Iptek/ [To Parent Directory] 4/18/02 3:16 PM 30666 #Albert Einstein Online.htm 4/18/02 3:36 PM 11992 #Al-Jawhari.htm 4/18/02 3:27 PM 31413 #Al-Khwarizmi.htm 4/18/02 3:34 PM 11754 #Bouguer.htm 1/19/02 3:06 PM 116606 #elnino.gif 1/19/02 3:05 PM 125777 #GATRA_COM [07-09-2001] - Kesalahan Simulasi Komputer.htm 4/18/02 3:56 PM 7966 #Investigating the moon's atmosphere.htm 4/18/02 3:55 PM 10709 #Kumpulan Artikel Ilmu Pengetahuan ANTARIKSA.htm 4/18/02 3:26 PM 8818 #MacTutor History of Mathematics.htm 4/27/02 2:03 PM 31915 #Quotations From Famous Historians of Science.htm 4/27/02 2:10 PM 38295 #Science in Al-Andalus (Spain).htm 4/27/02 2:22 PM 37010 #Setting the Record Straight, Islamic Science.htm 4/27/02 2:18 PM 23663 #The Book of Animals by Al-Jahiz (776-868).htm Albert Einstein Online_files Al-Jawhari_files Al-Khwarizmi_files ... Investigating the moon's atmosphere_files 1/17/03 4:14 PM 55720 JAPANandINTERNET.pdf

26. Arabic Mathematics of research. AlKindi (born 801) and the three banu musa brothersworked there, as did the famous translator Hunayn ibn Ishaq. We http://www2.ittu.edu.tm/math/ttm-math/mathematics/mat ders/mat tarihi/HistTopics

27. Banu Musa banu musa , family of Arab mathematicians and astronomers of the 9th cent. A.D. The name means sons of musa and refers to the three brothers, http://www.infoplease.com/ce5/CE004488.html

28. Banu Musa. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 2001. banu musa. (bän cent. AD The name means “sons of musa” and refersto the three brothers, Muhammad, Ahmad, and alHasan. They http://www.bartleby.com/65/ba/BanuMusa.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Banu Musa KEY ) , family of Arab mathematicians and astronomers of the 9th cent.

29. Banu Musa. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 banu musa. (bän ´ m sä´) (KEY) , family of Arab mathematicians and astronomers of the 9th cent. A.D. musa and refers to the three brothers, Muhammad, Ahmad, and alHasan. http://www.bartelby.com/65/ba/BanuMusa.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Banu Musa KEY ) , family of Arab mathematicians and astronomers of the 9th cent.

30. The Imams of his close aidesand some of the banu Hashim remained. to survive, for his otherthree brothers Ali Akbar Aftah., the Imam's older son and musa, his younger http://www.ummah.org.uk/khoei/imam.htm

31. Banu Musa banu musa , family of Arab mathematicians and astronomers of the 9th cent. A.D. The name means sons of musa and refers to the three brothers, http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/people/www.factmonster.com/ce6/people/A0806092.ht

Encyclopedia Banu Musa OO OO Pronunciation Key Banu Musa , family of Arab mathematicians and astronomers of the 9th cent. A.D. Book on the Measurement of Plane and Spherical Figures. Bantu languages AD AD AD AD AD Print this page Cite this page Awards and Press Link to Fact Monster Add Fact Monster search ... Privacy

32. Banu Musa Harun died in 809 and there was an armed conflict between the brothers. AlKhwarizmi and his colleagues the banu musa were scholars at the House of Wisdom in Baghdad. http://kids.infoplease.lycos.com/ce6/people/A0806092.html

Search For: Lycos Zone Home Family Zone Teachers Zone Encyclopedia Banu Musa OO OO Pronunciation Key Banu Musa , family of Arab mathematicians and astronomers of the 9th cent. A.D. Book on the Measurement of Plane and Spherical Figures. Bantu languages Awards and Press Citing Fact Monster Lycos Worldwide Lycos Zone Privacy Statement

33. Banu Musa banu musa , family of Arab mathematicians and astronomers of the 9th cent. ADThe name means “sons of musa” and refers to the three brothers, Muhammad http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/B/Banu/1.html

Banu, Musa Banu Musa , family of Arab mathematicians and astronomers of the 9th cent. A.D. The name means “sons of Musa” and refers to the three brothers, Muhammad, Ahmad, and al-Hasan. They supervised the translation of Greek scientific works into Arabic and helped to found the Arabic school of mathematics. The most important work ascribed to them is the geometrical treatise Book on the Measurement of Plane and Spherical Figures.

34. Banu Musa banu musa family of Arab mathematicians and astronomers of the 9th cent. ad Thename means ldquor;sons of musa rdquor; and refers to the three brothers, http://www.slider.com/enc/5000/Banu_Musa.htm

trellian ftp Home Encyclopeadia B Bal - Ban ... Rope Ladders Trellian WebPage Slider Search: The Web Encyclopaedia Shopping Index Help Encyclopaedia Banu Musa family of Arab mathematicians and astronomers of the 9th cent. a.d. Book on the Measurement of Plane and Spherical Figures. Add URL Advertise Contact Us

35. MuslimHeritage.com - Topics in Alexandria in the first century and translated by Qusta Ibn Luqa at the timeof banu musa.Hero's other books may have been known to the brothers for he http://www.muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=285

36. IRCICA 1980-2002 Activities 1980-2000 - Research Projects And Related Activities The book is an analysis of Kitab AlHiyal, a work written in the 9th century inBaghdad by banu musa (brothers, the sons of musa), in the light of modern http://www.ircica.org/book/141_04.html

ACTIVITIES 1980-2002 Research Projects and Related Activities History of Science in the Muslim World Research projects carried out under the broad title of "History of Science in the Muslim World" will focus on several main subject areas, including scientific institutions, the works of Muslim scholars and scientists from the early centuries of Islam up to the present time, and the process for the introduction of modern sciences and technology from the West to the Muslim world. Activities in this field are organised in the form of research projects, publications, organisation of international symposia, and participation in symposia and conferences organised by other institutions throughout the world. IRCICA's objective is to undertake studies in history of science and to be represented in the activities of organisations and specialised institutions working in this field which was mentioned in its very first work program adopted in 1981. Prof. Ihsanoglu initiated a number of projects in this field. The various departments of IRCICA participated in the implementation of these projects, but they are carried out essentially by the Department of Bibliographies and Manuscripts which is chaired by Prof. Dr. Ramazan Sesen, a leading scholar and expert in Islamic manuscripts and cataloguing. Prof. Dr. Ihsanoglu was elected Vice-President of the Commission on Science and Technology in Islamic Civilisation of the IUHPS during the 20th International Congress of History of Science which was held in Zaragoza, Spain, in 1993. At the 20th International Congress of History of Science that was held in Liège, Belgium, in 1997, he was elected Vice-President of the IUHPS, and President of the Commission on Science and Technology in Islamic Civilisation.

37. Engineering Art Three brothers, the banu musa worked as engineers and scientists underthe patronage of the caliphs of Baghdad in the ninth century. http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/july01/features/engart/engart.html

ON THE COVER: engineering art Water fountains combine fluid handling, motion control, and human imagination to let a precious resource reveal its whimsical side. By Said Shakerin W ater is one of the most precious natural materials. It is essential for sustaining life and for the operation and maintenance of industrial plants. Besides its life-supporting and other essential applications, water has been combined with hydraulic systems for aesthetics, amusement, and relaxation since ancient times. Probably everyone has seen captivating water fountains in public buildings, amusement parks, or private houses. The purpose of a fountain can be to beautify the environment, to provide evaporative cooling, to create a special effect, to mask traffic noise, or to serve as an aid to relaxation. History records that the rulers of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia incorporated fountains in their palaces for decorative and evaporative cooling purposes. In the classical Greek and Roman cultures, highly developed fountains served as utilitarian and decorative objects. A surge of interest in sculptural fountains began during the Renaissance. Today, elaborate sculptural fountains can be seen throughout Europe, as in the Trevi fountain in Italy. The gardens of the Alhambra, the monumental complex built by the Moors in Granada, contain outstanding examples of the tradition of fountain design in Islamic civilization.

38. MMD Archives: Water Organs In Book "The Organ Of The Ancients" The first mechanically played musical instrument on record was a waterorgan made by the musa brothers (banu musa) in the ninth century AD. http://mmd.foxtail.com/Archives/Digests/200010/2000.10.03.01.html

Mechanical Music Digest Archives MMD Archives October 2000 Prev ... Next Water Organs in Book "The Organ of the Ancients" By Fritz Gellerman The first mechanically played musical instrument on record was a water organ made by the Musa brothers (banu Musa) in the ninth century AD. The music was recorded on a cylinder much like those used in more recent times for cylinder music boxes and barrel organs. More details on this and other ancient instruments can be found in Henry George Farmer, "The Organ of the Ancients", 1931. Fritz Gellerman (Message sent Fri 29 Sep 2000, 21:50:25 GMT, from time zone GMT-0400.) Key Words in Subject: Ancients Book Organ Organs ... Info To Post a message in the MMD related to self-playing musical instruments, please send your message via email to: rolls@foxtail.com Please read our Republication Policy before copying information from or creating links to this web site. Contact our webmaster about technical problems you encounter using this web site.

39. Mmd.foxtail.com/Archives/RawDigests/00.10/digest.00.10.03.txt in Book The Organ of the Ancients The first mechanically played musical instrumenton record was a water organ made by the musa brothers (banu musa) in the http://mmd.foxtail.com/Archives/RawDigests/00.10/digest.00.10.03.txt

for today's Mechanical Music Digest (00.10.03) Subject: Water Organs in Book "The Organ of the Ancients" (Fritz Gellerman) Subject: Organ Factories in Borna, Germany (Fritz Gellerman) Subject: Photogrammetry and Mechanical Music (Julie Porter) Subject: Aeolian Pianola Player Brake Adjustments (Richard Vance) Subject: FS: Steinway Duo-Art Rubber Stamp (Sam Harris) Robbie Rhodes, Editor Previous Digest: 00.10.02 - - - ******* The MMD is back online. ******* Robbie is back from vacation and I've pretty much caught up with my personal distractions. Thanks to everyone who wrote to express their concern. No one was shut off for failing to support us financially, and that will continue to be the policy. To be sure, though, your financial support is helpful and appreciated. All pending Unsubscribe requests have been processed. If you are receiving this and didn't intend to receive the Digest any more, please send e-mail to: rollreq@foxtail.com Please include the word "Unsubscribe" in the subject line. Replying to this message will delay your request. For those who requests "adds" or "changes", please allow a few more days for these to be processed. I've had to wade through 240 pieces of spam received in the last month to find all of your requests! - - - In an attempt to protect those posting messages here from Internet junk mail, we often add the string ".geentroep" to the end of e-mail addresses. Please remember to remove the .geentroep string if you want to send mail directly to the author of an article. From: gellermanf@aol.com.geentroep (Fritz Gellerman) To: rolls@foxtail.com Date: Fri, 29 Sep 2000 17:50:25 EDT Subject: Water Organs in Book "The Organ of the Ancients" The first mechanically played musical instrument on record was a water organ made by the Musa brothers (banu Musa) in the ninth century AD. The music was recorded on a cylinder much like those used in more recent times for cylinder music boxes and barrel organs. More details on this and other ancient instruments can be found in Henry George Farmer, "The Organ of the Ancients", 1931. Fritz Gellerman From: gellermanf@aol.com.geentroep (Fritz Gellerman) To: rolls@foxtail.com Date: Fri, 29 Sep 2000 17:50:24 EDT Subject: Organ Factories in Borna, Germany [ Ref MMD 000928, "Ervista Bona of B.A.B. Organ Company" ] Misspelling 'Bona' as 'Borna' might be a Freudian slip. Borna is a German city significant in the history of music. The famous pipe organ builder Urban Kreutzbach was located there. One of his employees, Theodor Mannborg, broke away and established a reed organ factory there in 1889, along with Olof Lindholm and Magnus Hofberg. The latter two each subsequently established reed organ factories, Lindholm in Borna and Hofberg in nearby Leipzig. All the factory buildings still exist, and the Lindholm company is still in operation manufacturing harpsichords. Fritz Gellerman From: jporter@ricochet.net.geentroep (Julie Porter) To: rolls@foxtail.com, fsmccoll@hewitt.com (Steve McCollum) Cc: Date: Fri, 29 Sep 2000 23:34:26 -0700 Subject: Photogrammetry and Mechanical Music [ Steve McCollum wrote in 001002 MMD on this subject. ] I forgot a part from my introduction, that the primary use of photogrammetry is in civil engineering. I have gotten used to the soft tissue problem which involves the mapping of non uniform curves onto the images. I downloaded the demo of Photomodeler Pro. It seems to be a model matcher, which I was thinking of writing myself. Where I am stuck is that I have no measurements from the original, other than the photos and a measurement of some rectangular speakers that appear in some of the pictures. The Tina program will do much of the same thing, with a far less friendly interface. The trick is to find points that match across the images. I have been trying to use automated extraction as I have been working with research code. I am surprised that I have not found this site in a web search. Then I may have missed it as many of these use stock models and perform image mapping onto them. This program actually does seem to be true photogrammetry. It will be interesting to try my photos with it to see if I can get some realistic data. The last approach I was playing with was to extract shape from the shading data. I was making good progress prior to becoming distracted. This is my biggest problem. I work on something for a few weeks, then a dance or an event comes along and the earlier project becomes cold. > I was thinking that a serious rebuilder could acquire, from > overlapping photographs, accurate dimensions of an instrument or > its parts without having to measure them in detail. This might be > especially valuable to be use to recreate some measurement that > you forgot to make! This is something that I am actively in the process of pursuing. I would be more than happy to share problems and places to watch out for. It is one thing to say that something can be done, or is being done. It is quite something else to work the processes out for oneself. The real problem in using these techniques for mechanical music instruments is that one tends to take the photos first. Prior to my most recent trip to Europe I considered building a portable laser rangefinder, using some lenses from old 8 mm projectors. As it began to take shape, the thought of taking such a thing on the plane was a bit frightening. Round objects with wires and electronics are not what is expected to go through airport security inspections, as anyone who has ever hand carried a birdbox or musical box knows all too well! Another approach would be to use structured light. I have in mind to use a flash unit to project a reticule of gridwork onto the object. This might be more practical using infrared as well. Most digital cameras are really sensitive to infrared light. The real problem is the processing of the data once it's acquired. Perhaps I should put the MMD away for an evening and run some data through its paces again. Julie Porter From: zebpiano@worldnet.att.net (Richard Vance) To: editor@foxtail.com, foxtrot@frii.com (Mike Fox Morrey) Date: Fri, 29 Sep 2000 11:46:28 -0400 Subject: Aeolian Pianola Player Brake Adjustments > Wow, thanks for the reply and graphic. Hi Mike, You are very welcome. > Just FYI, mine don't have a motor. It's all original. By motor, I meant the pneumatic drive; we call this a "motor" also. > Okay, thanks. Mine has the 'older' style in the graphic. Should > I be worried about how much pressure the brake should have? > I'm assuming that if I put too much, it will slow down the tempo > or put too much tension on the roll itself. You are correct. There is another problem also; if the leaf spring is to tight, it will tend to push the main lever out of the reroll position. That is why they went to the new design. The sliding action of the reroll lever against the brake wire in the new design did not push the reroll lever out of position, and it was easier to adjust the brake pressure by changing the place where the coil spring attaches to the post. It is not clear whether your spring is missing, or just bent out of the way. In either case, the new or replacement spring should press rather lightly against the brake wire. Start with the tension such that the brake pad just presses lightly against the wheel. Then increase the tension only enough so that the upper half of the roll does not wrinkle, or loop up when the tempo is suddenly slowed down, and the roll plays at a constant speed. But not enough so that the reroll lever won't stay in the reroll position. Sometimes it is necessary to tighten the screw and fiber washer at the center of the reroll lever a little, so that it will stay in "reroll" in spite of the spring. This adjustment takes a lot of trial and error. If the brake is too loose, the roll won't move at an even tempo because there is insufficient constant torque feedback to the complex pneumatic pressure vs. flow control loop in the tempo valve and regulator system. And on big rolls, the paper may not be wound up tight enough on the take-up spool, so that "stack slippage" occurs within the paper on the take-up spool, and the paper appears to stop momentarily even though the drive continues to turn. If too tight, the roll will jerk, slow down, or stall when playing softly. Test with a big, fat roll and a skinny one also. The brake torque imposes a much smaller tension on the paper and the motor, at the beginning of a fat roll, that at the end of a skinny one. An adjustment which is compromise, working fairly well in both cases, must be found. Best regards, Richard Vance From: sam@greenvillenc.com.geentroep (Sam Harris) To: "MMD"

40. The House Of Wisdom its most prominent scholars were alKhwarizmi and the banu musa, or Sons of Moses.The sons of a robber-turned-astrologer, these three brothers, Muhammad, Ahmad http://www.lib.virginia.edu/science/parshall/wisdom.html

The House of Wisdom The House of Wisdom in Bagdad functioned as the center of study and research in the Islamic world of the ninth century. Among its most prominent scholars were al-Khwarizmi and the Banu Musa, or Sons of Moses. The sons of a robber-turned-astrologer, these three brothers, Muhammad, Ahmad, and al-Hasan, showed a gift for learning at an early age. When their father died, the Caliph al-Mamun enrolled them in the House of Wisdom. There they excelled in the study of mathematics, astronomy and mechanics, leading research in those areas along with al-Khwarizmi. They organized and directed the work of translators of ancient Greek scientific texts. Their Book on the Measurement of Plane and Spherical Figures , which demonstrated the Greek methods for determining area and volume, became well-known in the Arab world and in Europe in the Middle Ages. MAIN DOCUMENT CONTENTS FIRST MENTION To return to the place in the document from which you came, click on your browser's BACK BUTTON. Selected Biographical References Gillispie, Charles C. ed.

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