61. Dream 2047 : VP News callippus (c.370c.300BC), also a Greek mathematician and astronomer, modifiedthe Eudoxus scheme by adding extra spheres for the Sun, Moon and some other http://www.vigyanprasar.com/dream/oct2000/oct2000.htm

VPNEWS PARTING THOUGHTS (II) To continue from where we left off last time, Vigyan Prasar can really make a difference to the overall science popularisation scene in the country! It has all the essential ingredients, in the form of major programmes/efforts, I mentioned last time, to transform itself into a powerhouse of incredible and unimaginable strengths capable of delivering unheard of results! Each one of the VP's major programmes referred to earlier, if handled appropriately, could develop into an independent, self-sustaining entity in its own right, under the overall VP umbrella, with greatly enhanced output. What would that mean in terms of the goals we are seeking to achieve? Vigyan Prasar books would also be distributed worldwide in many countries and also in many other non-Indian languages. Dream-2047 would develop into a very popular science magazine with a large circulation and several other language editions, besides Hindi and English. . NKS (To be continued) Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) Dr. Subodh Mahanti

62. The Homocentric Spheres Of Eudoxus Shortly after he developed his theory of homocentric spheres, callippus modifiedit by adding in an extra rotating sphere for each planet to better fit the http://www.cco.caltech.edu/~deborahe/core1.htm

A Revolution of Thought: The Homocentric Spheres of Eudoxus To appreciate the significance of their achievements, we must first throw ourselves back 2500 years and look at the sky through ancient eyes, setting aside our current view of the universe. We must disregard our heliocentric model and throw away the outer three planets of the solar system, for they cannot be seen with the naked eye and optical aids like telescopes do not exist. Forget basic Newtonian mechanics, ignore the current understanding of gravity, and toss out the knowledge that the planets are all made of the same matter as the earth. We must temporarily erase from our mind the pictures of Earth taken from space and remember that no one in ancient Greece could see anything more than what can be observed from the ground with the naked eye. From this perspective, the night sky looks like a very different place. The Sun is now a very unique object, not just one star among billions. The Moon is the only object that shows any surface features, the other planets being points of light far more similar to stars than anything else in the heavens. From our vantage point on Earth, the heavens appear to revolve around us as the stars rotate east to west with the sun lagging just slightly behind (Fig. 1).

63. Full Chronological Index 390 BC 320 BC) Dinostratus (387 BC - 312 BC) Heraclides (384 BC - 322 BC) Aristotle(380 BC - 320 BC) Menaechmus, (370 BC - 310 BC) callippus (360 BC - 300 BC http://alas.matf.bg.ac.yu/~mm97106/math/chronlist.htm

Full Chronological Index Ahmes (624 BC - 546 BC) Thales (580 BC - 520 BC) Pythagoras (520 BC - 460 BC) Panini (499 BC - 428 BC) Anaxagoras (490 BC - 430 BC) Zeno of Elea (490 BC - 420 BC) Oenopides (480 BC - 420 BC) Leucippus (480 BC - 411 BC) Antiphon (470 BC - 410 BC) Hippocrates (465 BC - 398 BC) Theodorus (460 BC - 400 BC) Hippias (460 BC - 370 BC) Democritus (450 BC - 390 BC) Bryson (428 BC - 350 BC) Archytas (428 BC - 347 BC) Plato (415 BC - 369 BC) Theaetetus (408 BC - 355 BC) Eudoxus (400 BC - 350 BC) Thymaridas (396 BC - 314 BC) Xenocrates (390 BC - 320 BC) Dinostratus (387 BC - 312 BC) Heraclides (384 BC - 322 BC) Aristotle (380 BC - 320 BC) Menaechmus (370 BC - 310 BC) Callippus (360 BC - 300 BC) Aristaeus (360 BC - 290 BC) Autolycus (350 BC - 290 BC) Eudemus (325 BC - 265 BC) Euclid (310 BC - 230 BC) Aristarchus (287 BC - 212 BC) Archimedes (280 BC - 210 BC) Nicomedes (280 BC - 206 BC) Chrysippus (280 BC - 220 BC) Conon (280 BC - 220 BC) Philon (276 BC - 197 BC) Eratosthenes (262 BC - 190 BC) Apollonius (250 BC - 190 BC) Dionysodorus (240 BC - 180 BC) Diocles (200 BC - 140 BC) Zenodorus (190 BC - 120 BC) Hipparchus (190 BC - 120 BC) Hypsicles (180 BC - 120 BC) Perseus (160 BC - 90 BC) Theodosius (150 BC - 70 BC) Zeno of Sidon (135 BC - 51 BC) Posidonius ( 10 BC - 60 AD) Geminus (10 AD - 75) Heron (10 AD - 70) Cleomedes (60 AD - 120) Nicomachus (70 AD - 135) Theon of Smyrna (70 AD - 130) Menelaus (78 AD - 139) Heng (85 AD - 165) Ptolemy Diophantus Malchus Sporus ... Hermann of R.

64. Itinera Electronica: Du Texte à L'hypertexte Translate this page 3 Caesare 1 Caesarem 1 Caesaris 1 calefactis 1 calfacto 1 calidas 1 calidiorem2 calidius 1 calidum 1 caligine 1 caliginis 1 Callippi 1 callippus 1 calor 1 http://agoraclass.fltr.ucl.ac.be/concordances/Censorinus_natal/listvocabulaire.c

65. Itinera Electronica: Du Texte à L'hypertexte Similar pages More results from agoraclass.fltr.ucl.ac.be Marieke's Walhalla Demosthenes WorksList of works Clicking on the titles below leads you to the Perseus online project,more specifically to the English translation of the text of your choice. http://agoraclass.fltr.ucl.ac.be/concordances/Censorinus_natal/precise.cfm?txt=C

66. ChuckIII's College Resources - Philosophy - Aristotle - Free Term Papers, Book R method and its relevance to education, literary criticism, the analysis of humanaction, and political analysis Aristotle, like Eudoxus and callippus before him http://www.chuckiii.com/Reports/Philosophy/Aristotle3.shtml

We are dedicated to helping students with their everyday College needs. If you have any questions or comments Please feel free to e-mail us @ feedback@ChuckIII.com Thanks to students like YOU! Please, Keep them coming and help us grow Aristotle By: Wendy E-mail: Wendy2781@aol.com Bibliography BIBLIOGRAPHY McKeon, Richard. Introduction To Aristotle. New York: (Random House Inc, 1992) Jones, W. T. The Classical Mind. New York: (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, 1980) Word Count: 4349 Research Help HOME Custom Term Papers High Quality Term Papers Free Term Papers ... Citing Sources Pay Sites Research Assistance Search 80,000 Papers @ DirectEssays.com Search 86,000 Papers @ MegaEssays.com Search 95,000 Papers @ Example Essays.com Free Essay Sites Term Paper Sites College Term Papers Net Essays My Term Papers ... Planet Papers Links Spring Break Vacations Term Paper Sites College Links Top 100 Term Paper Sites ... Top 50 Essay Sites College Resources All Posters.com Dorm Check list Comments What would you like to see at ChuckIII's College Resources? Contact Us Info Advertising Info Jobs / Volunteers

67. History Of Mathematics: Greece Philolaus, Pythagoras; Cyrene Eratosthenes, Nicoteles, Synesius, Theodorus;Cyzicus callippus; Elea Parmenides, Zeno; Elis Hippias; http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/greece.html

Greece Cities Abdera: Democritus Alexandria : Apollonius, Aristarchus, Diophantus, Eratosthenes, Euclid , Hypatia, Hypsicles, Heron, Menelaus, Pappus, Ptolemy, Theon Amisus: Dionysodorus Antinopolis: Serenus Apameia: Posidonius Athens: Aristotle, Plato, Ptolemy, Socrates, Theaetetus Byzantium (Constantinople): Philon, Proclus Chalcedon: Proclus, Xenocrates Chalcis: Iamblichus Chios: Hippocrates, Oenopides Clazomenae: Anaxagoras Cnidus: Eudoxus Croton: Philolaus, Pythagoras Cyrene: Eratosthenes, Nicoteles, Synesius, Theodorus Cyzicus: Callippus Elea: Parmenides, Zeno Elis: Hippias Gerasa: Nichmachus Larissa: Dominus Miletus: Anaximander, Anaximenes, Isidorus, Thales Nicaea: Hipparchus, Sporus, Theodosius Paros: Thymaridas Perga: Apollonius Pergamum: Apollonius Rhodes: Eudemus, Geminus, Posidonius Rome: Boethius Samos: Aristarchus, Conon, Pythagoras Smyrna: Theon Stagira: Aristotle Syene: Eratosthenes Syracuse: Archimedes Tarentum: Archytas, Pythagoras Thasos: Leodamas Tyre: Marinus, Porphyrius Mathematicians Thales of Miletus (c. 630-c 550)

68. History Of Astronomy: Persons (C) Hist. Math.); Short biography (Encycl. Brit.); Crater Cajori (lunar feature).callippus of Cyzicus (c. 370 BC c. 310 BC) Short biography http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/persons/pers_c.html

History of Astronomy Persons History of Astronomy: Persons (C) Deutsche Fassung Cacciatore, Gaetano (1814-1889) Short biography and references (in Italian) Short biography and references (in Italian) Caccini, Tommaso (1574-1648) Biography and relation to Galileo Caesar, Julius (100? BC - 44 BC) Biography and references (Encycl. Brit.) Cahill, Daniel William (1796-1864) Short biography and references From the Catholic Encyclopedia, 1913 Cajori, Florian (1859-1930) Short biography and references (MacTutor Hist. Math.) Short biography (Encycl. Brit.) Crater Cajori (lunar feature) Callippus of Cyzicus (c. 370 BC - c. 310 BC) Short biography and references (MacTutor Hist. Math.) Very short biography (Eric Weisstein's Treasure Trove) Calvin, John (1509-1564) Biography and references (Encycl. Brit.) Short biography From the Catholic Encyclopedia, 1913 Calvin and the Astronomical Revolution , by Matthew F. Dowd Campanella, Tommaso (1568-1639[1659?]) Short biography and references (Encycl. Brit.) Biographical data and references Short biography Short biography From the Catholic Encyclopedia, 1913

69. History Of Astronomy: Topics: Calendars, Time And Chronology A Brief History of Time From Thales to callippus by Chris Weinkopf A student'scourse paper; Timekeeping at the US Naval Observatory (History). See also http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/hist_astr/ha_items_calendar.html

History of Astronomy Topics History of Astronomy: Topics: Calendars, Time and Chronology Horology - The Index A Walk Through Time: Evolution of Time Measurement From ancient calendars to the "atomic" age, including a bibliography Time: General Royal Greenwich Observatory Information Leaflet No. 27 Dates and Dating From the Catholic Encyclopedia, 1913 CalendarLand Calendars: General Royal Greenwich Observatory Information Leaflet No. 50 Links to Web calendar resources / Calendar Bibliography Calendar Calendar Conversions Julian day number, Day of week, Gregorian calendar, Julian calendar, Jewish calendar, French republican calendar. The Calendar FAQ Calendar History Calendar Links Greek Science: Calendars in the Classical world , by Anne Rego Calendars , by Michelle Satorhelyi (5 Oct 2001: disappeared) The Seven-Day Week and the Meanings of the Names of the Days A History of the Months and the Meanings of their Names Focusing on Words (25 July 1996: disappeared?) This site will be presenting "time systems of the world, past and present", and starts with a combination of the Julian and Gregorian calendars

70. Ein Wenig Theorie Translate this page Noch eine kleine Geschichte der Zeit - Von Thales zu callippus. Eine kleineEinführung in deutsch Sonnenuhren. Interessante Thesen Startime sundial. http://home.pages.at/natuhr/uhrenlinks/sonnenuhren/theorie.htm

suchen kontakt Ein wenig Theorie GNOMONICA - Meridiane e Orologi Solari - italienische Impressionen Eine kleine Einführung in italienisch... Gruppo Astrofili Piceni: Orologi solari Eine kleine Einführung in französisch... Les excursion d'un Grand Optimiste Eine wissenschaftliche Herangehensweise... ... Jack Aubert's Sonnenseite

71. On The Question Of The "Revised Julian Calendar" The more accurate figure is 365.2422 days, a figure close to that knownto the ancient Greek astronomers (callippus, Ptolemy, et al). http://www.stjohndc.org/what/9609ca1.htm

T he R ussian O rthodox C athedral of S t. J ohn the B aptist, W ashington, D.C. On the question of the "Revised Julian Calendar" Father George Lardas (From an Orthodox Discussion List) The matter of the "Revised Julian Calendar" has recently been raised on this list and has generated some discussion. Since some were wondering about its relation to the traditional calendar of the Church, the Julian Calendar, on the one hand, and the Gregorian Calendar on the other, as well as the question of their astronomical accuracy, I thought the following might be helpful: As everyone knows, the year is about 365 and a quarter days long. This is, however, only an approximation. We are concerned here with the seasonal, or tropical year, the average time from vernal equinox (the beginning of spring) to vernal equinox. The more accurate figure is 365.2422 days, a figure close to that known to the ancient Greek astronomers (Callippus, Ptolemy, et al). The Julian Calendar, the Church's traditional calendar, has 365 days in a year and an extra day added once every fourth year to February, making an average year length of 365.25 days. When the Church chose this as her own calendar at the Council of Nicaea (AD 325), the vernal equinox fell on 21 March. But since the Julian year is 0.0078 days longer than the true year, over a span of time 21 March will occur later than the astronomical equinox at the rate of about one day in 128 years. By 1582, when Pope Gregory XIII changed the calendar, 21 March fell 10 days after the astronomical event. He adjusted the calendar by omitting 10 days from that year, so that the following year the astronomical equinox would fall on 21 March again, and he also adjusted the rule for leap years to keep the calendar date from drifting away from the astronomical event. This is accomplished by dropping a leap day every centennial year (those divisible by 100), but retaining the leap day every year divisible by 400. In other words, the years 1700, 1800, and 1900 are not leap years in the Gregorian calendar, but the years 1600 and 2000 are leap years. To obtain the average length of the Gregorian year, we must subtract from the Julian year three days in four hundred years

72. The Telson Spur: Field Nodes -- Concepts (1): Philosophy Philosophy (Björn Christensson) Blackwell Publishers' Guide to Online PhilosophyResources A Brief History of Time From Thales to callippus (Chris Weinkopf http://www.islandnet.com/~pjhughes/sci.htm

Contents Jump Search Gopher ... Index Concepts The Way of the Intellect DESCRIPTION : Insofar as it is a search for understanding, the search for meaning is a search for knowledge. Knowledge understood is obtained by the intellect, by reason and observation, and concepts are the means by which it is expressed. The first of three pages on Concepts (one of the Field Nodes comprising the subject tree of The Telson Spur ), this page is a list of links to on-line resources in philosophy. The coordinate pages, with a common header and List of Contents , contain links to resources in science studies and in the history and philosophy of science, and to resources in the dialogue of science with religion and in palaetiology, ( i.e. , historical science, broadly construed). For Ideas, see Ideas: The Record of Homo sapiens KEYWORDS : philosophy; logic; ethics; aesthetics; knowledge; epistemology; metaphysics; ontology; being; truth; reality; concept; Weltanschauung ; world-view No man, even the most learned in his discipline, can progress farther along the road to perfection than the point where he is found most knowing in the very ignorance that characterizes him; and he will be the more learned, the more he comes to know himself for ignorant. Nicholas of Cusa The penalty of knowledge is doubt.

73. NASS Links - Sites Dial; A Brief History of Time From Thales to callippus; The MacTutorHistory Archive; History of Astronomy - University of Bonn; Article http://sundials.org/links/sites.htm

INTRODUCTION T here are two other important Internet sources for information on Sundials. The first is Sundials on the Internet . Links to pages on SotI are included in the list below, and are suffixed with [SotI] S econd is The Sundial Mailing List maintained by Daniel Roth. The Internet dialing community is indebted to Daniel for the mailing list, as well as his list of links from which those below were originally derived. H ere is a link to the AltaVista translation utility which may help you with pages that are not in your native language. P lease report new or dead links to the Webmaster NEW!! - a category for New Links FEATURED SITES The Sundial Site of Frans Maes (English) (Dutch) Sotheby's auction of sundials from the Time Museum (Rockford, IL) Epact - Scientific Instruments of Medieval and Renaissance Europe A starting point for the many sundial pages at the Bremen Planetarium (German) NEW LINKS New links will be kept here for a few weeks before they are categorized. A Sunrise Analemma Deutsches Museum Der Sonnenuhrengarten University of Sydney Museum Sundials and Other Time Pieces The Kellogg's Rasin Bran Sundial GEOCACHING - Sundials (Interesting!)

74. Ashmolean Museum: FAQ4 - The Parian Marble (Chad2-23) 16 330/29BC, 6) From when callippus demonstrated astrology, and Alexander tookDarius and hanged Bessus, 66 years, when Aristophon was archon at Athens. http://www.ashmol.ox.ac.uk/ash/faqs/q004/q004016.html

Introduction Information The Collections What's On ... More Information Index More Information F.A.Q.s Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology Department of Antiquities The Parian Marble: Translation B. The Paros Fragment Entries 1-10 [Interleaved Greek and English text (translation by Gillian Newing)] Page 9 of 11 1)_ [Philip died] and Ale[xander] is king, 72 years, when Pythodelus was archon at Athens. 2) From when Alexander marched against the Triballoi and Illyrians, and when the Thebans rose up and besieged the garrison, he came back, took the city by force, and destroyed it; 71 years, when Euainetus was archon in Athens. 3) From Alexander's crossing into Asia and the battle near the Granicus, and from the battle of Alexander against Darius at Issus, 70 years, when Ctesicles was archon at Athens. 4) From when Alexander seized Phoenicia and Cyprus and Egypt, 69 years, when Nicocrates was archon at Athens. 5) From the battle of Alexander against Darius near Arbela, which Alexander won. And Babylon was taken, and he dismissed the allies, and Alexandria was founded, 68 years, when Niketus was archon at Athens. 6) From when Callippus demonstrated astrology, and Alexander took Darius and hanged Bessus, 66 years, when Aristophon was archon at Athens.

75. Cooper To Detweiler Demosthenes, Against Boeotus; Demosthenes, Against Callicles; Demosthenes,Against callippus; Demosthenes, Against Conon; Demosthenes, Against http://www.ku.edu/carrie/stacks/books005.htm

Cooper to Descartes Cooper, James Fenimore: The Last of the Mohicans Cooper, W. V., trans.: The Consolation of Philosophy ... Crowley, Jeremiah, Papal Despotism (Chapter 8 from Romanism cummings, e.e.: Spring is like a perhaps hand cummings, e.e.: Somewhere cummings, e.e.: O sweet Curry, David: Improving the security of your UNIX system ... Two Years before the Mast Dante (Dante Alighieri - 1265-1321), Divine Comedy , translated by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882) Canticle I. Inferno Canticle II. Purgatorio Canticle III. Paradiso Darby, John N. (1801-1881), Synopsis to the Books of the Bible (work in progress) ... The Princess Aline Davis, Richard Harding: The Scarlet Car Davis, Richard Harding: Soldiers of Fortune Deakin, Michael A. B.: The Primary Sources for the Life and Work of Hypatia of Alexandria De Bonte, Peter W.: ... Dekker, Eduard Douwes Multatuli: Max Havelaar [zipped] Dekker, Thomas: Blurt, Master Constable Demades: On The Twelve Years Demmel, James: ... Meditations on the First Philosophy Return to Carrie Main Stacks Site maintained by Kendall Simmons URL: http://www.ukans.edu/carrie/stacks/books005.htm

76. Tide And Current Glossary Devised by callippus, a Greek astronomer, about 350 BC, as a suggested improvementon the Metonic cycle for a period in which new and full Moon would recur on http://co-ops.nos.noaa.gov/glossary/gloss_c.html

77. ASTR 228: Chapter 6 - Aristotelian Science And Cosmology as being real ? 6.4. Aristotle (384 322 BC). Adopted basic Eudoxiansystem as modified by callippus (ca. 370 - ca. 300 BC); Major http://www.physics.gmu.edu/classinfo/astr228/CourseNotes/ln_ch06.htm

Chapter 6. Aristotelian Science and Cosmology Latest Modification: March 19, 1996 6.1. Socrates of Athens (470 - 399 b.c.) Ex stone cutter turned philosopher Represents a watershed in Greek philosophy; turned philosophical discussion from cosmological questions of the 5th and 6th century to questions of political and ethical concerns Plato of Athens (428 - 348 B.C.) Two-sphere concept, Earth as one sphere, surrounded by second set of spheres - the celestial realm Set task, according to Simplicius, of finding out "the uniform and ordered motions by the assumption of which the apparent movements of the planets can be accounted for" Aesthetic argument based on symmetry; apparently reasoned that celestial realm was arrayed on perfect geometric figure, the sphere, with planets moving in perfectly symmetric plane figure, the circle Generations of astronomers thought that planetary movements must be accounted for by combinations of uniform circular motions with Earth at center The ultimate product of geocentric cosmology was the Ptolemaic system. 6.3. Eudoxus of Cnidus (ca. 400 - ca. 347 B.C.)

78. Calipo De Cízico Translate this page Nació en Cyzicus Asia Menor aproximadamente el 370 aC y murió hacia el 310 aC yse tiene noticia que callippus de Cyzicus trabajo con Aristóteles hacia 330 http://almaak.tripod.com/biografias/Calipo.htm

Astronomía Autodidacta PRINCIPAL Calipo de Cízico © 2002. Carlos Andrés Carvajal T. Astrónomo Autodidacta. Nació en Cyzicus Asia Menor aproximadamente el 370 a.C. y murió hacia el 310 a.C. y se tiene noticia que Callippus de Cyzicus trabajo con Aristóteles hacia 330 a.C. Estudió en la escuela de Eudoxo y realizó observaciones astronómicas en el Helesponto. Su trabajo con Aristóteles en parte consistió en corregir y completar los descubrimientos de Eudoxo. Realizó determinaciones precisas sobre la duración de las estaciones y construyó un ciclo de 76 años que comprendían 940 meses para armonizar los años lunares y solares, este calendario fue adoptado en el 330 a.C. y utilizado por astrónomos posteriores. El calendario de Calipo esta basado en el periodo metódico ( siete años de 13 meses lunares y doce años de 12 meses lunares), diseñado por Metón (nacido alrededor del 460 a.C). El periodo Calípico es un ciclo de 4 periodos metónicos siendo mas preciso que este porque corregía la duración del año (365.25 días) que tenia un error en los cálculos de Metón (365 días). De esta manera el ciclo Calípico comprendía 4 x 235 días, o 940 meses lunares reduciendo la duración de los cuatro ciclos metónicos en un día. El total de días entonces quedó en (441 x 29) + (499 x 30), o 27,759 y 27,759 / (19 x 4) da 365.25 días. De esta manera Calipo hizo coincidir 940 meses lunares con 76 años tropicales de 365.25 días. Calipo en asocio a Aristóteles introdujo un sistema de 34 esferas para explicar el movimiento de los cuerpos celestes. El Sol, la Luna, Mercurio, Venus y Marte cada uno tenía cinco esferas, mientras que Júpiter, Saturno tenían 4 y las estrellas una. Esta adición de una esfera al sistema de Eudoxo aumentó la precisión de la teoría que exponía que los planetas se movían en círculo perfectos.

79. The San Antonio LitWeb Demosthenes Page Aphobus 2 On Line Against Aristocrates On Line Against Aristogiton 2 On Line AgainstBoeotus I On Line Against Callicles On Line Against callippus On Line http://www.accd.edu/sac/english/bailey/demosthe.htm

The Demosthenes Page ( 382-322 B. C. ) Surviving Works The surviving works of Demosthenes are translated by J. H. Vince, A. T. Murray and others in seven volumes of the Loeb Classical Library. Harvard, 1926-1949. There are introductions to individual works in all of the volumes, and volume I has a brief life of Demosthenes. On-Line Works from M.I.T.: Against Androtion On Line Against Apatourius On Line Against Aphobus 2 On Line Against Aristocrates On Line Against Aristogiton 2 On Line Against Boeotus I On Line Against Callicles On Line Against Callippus On Line Against Conon On Line Against Dionysodorus On Line Against Evergus and Mnesibulus On Line Against Eubulides On Line Against Lacritus On Line Against Leptines On Line Against Leochares On Line Against Macartatus On Line Against Midias On Line Against Neaera On Line Against Nausimachus and Xenopeithes On Line Against Olympiodorus On Line Against Ontenor On Line Against Nicostratus On Line Against Pantaenetus On Line Against Phormio On Line Against Phaenippus On Line Against Polycles On Line Against Spudias On Line Against Stephanus 2 On Line Against Theocrines On Line Against Timocrates On Line Against Timotheus On Line Against Zenothemis On Line Erotic Essay On Line Exordia On Line For The Megalopolitans On Line For Phormio On Line Funeral Speech On Line Letters On Line Olynthiac 3 On Line Olynthiac 2 On Line Olynthiac 1 On Line On The Trierarchic Crown

80. Www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/people/faculty/tenn/HetheringtonEncycTOC.txt Big Squeeze 42 Blue Shift 42 Bolometric Magnitude 42 Brahe, Tycho (15461601) 42Brahe's Cosmology 46 Buridan, Jean (1295-1358) 48 C-Field 51 callippus (b. ca. http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/people/faculty/tenn/HetheringtonEncycTOC.txt

http://yorty.sonoma.edu/people/faculty/tenn/Table of contents for Hetherington, Norriss S., ed., Encyclopedia of Cosmology (Garland, NY, 1993). ISBN 0-8240-7213-8. Absolute Magnitude 3 Alhazen (965-ca. 1040) 3 Alpha-Beta-Gamma Theory 3 Anaximander (610-546 B.C.) 4 Anaximenes (fl. 546 B.C.) 4 Andromeda Galaxy 4 Anthropic Principle 11 Apparent Magnitude 17 Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) 19 Aristotle's Cosmology 20 Astronomical Unit 25 Atomist Cosmology 25 Averroes (1126-1198) 27 Avicenna (980-1037) 27 Baade, Walter (1893-1960) 29 Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm (1784-1846) 30 Big Bang Cosmology 31 Big Chill/Big Crunch 42 Big Squeeze 42 Blue Shift 42 Bolometric Magnitude 42 Brahe, Tycho (1546-1601) 42 Brahe's Cosmology 46 Buridan, Jean (1295-1358) 48 C-Field 51 Callippus (b. ca. 370 B.C.) 51 Campbell, Wm. Wallace (1862-1938) 52 Cave Dweller Cosmology 53 Chalcidius 55 Chamberlin, Thomas C. (1843-1928) 56 Chamberlin-Moulton Hypothesis 56 Chaucer's Cosmology 58 Chinese Cosmology 63 Cold Dark Matter 70 Cold Dark Matter Model 70 Copernican Cosmology 71 Copernican Revolution 92 Copernicus, Nicolas (1473-1543) 99 Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation 100 Cosmic Mindstep 105 Cosmic Scale Factor 106 Cosmic Strings 106 Cosmogony 115 Cosmological Constant 115 Cosmology 116 Cosmology 1900-1931 116 Creation in Cosmology 126 Critical Energy Density 136 Curtis, Heber Doust 138 Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) 139 Dante's Moral Cosmology 140 Dark Matter 148 Deceleration of the Universe 158 Decoupling Time 159 Descartes, Rene (1596-1650) 160 Descartes's Mechanical Cosmology 164 Digges, Thomas (1546-1595) 176 Dirac, Paul Andrien Maurice (1902-1984) 177 Dirac's Cosmology 177 Distance Modulus 179 Doppler, Christian (1803-1853) 179 Doppler Shift 180 Dreyer, Johann Louis Emil (1852-1926) 180 Early Greek Cosmology 183 Eddington, Arthur Stanley (1882-1944) 188 Egyptian Cosmology 189 Einstein, Albert (1879-1955) 194 Empedocles (ca. 492-432 B.C.) 195 Empyrean Orb 196 Eternal Universe 196 Eodoxus (ca. 400-347 B.C.) 197 Eudoxus's Cosmology 198 Evolution of a Newtonian Universe 201 Exponential Expansion in an Inflationary Universe 204 False Vacuum 205 Fath, Edward A. (1880-1959) 206 Fireworks Theory of Cosmic Evolution 208 Flatness Problem 208 Fontenelle, Bernard de Bovier(1657-1757) 212 Formation of Galaxies 212 Fraunhofer, Joseph von (1787-1826) 217 Fundamental Cosmological Parameters 218 Galilei, Galileo (1564-1642) 245 Galileo and the Inquisition 248 Galileo's Cosmology 252 General Catalogue 254 Grand Unified Theories 254 Great Attractor 260 Great Debate 260 Great Wall 262 Greek Cosmology 263 Heavens 267 Henderson, Thomas (1798-1878) 268 Heraclitus (fl. ca. 500 B.C.) 268 Herschel, F. William (1738-1822) 268 Herschel, John F.W. (1792-1871) 269 Herschel's (W.) Cosmology 273 Hertzsprung, Ejnar (1873-1967) 277 Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram 278 Hexameral Treatises 280 Hipparchus (2nd century B.C.) 281 Horizon Distance 281 Horizon Problem 281 Hot Dark Matter 283 Hot Dark Matter Model 283 Hoyle-Narlikar Theory 283 Hubble, Edwin P. (1889-1953) 283 Hubble Constant 284 Hubble Diagram 284 Hubble Time 285 Hubble's Cosmology 285 Hubble's Law 296 Huggins, Sir William (1824-1910) 296 Humason, Milton (1891-1972) 297 Ibn al-'Arabi (1165-1240) 299 Index Catalogues 301 Inflationary Universe 301 International System 322 Islamic Cosmology 322 Jeans, James Hopwood (1877-1946) 331 K-effect 333 Kant, Immanuel (1724-1804) 334 Kant's Cosmology 335 Keeler, James Edward (1857-1900) 343 Kepler, Johannes (1571-1630) 345 Kepler's Cosmology 346 Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert (1824-1887) 353 Laplace, Pierre-Simon, Marquis de (1749-1827)355 Large-Number Hypothesis 355 Large-Scale Structure and Galaxy Formation 356 Lemaitre, Georges (1894-1966) 365 Light-Year 366 Lombard, Peter (died ca. 1160) 366 Magnitude System 367 Martianus Capella (ca. 365-400) 369 Mayer-Teller Theory 369 Medieval Cosmology 370 Megalithic Cosmology 380 Mesopotamian Accounts of Creation 387 Messier, Charles (1730-1817) 408 Messier Catalogue 409 Milne, Edward Arthur (1896-1950) 409 Milne's Cosmology 410 Minkowski, Rudolph L. (1895-1976) 416 Moulton, Forest Ray (1872-1952) 417 Multiple Universes 417 Native American Cosmologies 427 Nebular Hypothesis 436 Neutralinos 437 New General Catalogue 437 Newton, Isaac (1642-1727) 437 Newtonian Cosmology 438 Nineteenth-Century Cosmology and Reflecting Telescopes 444 North Polar Sequence 450 Oresme, Nicole (1320-1382) 451 Origins of Primordial Nucleosynthesis and Prediction of Cosmic Background Radiation453 Origins of Steady State Theory 475 Parallax 479 Parmenides (ca. 515-450 B.C.) 479 Parsons, Wm, Third Earl of Rosse (1800-1867)479 Perfect Cosmological Principle 480 Philosophical Aspects of the Origin of Modern Cosmology 481 Phoenix Universe 495 Photographic Magnitude 495 Photovisual Magnitude 495 Plato (428/427-348/347 B.C.) 495 Plato's Cosmology 499 Plurality of Worlds 502 Primeval Atom Hypothesis 512 Proper Motion 513 Ptolemaic Planetary Theory 513 Ptolemy (2nd century A.D.) 526 Ptolemy's Cosmology 528 Pythagoras (ca. 560-480 B.C.) 544 Quantum Cosmology and the Creation of the Universe 547 Quasars and Cosmology 558 Radius of Curvature of the Universe 565 Redshift 565 References 565 Relativistic Cosmology 566 Religion and Cosmology 579 Robertson-Walker Metric 595 Robinson, Thomas Romney (1793-1882) 595 Romantic Cosmology 596 Sakharov, Andrei Dmitrievich (1921-1989) 605 Scheiner, Julius (1858-1913) 608 Secular Parallax 609 Seeds 609 Seneca, Lucius Annaeus (ca. 4 B.C.-A.D. 65) 609 Sentences 609 Slipher, Vesto Melvin (1875-1969) 609 Smoothness Problem 610 Spectroscopic Parallax 612 Spectroscopy and Cosmology 613 Spectrum 625 Speed of Light 626 Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking 626 Statisticial Parallax 628 Steady State Theory 629 Stebbins-Whitford Effect 636 Stellar Parallax 636 Struve, Friedrich Georg Wilhelm 639 Systematic Constitution 640 Thales (625?-547 B.C.) 641 Theon of Smyrna (early 2nd century A.D.) 642 Timaeus 643 Topological Defects 643 Trigonometric Parallax 643 Tully-Fisher Relation 643 U B V System 645 Universe 645 Van Maanen, Adriaan (1884-1946) 645 Van Maanen's Internal Motions in Spiral Nebulae 646 Vogel, Hermann Carl (1841-1907) 656 Weakily Interacting Massive Particles 659 Wilkins, John (1614-1672) 659 Wirtz, Carl Wilhelm (1876-1939) 660 Xenophanes (ca. 575-478 B.C.) 661 YLEM 661 Zwicky, Fritz (1898-1974) 661 J. S. Tenn, 1997-03-30

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