21. THE X - FILES .. CREDITS ..empedocles 8ABX17 Original AirDate 04/22/01 Written by Greg Walker Directed by Barry K. Thomas Starring http://www.thex-files.com/episodes/season8/8x17.html

22. Papyrus Of Empedocles Found of Brussels University has claimed that a piece of papyrus, held at the Universityof Strasbourg since 1904, contains 70 lines of text by empedocles (c.495435 http://faculty.washington.edu/smcohen/320/PapyrusFound.html

Rare Find of Pre-Socratic Writings Alain Martin of Brussels University has claimed that a piece of papyrus, held at the University of Strasbourg since 1904, contains 70 lines of text by Empedocles (c.495-435 BC), the Sicilian philosopher who developed the idea that everything is made up of four elements earth, air, fire and water. If true, it will be a major find, as very few manuscripts by pre-Socratic philosophers survive. The papyrus is of Egyptian origin and has been dated to the 1st century BC. Although Empedocles is cited and quoted by other writers, including Aristotle, only two poems survive from his original writings, making the discovery especially important. Empedocles is credited with having founded modern medicine as well as prefiguring Darwin, in a poem which talks of survival of the fittest among competing amalgams of limbs and body parts. His greatest fame, however, is in the legend that he leapt into the volcanic crater of Mount Etna to prove his divinity. He did not survive to tell the tale. News release of 9/27/97. From

23. Empedocles empedocles was a pluralist philosopher who saw change as the resultof two forces, love and strife. empedocles. empedocles was a http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/empedocles/

zfp=-1 About History Ancient/Classical History Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting in partnership with Ancient/Classical History with N.S. Gill Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') This Week's Articles tod('tih'); Today in History Daily Quiz tod('pod'); Picture of the Day Special Subscription Offers Subscribe Now Choose One: Subscribe Customer Service Subjects A to Z COLOSSEUM Cleopatra Pictures WEAPONS WARFARE ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Empedocles Empedocles was a pluralist philosopher who saw change as the result of two forces, love and strife. Empedocles Known as a poet, statesman, and man of medicine as well as philosopher, Empedocles encouraged people to look upon him as a miracle worker. Philosophically he believed in the four elements, earth, air, fire, and water as the basic components of everything. Philosophers Timeline Chronological list of Greek and Roman philosophers and mathematicians with dates. Empedocles (Kirk and Raven) Synopsis of Empedocles' theories.

24. Pre-Socratic Philosophers: Empedocles empedocles of Acragas was a poet, statesman, and man of medicine as well as philosopher. ThePresocratic Philosophers. empedocles of Acragas (492432 BC). http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/weekly/aa010599e.htm

zfp=-1 About History Ancient/Classical History Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting in partnership with Ancient/Classical History with N.S. Gill Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') This Week's Articles tod('tih'); Today in History Daily Quiz tod('pod'); Picture of the Day Special Subscription Offers Subscribe Now Choose One: Subscribe Customer Service Subjects A to Z COLOSSEUM Cleopatra Pictures WEAPONS WARFARE ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement The Presocratic Philosophers Empedocles of Acragas (492-432 B.C.) More of This Feature Presocratic Philosophy Anaxagoras Empedocles Heraclitus ... Zeno Related Resources Presocratic Philosophy Four Elements and Humors Anaxagoras Elsewhere on the Web IEP Empedocles Empedocles of Acragas Known as a poet, statesman, and man of medicine as well as philosopher, Empedocles encouraged people to look upon him as a miracle worker. Philosophically he believed in the four elements, earth, air, fire, and water as the basic components of everything. 450 lines remain of Empedocles' two poems written in hexameter: On Nature and Purifications Empedocles rejected the existence of empty space, saying nothing comes from nothing.

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26. Empedocles Of Akragas (ca. 492-ca. 432 BC) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Sci empedocles of Akragas (ca. 492ca. 432 BC), References. Kingsley, P. AncientPhilosophy, Mystery, and Magic empedocles and Pythagorean Tradition. http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Empedocles.html

Branch of Science Philosophers Nationality Greek Empedocles of Akragas (ca. 492-ca. 432 BC) Greek philosopher who was a subscriber to the Pythagorean school of natural philosophers, but without the mysticism of his contemporaries. He felt that we must use the data from our senses, even though they could not be completely trusted. He believed the Moon shone by reflected light. He postulated that all substances were made up of air, earth, fire, and water combined in different proportions. He is the first to have suggested the humoral theory, later adopted by the Hippocratics . He also proposed a crude theory of evolution. Hippocrates of Cos Pythagoras Additional biographies: Bonn Greek and Roman Science and Technology References Kingsley, P. Ancient Philosophy, Mystery, and Magic: Empedocles and Pythagorean Tradition. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1997. Author: Eric W. Weisstein

27. Empedocles, Greece, Ancient History empedocles (c.490430 BC). Philosopher, poet and statesman from Agrigentum onSicily. empedocles instituted democracy after owerthrowing the oligarchy. http://www.in2greece.com/english/historymyth/history/ancient/empedocles.htm

Empedocles (c.490-430 BC) Philosopher, poet and statesman from Agrigentum on Sicily. His teachers were Pythagoras and Parmenides. Just like Pythagoras, Empedocles said to remember previous lives, not only as various humans, but also as a fish and a bush for example. Empedocles instituted democracy after owerthrowing the oligarchy. As a philosopher, he believed reality is cyclical and consists of the four elements earth, air, fire and water. These elements contract and separate according to the two opposing forces love and hate. He also formed a primitive thery on evolution, declating that humans and animals evolve from antecedent forms. Empedocles is said to have comitted suicide by jumbing into the volcano Etna. The volcano threw back one of his sandals, though. Webmistress V.E.K. Sandels Home Who is Who in ... -Antigonos Gonatas -Antigonos Monophtalmos -Antipater -Antisthenes -Anyte -Apelles ... -Zeuxis

28. Encyclopædia Britannica empedocles Encyclopædia Britannica Article. To cite this page MLA style empedocles. Encyclopædia Britannica 2003 Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=33119

29. Empedocles - Encyclopedia Article From Britannica.com empedocles bc 490 BC,, Acragas, Sicily d. 430, the Peloponnese, Greece Greek philosopher,statesman, poet, religious teacher, and physiologist. empedocles. http://www.britannica.com/seo/e/empedocles/

Search Empedocles at Britannica.com for the Web's best sites, news and magazine articles, and related products. To view the complete article, sign up for Britannica's premium service - Empedocles b. c. 490 BC,, Acragas, Sicily d. 430, the Peloponnese, Greece Greek philosopher, statesman, poet, religious teacher, and physiologist. According to legend only, Empedocles was a self-styled god who brought about his own death, as dramatized by the English poet Matthew Arnold in "Empedocles on Etna," by flinging himself into the volcanic crater Need more? Complete articles are available to premium service members. Information on site licenses is also available. About Us Advertise With Us Syndication International Publishing ... Help

30. Empedocles From FOLDOC empedocles. Human beings corrupted by eating animal flesh, empedocles, supposed,pursue philosophy in an effort to contribute positively to the cosmic cycle. http://www.swif.uniba.it/lei/foldop/foldoc.cgi?Empedocles

31. Empedocles empedocles. 10/19/00. Click here to start. Table of Contents. empedocles. empedoclesLife. empedocles Life Texts. empedocles Life. empedocles On Nature. http://www.transy.edu/homepages/philosophy/empedoclespp/

Empedocles Click here to start Table of Contents Empedocles Empedocles: Life Empedocles: Life Empedocles: On Nature ... PPT Slide Author: Peter S. Fosl Email: pfosl@mail.transy.edu Home Page: http://www.transy.edu/homepages/philosophy/ancient.syll Download presentation source

32. Empedocles: Life First Previous Next Last Index Home Text. Slide 2 of 10. http://www.transy.edu/homepages/philosophy/empedoclespp/sld002.htm

33. Empedocles empedocles. Do you agree with empedocles that there is genuine becoming andthat you are not deceived by your senses into thinking that there is? http://www.abu.nb.ca/Courses/GrPhil/Empedocles.htm

Empedocles 1. Introduction Parmenides and his school assert that Being is one (monism) and changeless, a position that contradicts the world of common sense. Empedocles responds to Eleatic philosophy in what seems to be an attempt to reconcile Parmenides's necessary or self-evident truths with the testimony of the senses that Being is many (pluralism) and changing. In other words, Empedocles is a hybrid between a rationalist and an empiricist, seeking to reconcile the demands of reason with the testimony of his senses. Given Parmenides's adoption of a "two-truth" theory, it is not surprising that some would seek to reconcile these "two truths," since it is contradictory both to affirm and deny something. Do you agree with Empedocles that there is genuine becoming and that you are not deceived by your senses into thinking that there is? 2. Biographical Information Empedocles was born in Akgragas, a Greek city in Sicily, sometime in the early fifth century BCE. He played an important role in the political affairs of his city, being known as a defender of democracy. He was also reputed to have been a religious teacher and leader, probably being involved in some form of Pythagoreanism. Empedocles wrote two philosophical poems entitled On Nature and Purifications , of which several fragments have survived. Some of the fragments are too brief to be of much use in reconstructing his philosophical views, but there are others that are longer and quite useful. In addition, later philosophers summarize Empedocles's view and, in some cases (e.g., Aristotle), are critical of them.

34. STEFAN STENUDD - Empedocles. Cosmos Of The Ancients ----------- empedocles. COSMOS OF THE ANCIENTS The Greek Philosophers on Myth and Cosmology by Stefan Stenudd, Swedish author and Historian of Ideas. empedocles. http://www.stenudd.com/myth/greek/empedocles.htm

About the writer Stefan Stenudd Cosmos of the Ancients The Greek Philosophers on Myth and Cosmology Empedocles s for Empedocles (c. 490-430 BC), he saw the world as somewhat a battleground of two major forces – love (Philia) joining things together, and strife (Neikos) breaking them apart. To him the basic elements were four, each one bearing the name of a god – Zeus was fire, Hera was air, Aidoneus was earth and Nestis water: Hear first the four roots of all things: bright Zeus and life-bringing Hera and Aidoneus and Nestis, whose tears are the source of mortal streams. Love he also calls joy, linking it to the goddess Aphrodite. No god was, though, in any way of human countenance: For he is not equipped with a human head on a body, [two branches do not spring from his back], he has no feet, no swift knees, no shaggy genitals, but he is mind alone, holy and inexpressible, darting through the whole cosmos with swift thoughts. In his poetic vision with a flare for magnificence – that of nature as well as that of himself – Empedocles saw in this everlasting exchange between love and strife, between joining and separating, a beauty that is easy to appreciate: And these things never cease their continual exchange of position, at one time all coming together into one through love, at another again being borne away from each other by strife's repulsion.

35. NOVA Online | Cracking The Code Of Life | Understanding Heredity (c. 550 B.C. - Darwin Mendel Morgan Crick Watson McClintock Genome Project, An excerpt from empedocles'ancient text on heredity, c. 490430 BC empedocles Pythagoras' theory http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/genome/her_emp.html

An excerpt from Empedocles' ancient text on heredity c. 490-430 B.C. Empedocles Pythagoras' theory of heredity could not readily explain the obvious occurrence of shared physical traits between a mother and her child. Empedocles, another Greek thinker, accounted for Pythagoras' oversight by asserting that semen blended with female sexual fluid found inside a woman's body. An embryo, he believed, resulted from the mixing of male and female hereditary material found in these sexual fluids. Watch the Program Here Our Genetic Future (A Survey) Manipulating Genes: How Much is Too Much? Understanding Heredity ... WGBH

36. Philosophy - Presocratics Empedocles empedocles (about 459 BC). empedocles was a citizen of Agrigentum in Sicily. Besidesmedical skill empedocles possessed poetical talents. http://www.ancientgr.com/archaeonia/philosophy/presocratics/empedocles.htm

37. Theosophy Library Online - Great Teacher Series - EMPEDOCLES empedocles. There is empedocles was born there around 495 BC, the sonof Meton, a prosperous and influential citizen. The wealthy http://theosophy.org/tlodocs/teachers/Empedocles.htm

EMPEDOCLES There is an oracle of Necessity, ancient decree of the gods, Eternal, sealed with solemn oaths, That whenever one of the daimones, allotted long life, Fouls his limbs by unwitting involvement in murder, Or in strife falsely swears an oath, He is exiled to wander for thirty thousand seasons Far from the blessed gods, being born in myriads of mortal forms, on the painful paths of life. The mighty ether chases him into the seas. The sea spews him forth upon the threshold of earth, And earth casts him into the sun's shining splendour. The sun hurls him into the whirling ether's vortex. Thus one receives him from the other, and all loathe him. I, too, am one of these now, fugitive from the gods And wanderer, for I yielded to raging Strife's enticement. EMPEDOCLES dike, justice or karma, showing the power of dialogue to touch the vital core of ethics. Even as a youth, Empedocles seized the opportunity of his fortunate birth to study philosophy, the arts and natural science. Politics came naturally to him. Unlike any of his older contemporaries, he sensed the significance of the attack of Xerxes upon Greece, and in 480 B.C. composed an epic poem on the subject. Neanthes claimed that Empedocles wrote seven tragedies in his youth, but none of these survive. He grasped the intent of the Milesian philosophers to establish the operating principles of nature, and he was so deeply impressed by the logical arguments of Parmenides that he composed his own philosophical poems in dactylic hexameters, the metre of the

38. Empedocles empedocles of Acragas. 495435 BC. empedocles elements. empedocles proposedthat there are four universal elements; air, fire, earth, and water. http://www.personality-project.org/perproj/others/heineman/emped.htm

39. EMPEDOCLES empedocles. in a pkturesque region on the eastern slope of the Blue RidgeMountains. His grandfather empedocles was victorious in the Olympian. http://91.1911encyclopedia.org/E/EM/EMPEDOCLES.htm

document.write(""); EMPEDOCLES in a pkturesque region on the eastern slope of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Two miles S.W. is Mount St. Mary’s College (Roman Catholic), founded in 1808 by the Rev. John du Bois (1764—1842) —its president until 1826, when he became bishop of New York-and chartered by the state in 1830. The Ecclesiastical Seminary of the college has been a great training school, and has been called the “ Nursery of Bishops “; among its graduates have been Bishop Hughes, Cardinal McCloskey and Archbishop Corrigan. ~n 1908 the college had 25 instructors and 350 students, of whom 57 were in the Ecclesiastical Seminary, and 6I in the Minim Department. Half a mile S. of the town is St Joseph’s College and Academy (incorporated in 1816), for young women, which is conducted by the Sisters of Charity—this order was introduced into the United States at Emmitsburg by Mrs Elizabeth Ann Seton in 1809. The first settlement at Emmitsburg was made about 1773. It was at first called “Silver Fancy,” and then for a time was known as “ Poplar Fields “; but in 1786 the present name was adopted in honour of William Emmitt, one of the original settlers. The town was incorporated in 1824. See N. G. van Kampen, Geschiedenis der letteren en wetenschappen in de Nederlanden (The Hague, 182 I—f 826).

40. Empedocles empedocles (c. 490430 BC). empedocles was born in Acragas on the southcoast of Sicily. empedocles was born into a rich aristocratic family. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/E/Empedocles/1.h

Empedocles (c. 490-430 BC) Empedocles was born in Acragas on the south coast of Sicily. The name Acragas is Greek, while the Latin name for the town was Agrigentum. Later the town was called Girgenti and more recently it became known by its present name of Agrigento. It was one of the most beautiful cities of the ancient world up to the time it was destroyed by the Carthaginians in 406 BC. It was, in Empedocles time, a rich city containing the finest Greek culture. Some of the Pythagoreans had come there after being attacked in their centre at Croton. Empedocles was born into a rich aristocratic family. He travelled throughout the Greek world participating fully in the extraordinary desire for learning and understanding which gripped that part of the world. He is described as follows by Sarton [5]:- He was not only a philosopher but a poet, a seer, a physicist, a social reformer, a man of so much enthusiasm that he would easily be considered a charlatan by some people, or become a legendary hero in the eyes of others. There are many legends regarding Empedocles life. He wrote poetry and 450 lines of such had been preserved by later writers such as Simplicius, Aristotle, Plutarch and others. It is not difficult to see the source of most of the legends about Empedocles for these are built on the poems that he wrote himself. In these he claims god-like powers, but whether this was simply a poetic style or whether he really did believe that he had such powers it is hard to say. Certainly his poems were much appreciated, for example Lucretius admired his hexametric poetry.

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