41. History Of 2.7 K Temperature Prior To Penzias And Wilson We also discuss finlayfreundlich’s and Max Born’s important research on thistopic. finlay-freundlich, E., 1953, Göttinger Nachrichten, 7, 95-102. http://www.dfi.uem.br/~macedane/history_of_2.7k.html

History of 2.7 K Temperature Prior to Penzias and Wilson Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas-SP, Brasil, e-mail: assis@ifi.unicamp.br ** Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá-PR, Brasil, e-mail: macedane@yahoo.com PACS: 98.70.Vc Background radiations 98.80.-k Cosmology 98.80Bp Origin and formation of the Universe Key Words: Cosmic background radiation, temperature of intergalactic space, blackblody radiation Introduction In 1965 Penzias and Wilson discovered the Cosmic Background Radiation (CBR) utilizing a horn reflector antenna built to study radio astronomy (Penzias and Wilson 1965). They found a temperature of 3.5 1.0 K observing background radiation at 7.3 cm wavelength. This was soon interpreted as a relic of the hot Big Bang with a blackbody spectrum (Dicke et al.

42. Willkommen Bei Www.art-finlay.de Translate this page Er hat ein vorzügliches und sanftes Wesen mit viel “will to please” undist sehr freundlich zu anderen Menschen und Hunden. mehr von Falcon http://www.art-finlay.de/Falcon.html

Gesundheit: HD B1, ED 0/0, RD/PRA/HC 0/0/0 Ausstellung: Int. Schönheitschampion m. Arbeitsprüfung, Dänischer u. Schwedischer Champion, Deutscher Champion (Club und VDH), viele CAC + CACIB mehrere BOB, BOS, BIG, BIS Prüfungen: Brugspröve (Begleithundeprüfung), Markpröve B (Offene Klasse,1. Prämie), Markpröve A (Offene Klasse, 2. Prämie) Kurzbeschreibung: Falcon ist ein mittelgroßer, substanzvoller Rüde mit sehr elegantem Kopf. Er hat ein vorzügliches und sanftes Wesen mit viel “will to please” und ist sehr freundlich zu anderen Menschen und Hunden. mehr von Falcon

43. Holocaust Translate this page Finkelstein, Bedrich, 1890, Finkelstein, Ilse, 1893, finlay-freundlich, Erwin,1885, Dr. finlay-freundlich, Klara, 1888, Finsches, Selma, 1889, Finsches, Walter,1887, http://www.hrad.cz/kpr/holocaust/seznam12.html

Fink - Fleischner Last name First name Birthday Maiden n. Fink Egon Fink Ernst Fink Ernst Fink Franz Isr Fink Franziska Fink Helene Fink Hermann Fink Hermann Fink Ivan Fink Ivan Fink Iwan Fink Julius Fink Julius Fink Julius Fink Karl dr.jur. Fink Karl dr. Fink Karl Fink Karl Dr. Fink Karl Dr. Fink Marie Fink Marie Freundenfeld Fink Marie Fink Marta Klein Fink Olga Fink Olga Fink Olly Olga Heller Fink Rudolf Fink Rudolf Fink Sigmund Fink Sigmund Fink Hermann Finkel Elisabeth Finkel Elisabeth Finkel Elisabeth Finkelgrun Anna Kraft Finkelgrun Martin Finkelgrun Martin Finkelgrun Martin Finkelgrun Martin Finkelstein Bedrich Finkelstein Ilse Finlay-Freundlich Erwin Dr. Finlay-Freundlich Klara Finsches Selma Finsches Walter Firkusny Rudolf Firkusny Rudolf Firkusny Rudolf Fisar Marie Fischel Alice Friedericke Fischel Alice Friedericke Sophie Fischel Anna Fischel Anton Fischel Arnold Fischel Arnold Fischel Berta Fischel Bertha Fischel Birte Fischel Charlotte Fischel Else Fischel Erika Fischel Eva Fischel Friedrich Richard Fischel Friedrich Richard Fischel Fritz Robert Fischel Gerta Fischel Hans Emil Fischel Heinrich Fischel Helene Fischel Ida Johanna Fischel Josef ing.

44. A & A In The Czech Republic Republic mainly to the USA. Erwin finlayfreundlich who continuedto Manchester was one of them. A similar case was Zdenìk Kopal http://www.asu.cas.cz/~ron/wwwNKIAU/aaaincr.html

CZECH NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR ASTRONOMY (ÈNKA) ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC ROOTS OF THE CONTEMPORARY CZECH ASTRONOMY Roots of astronomy in Bohemia reach into the history of Middle Ages. The astronomy and astrology was pursued on the royal courts of Czech Kings - well known examples are the richly illustrated manuscripts of king Wenceslas IV (14th cent.), the Al-Suphi atlas and others. Astronomy flourished at the Prague University (founded by the emperor Charles IV in 1348 as the first one in Central Europe) from the very beginning. It reached remarkable level e.g. in widely spread treatises "On the construction and On the use of astrolabe" by Cristannus de Prachaticz (1407) or in design of Prague Astronomical Clock (1410) by Johannes Schindel. The Prague astronomical school influenced its successors e.g. in Austria (Johannes von Gmunden) and Poland later highlighting the works of Regiomontanus and Copernicus respectively. In the times of Thirty Years War, Ioannes Marcus Marci the physician, physicist, astronomer and mathematician at the Prague University, carried out experiments with the spectral dispersion of solar light passing through the water-filled vessels of different shapes (including prisma), studied colours of rainbow, soap bubbles and oil layers on the water. He found also isochronism of a pendulum, conservation of momentum and a few other things. His books on optics and mechanics appeared in press in Prague during 1648, two decades before Newton published results of similar experiments. Marci was elected to the Royal Society of London, but the messengers arrived late, after his death in 1667.

45. Uni...G Translate this page Stuttgart 1994, S. 201-208. Emin finlay freundlich and testing Einsteins theoryof relativity. Archive for History of exact Science 47,2 (1994) S. 143-201. http://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/technikhist/uni/unig.htm

I.U.H.P.S. Division of the History of Science Deutsches Nationalkomitee Naturwissenschaftsgeschichte und Technikgeschichte in Deutschland 1993-1996. Eine Übersicht über Forschung und Lehre an den Institutionen von Wolfhard Weber Lehrstuhl für Wirtschafts- und Technikgeschichte, Ruhr-Universität Bochum Webmaster: lars.bluma@ruhr-uni-bochum.de Universitäten, Technische Hochschulen, Fachhochschulen Die "Universitäten, Technische Hochschulen, Fachhochschulen" und "Außeruniversitäre Forschungseinrichtungen" wurden nochmals untergliedert. Hauptordnungskriterium ist dabei wie in der Druckfassung der Heimatort der entsprechenden Institution, also nicht ihr Name! A B C D ... F G H I/J K L ... M N O P/Q R S ... T U/V W X/Y/Z Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald: - Institut für Mathematik und Informatik - Institut für Pharmazie, Abteilung Geschichte der Pharmazie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Philosophische Fakultät Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte Fachgebiet: Wissenschaftsgeschichte Anschrift: Humboldtallee 11, D-37073 Göttingen, Tel +49-551-399467, Fax +49-551-399748

46. Full Alphabetical Index Translate this page 1018*) Frege, Gottlob (317*) Freitag, Herta (382*) Frenet, Jean (119) Freniclede Bessy, B (86) Fresnel, Augustin (106*) freundlich, finlay (132*) Friedmann http://www.maththinking.com/boat/mathematicians.html

Full Alphabetical Index Click below to go to one of the separate alphabetical indexes A B C D ... XYZ The number of words in the biography is given in brackets. A * indicates that there is a portrait. A Abbe , Ernst (602*) Abel , Niels Henrik (2899*) Abraham bar Hiyya (641) Abraham, Max Abu Kamil Shuja (1012) Abu Jafar Abu'l-Wafa al-Buzjani (1115) Ackermann , Wilhelm (205) Adams, John Couch Adams, J Frank Adelard of Bath (1008) Adler , August (114) Adrain , Robert (79*) Adrianus , Romanus (419) Aepinus , Franz (124) Agnesi , Maria (2018*) Ahlfors , Lars (725*) Ahmed ibn Yusuf (660) Ahmes Aida Yasuaki (696) Aiken , Howard (665*) Airy , George (313*) Aitken , Alec (825*) Ajima , Naonobu (144) Akhiezer , Naum Il'ich (248*) al-Baghdadi , Abu (947) al-Banna , al-Marrakushi (861) al-Battani , Abu Allah (1333*) al-Biruni , Abu Arrayhan (3002*) al-Farisi , Kamal (1102) al-Haitam , Abu Ali (2490*) al-Hasib Abu Kamil (1012) al-Haytham , Abu Ali (2490*) al-Jawhari , al-Abbas (627) al-Jayyani , Abu (892) al-Karaji , Abu (1789) al-Karkhi al-Kashi , Ghiyath (1725*) al-Khazin , Abu (1148) al-Khalili , Shams (677) al-Khayyami , Omar (2140*) al-Khwarizmi , Abu (2847*) al-Khujandi , Abu (713) al-Kindi , Abu (1151) al-Kuhi , Abu (1146) al-Maghribi , Muhyi (602) al-Mahani , Abu (507) al-Marrakushi , ibn al-Banna (861) al-Nasawi , Abu (681) al-Nayrizi , Abu'l (621) al-Qalasadi , Abu'l (1247) al-Quhi , Abu (1146) al-Samarqandi , Shams (202) al-Samawal , Ibn (1569) al-Sijzi , Abu (708) al-Tusi , Nasir (1912) al-Tusi , Sharaf (1138) al-Umawi , Abu (1014) al-Uqlidisi , Abu'l (1028) Albanese , Giacomo (282) Albategnius (al-Battani) (1333*)

47. Fi - New General Catalog Of Old Books & Authors Warden) finlay {US} (M 1914 Jul 23 1971 Jan 18) William finlay, 2nd Viscount finlayof Nairn (M 1875 - 1945 Jun 30) Prof, Erwin finlay-freundlich (M 1885 http://www.kingkong.demon.co.uk/ngcoba/fi.htm

New General Catalog of Old Books and Authors Author names starting with Fi Follow these links for explanations of the of this catalog, its condition of use , the dates , the general abbreviations , the language abbreviations , the nationality abbreviations electronic library codes used, and for advice on buying or borrowing selling or valuing old books. If you have any corrections, additions or other suggestions, please send them to webmaster@kingkong.demon.co.uk Elfride FIBIGER, nee MA DO R SM ITH) Barron FIELD (M: 1786 - 1846) First Fruits Of Australian Poetry [1941] Z RO LA A ... A nee A A A A ... WE nee MI nee STORY (F: 1856 - 1940) The Child And His Book [1891] Bryda [1889] Master Magnus [1895] Margaret FIELD (F: ? - ?) R Chimes Of Mission Bells [?] Maunsell Bradhurst FIELD (M: 1822 Mar 26 - 1875 Jan 24) Michael FIELD (see: Katharine Harris BR CO DR AGO) Peter FIELD (see: Edward Beverly MA L nee FE Q Journal Of A Voyage To Lisbon [1755] From This World To The Next [?] Works [?] Howard FIELDING (see: Charles Witherle HO OKE) James E FIELDING (M: ? - ?) R WA nee )Adams FIELDS (F: 1834 Jun 6 - 1915 Jan 5) R R A A ... DU nee C g CL APP) John Neville FIGGIS (M: ? - ?)

48. Bilder Translate this page Jane Austen, Thomas Jefferson an Alexander von Humboldt, EmileZola, Albert Einstein an E. finlay-freundlich, Pablo Picasso, http://www.dhm.de/museen/staedel/von_meisterhand/causwahl.htm

49. Historical Manuscripts Commission | National Register Of Archives | List Of Pers Law (2) Freundeck, Richard Francois Philippe Brunck de (17291803) French ClassicalScholar (1) freundlich, Erwin finlay- (1885-1964) Astronomer (2) freundlich http://www.hmc.gov.uk/nra/browser/person/page/personFR.htm

FA FE FF FI ... FY List of Persons with surname beginning FR Fraenkel, Eduard (1888-1970) Classical Scholar Fraenkel, Heinrich (1897-1986) Author Frame, Ronald (b 1953) author and playwright Frampton, Sir George James (1860-1928) Knight Sculptor ... Frampton, Thomas Shipdem (1840-1923) Anglican Clergyman Antiquary France, Anatole (1844-1924) see Thibault Jacques Anatole Francois ( France, Gerald Ashburner (1870-1935) MP France, Pierre Mendes- (1907-1982) Prime Minister of France Francillon, James (1802-1866) Judge and Legal Writer Francillon, John (1744-1816) entomologist ... Fryer, William Victor (c 1765-1844) Principal Chaplain to Portuguese Chapel London Persons listed: back Search the NRA Browse Personal Names A B ... Archives in Focus Design by Reading Room Ltd Technology by Sherwood Government

50. Himmelsmechanik Translate this page 1957, IX, 174 S. x. Hm 39, finlay-freundlich, Erwin, freundlich, Erwin F.-, Celestialmechanics, London ua Pergamon Press 1958, VIII, 150 S. graph. Darst. x. http://www.sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de/~ailib/buch/hm.html

Himmelsmechanik Standort: I/C-4 Hm 1 Oppolzer, Theodor von Bahnbestimmung des Planeten 64 vorgelegt in der Sitzung vom 12. Maerz 1863, Aus: Sitzungsberichte der mathemat.-naturw. Classe der kais. Akademie der Wissenschaften ; Wien Gerold 1863, 15 S. x Hm 2 Gauss, Carl F. Theorie der Bewegung der Himmelskoerper, welche in Kegelschnitten die Sonne umlaufen Theoria motus corporum coelestium in sectionibus conicis solem ambientium , Aus d. Lat. uebers. Hannover Meyer 1865, Getr. Zaehlung : Ill. x Hm 3,1 Oppolzer, Theodor von, Oppolzer, Theodor R. von Lehrbuch zur Bahnbestimmung der Kometen und Planeten Leipzig Engelmann, x Hm 4 Bruennow, M. F. Tradado de astronomia esferica y practica Dresde [u.a.] Teubner 1871, 2. ed. XX, 592 S. x Hm 5 Klinkerfues, Wilhelm Theoretische Astronomie Braunschweig Vieweg 1871, XII, 473 S. x Hm 6 Schultz, Herman Sferiska astronomins grundbegrepp Upsala Berling 1879, V, 180 S. x Hm 7 Bruennow, F. Lehrbuch der sphaerischen Astronomie Berlin Duemmler 1881, XVI, 587 S.

51. Big Bang Cosmology Meets An Astronomical Death Observational values of Adam (1948) and finlayfreundlich (1954). The redshiftis given in wavelength units of 10 -13 meters on the y-axis. http://www.newtonphysics.on.ca/BIGBANG/Bigbang.html

Big Bang Cosmology Meets an Astronomical Death By Paul Marmet New paper related to the same problem Click here Return to: List of Papers on the Web Go to: Frequently Asked Questions Published by: 21 st Century, Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 17285, Washington, D.C. 20041. Vol. 3, No. 2 Spring 1990, P. 52-59. More and more astronomical evidence points to the absurdity of the theory that the universe started with a Big Bang. A Canadian Astrophysicist presents this evidence and explains how the cosmic redshift is caused by gaseous matter in space, not by the Doppler effect. Caption for Crab Nebula. Interstellar matter, seen here in the Crab Nebula in Taurus, has its counterpart on a larger scale in the rarefied intergalactic medium. The intergalactic medium was first shown to exist in the 1970s. It is impossible, the author says, for the light we see from distant galaxies not to interact with this medium as it passes through it. 1 - Introduction. We are all so accustomed to reading that the universe "began" once a time in the Big Bang that most people no longer think it necessary to question or scrutinize it. A detailed analysis of the Big Bang theory, however, leads to consequences and implications that are irrational, or are contradicted by astrophysical observations, including important ones. At the same time, one of the pillars of the model, the all important cosmic redshift- the shifting of spectral lines toward the red end of the spectrum, in proportion to the distance of the source from us- can be explained without invoking the Doppler velocity interpretation

52. Ask Jeeves: Search Results For "Lynn Hirschberg" http//www.empowermentzone.com/compress.txt 8. freundlich Biography of finlay freundlich(18851964) http//www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians http://webster.directhit.com/webster/search.aspx?qry=Lynn Hirschberg

53. Encyclopædia Britannica Erwin finlay freundlich University of St.Andrews, Scotland Biography of thisGerman mathematician known for his work on analytic function theory and http://search.britannica.com/search?query=erwin rommel&fuzzy=N&ct=igv&start=6&sh

54. Freundlich Erwin finlay freundlich. Born 29 May 1885 in Biebrich, Germany Died 24 July1964 in Wiesbaden, Germany. Click the picture above to see a larger version http://www.math.hcmuns.edu.vn/~algebra/history/history/Mathematicians/Freundlich

55. F Index 1018*) Frege, Gottlob (317*) Freitag, Herta (382*) Frenet, Jean (119) Freniclede Bessy, B (86) Fresnel, Augustin (106*), freundlich, finlay (132*) Friedmann http://www.math.hcmuns.edu.vn/~algebra/history/history/Indexes/F.html

56. January In Chemistry Herbert Max finlay freundlich born 1880 colloids (stabilization byelectrolytes) and surfaces (freundlich adsorption isotherm). http://webserver.lemoyne.edu/faculty/giunta/January.html

January in Chemistry Links in these month-by-month files are revised only yearly, when the events are posted on This Week in the History of Chemistry . Click here to view principal sources. January 1 Aluminum Company of America ( ALCOA , originally Pittsburgh Reduction Company ) renamed, 1907 born 1852: discovered europium (Eu, element 63); spectroscopic evidence of the discovery of radium (Ra, 88) founded, 1891. Harold Urey and co-workers announced discovery of deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen (H, element 1), 1932. (Link to a register of Urey's papers (large file).) January 2 Roger Adams born 1889: organic synthesis. An ACS award in organic synthesis is named for Adams. Isaac Asimov born 1920: biochemist; author of hundreds of books in science fiction and many non-fiction subjects. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission took over nuclear oversight from wartime Manhattan Engineer District , 1947. (Visit its successor, the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission Rudolf Clausius born 1822: fundamental contributions to thermodynamics; coined the term entropy Charles Hatchett born 1765: discovered niobium (Nb, element 41), which he called columbium

57. Krown & Spellman Booksellers: Cosmology. By Freundlich, E. Finlay. Series editedby Otto Neurath, et al. International Encyclopedia of Unified Science ....... Author freundlich, E. finlay. Title Cosmology. http://www.krownspellman.com/cgi-bin/spellman/36719.html

Login: Password: Browse by Subject: any Africa Alchemy Americana Ancient Near East Antiques Antiquarian Arabic Archaeology Architecture Art Asia Astrology Astronomy Autographs Bible Bibliography Books-on-Books Business Calligraphy Chemistry Children Classics Coins Costume Curiosa Dance Decorative Arts Dictionaries Diplomacy Druids Eastern Europe Economics Encyclopedia England Egyptology Erotica FarEast Fencing Food France Gems Genealogy Germany Ghosts Government Greece Greek Hebrew Heraldry History Horses Hypnotism Illustrated Illuminated Incunabula India Inquisition Italy Judaica Kabbalah languages Latin Law Linguistics Literature Magic Manuscripts Maps Marriage Masonry Mathematics Medicine Medieval MiddleEast Military Mining Mineralogy Music Natural History North Africa Numistmatics Occult Paleography Papermaking Persia Philosophy Physics Plays Poetry Politics PressBooks Prestidigitation Psychology Religion Rome Science Sex Spain Spiritualism Sport STC Technology Theology Theosophy Theatre Travel Turkey Utopia Voyages Wine Wing Witchcraft Women Quick Search: Home Search About Us Contact Us ... Site Map 3319 Cattaraugus Avenue, P.O. Box 948 Culver City, CA 90232 (by appointment only)

58. ENDLESS., BOUNDLESS,, STABLE finlayfreundlich 10 opts for photon-photon encounters but does not explainhow they work. 10. E. finlay-freundlich, ëRed Shifts in Spectraí, Phil. http://personal.nbnet.nb.ca/galaxy/G_Reber.html

ENDLESS, BOUNDLESS, STABLE UNIVERSE GROTE REBER Honorary Research Follow CSIRO, Hobart UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA OCCASIONAL PAPER 9 Wholly set up and printed by the Printing Section, University of Tasmania December 1977 ISBN 85901 051 1 "Dr Grote Reber" graduated from the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1933 and for the next ten years, while he pioneered the field of radio astronomy, was employed as an engineer by a Chicago radio corporation. He designed and built the world's first radio telescope and during this period was the only active radio astronomer. He arrived in Tasmania in 1954 and has spent much of his time since then making low frequency radio astronomy observations at various sites in the Tasmanian midlands. He has published many scientific papers in radio astronomy and also in other fields. In 1962 he was awarded the " Catherine Wolfe Bruce Gold Medal" by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. Endless, Boundless, Stable Universe is the text of a lecture delivered by Dr Grote Reber in the University of Tasmania on Wednesday, 8 September 1976. Requests for copies of this publication should be addressed to Information Services, University of Tasmania, Box 252C GPO Hobart, Tasmania 7001.

59. SUB Göttingen - Nachlässe (systematische Übersicht) Translate this page ASTRONOMIE. finlay-freundlich, Erwin (1885-1964). Astronom in Berlin, Istanbul,England, Mainz. Nachlass Zwei Kästen Manuskripte, Sonderdrucke, Varia. http://www.sub.uni-goettingen.de/ebene_1/1_nl_a-g.htm

HOME Abteilungen Handschriften und Alte Drucke Anglistik - Geschichte ANGLISTIK Benecke , Georg Friedrich (1762-1844) Nachlass 13 Bände: Kollationen und Abschriften griechischer und altdeutscher Texte, "Adversarien", Autographen und Briefe Marquardt , Hertha (1867-1965) Nachlass Beschreibung: Maschinenschriftliches Verzeichnis , Herbert (1888-1946) Nachlass Beschreibung: Maschinenschriftliches Verzeichnis , Karl (1848-1922) Nachlass Beschreibung: Maschinenschriftliches Verzeichnis ANTHROPOLOGIE Blumenbach , Johann Friedrich (1752-1840) Nachlass ARCHAEOLOGIE Dilthey , Karl (1839-1907) Nachlass 142 Nummern, sieben laufende Meter: Handexemplare, Kolleghefte, Kollationen, Briefe Beschreibung: Handschriftliches Verzeichnis Jacob-Friesen , Karl Hermann (1886-1960) Nachlass Drei Kästen: Materialsammlung (mit wenigen Briefen) und unvollständiges Manuskript für ein geplantes Wörterbuch "Fachausdrücke der Urgeschichtsforschung und ihrer Hilfswissenschaften" Beschreibung: Maschinenschriftliches Verzeichnis Wieseler , Friedrich (1811-1892) Nachlass Beschreibung: Handschriftliches Verzeichnis ARCHITEKTUR Arhardt , Johann Jakob (17. Jh.)

60. A Scientific Description Of The Telescope The scientific layout of the telescope was done by Erwin finlayfreundlich,who also observed with it after its completion. Central http://aipsoe.aip.de/descr/teleskop-e.html

Astrophysical Institute Potsdam Solar Observatory Einsteinturm A Solar Telescope Inside The Einsteinturm is the outer wrap of a telescope to observe the Sun. Originally, the telescope was built to prove one of the predictions of the theory of general relativity, namely that the lines in the spectrum of the Sun should be shifted due to its large gravitation. Einstein supported construction and operation of the telescope although he never worked with it himself. The scientific layout of the telescope was done by Erwin Finlay-Freundlich, who also observed with it after its completion. Central part of the telescope is a lens of 60 cm diameter and a focal length of 14 m. This yields a solar image of about 13 cm diameter. To avoid moving the whole telescope there is a coelostat in the rotatable dome which follows the path of the Sun across the sky. The coelostat consists of two flat mirrors, one of them turns around an axis parallel to the Earth's axis following the Sun and the other reflects the solar light into the telescope. From the telescope the light is guided to a spectrograph. The spectrograph is equipped with a Littrow lens of 12 m focal length. The grating has a size of 42 x 32 cm^2 and 632 grooves per millimeter. At a wavelength of 600 nm, a spectral resolution of 0.56 pm is achieved. Part of the light can be send to a second smaller grating to simultaneously observe in a second spectral line. The spectrograph can also be used to analyse the polarization properties of the solar light which are intimately connected with the properties of the magnetic field on the solar surface. Since the spectrograph reacts rather sensitive on variations of the temperature, it is placed in a thermally isolated room deep inside the building.

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