81. Conferences Syriac, Latin translation activity in Occident and Orient; specific facilitatorsof scientific exchange Constantine Africanus, gerard of cremona, William of http://members.aol.com/mcnelis/Medsci/conference.html

Conferences/Meetings/Announcements Page last modified March 5, 2001. THE CRUSADES: OTHER EXPERIENCES, ALTERNATE PERSPECTIVES BINGHAMTON UNIVERSITY - SUNY Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies Thirty-Second Annual Conference October 15-16, 1999 CFP-Special Panel on: THE CRUSADES AND MEDIEVAL SCIENCE AND MEDICINE Seeking presentations on the scientific impact of the European crusades on East and West; topic also expanded to include Arabic, Greek, Hebrew, Syriac, Latin translation activity in Occident and Orient; specific facilitators of scientific exchange Constantine Africanus, Gerard of Cremona, William of Moerbeke, etc.; effects of Arabic learning on the West; influence of Ibn al-Haytham, Abu Ma'shar, Ali ibn Abbas, Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Albategnius, Ibn Rushd (Averroes), al-Razi, etc. Abstracts were due by January 25, 1999 to A.S. Weber, CEMERS, SUNY Binghamton, NY 13902; aweber@binghamton.edu. Conference coordinator: Emeritus Professor Khalil I. Semaan, Coordinator CEMERS 32nd Annual Medieval Conference Binghamton University PO Box 6000 Binghamton, N.Y. 13902-6000

82. Infobib - Archives Translate this page 1175) a Preliminary Study » 61 Charles Burnett, (( Dialectic and Mathematicsaccording to Ahmad ibn Yusuf a Model for gerard of cremona's Programme of http://htl.linguist.jussieu.fr/infobibarch.htm

UMR 7597/SHESL Info bibliographiques 75251 Parix cedex 05 tel : 01 44 27 78 56 - fax : 01 44 27 79 19 email : elisabeth.lazcano@linguist.jussieu.fr Ies archives n ° 103 – septembre 2002 Paris, Vrin, 1999, coll. Sic et non, 257 p., ISBN 2-7116-1417-4, prix 160 F. Charles Burnett, (( Dialectic and Mathematics according to Ahmad ibn Yusuf : a Model for Gerard of Cremona's Index nominum 235 Index des manuscrits 241 Bibliographie 243 Matthaios, Stephanos Hypomnemata, Unversuchungen zur Antike und zu ihrem Nachleben ; Untersuchungen zur Grammatik Aristarchs : Texte und Interpretation zur Wortartenlehere Vorwort 11 Einleitung 13 1. Gegenstand und Problemstellung der Untersuchung, 13 2. Zum Stand der Forschung, 24 3. Aufgabenstellung der Untersuchung 32 4.1.1 Iliasscholien 38 4.1.2 Odysseescholien 49 4.2 Apollonios Sophistes - Hesych 51 4.3 Hesiodscholien 52 4.4 Pindarscholien 53 4.5 Scholien zu Apollonios Rhodios 54 4.6 Apollonios Dyskolos 55 4.7 Herodian 57 4.8 Priscian - Maximos Planudes 57 4.9 Das Charisius-Donatian-Testimonium 58

83. Avicenna Nurses - About Avicenna quite advanced at this time), but was also studied in European universities for centuries,first in a 12thcentury translation by gerard of cremona (printed 15 http://www.avicennanurses.com/avicenna.html

About Avicenna Ibn Sina (Avicenna) 980-1037 AD

84. UzDessert - Your Guide To Uzbek Culture! The canon remained the world's authority on the subject until the seventeenth century.It was translated into Latin by gerard of cremona in the 12th century. http://www.uzdessert.uz/ver4/history/abualisino.html

Choyhona Chat Discussion Forum Useful Downloads Search Engine ... Museums History: Abu Ali Ibn Sino Abu Ali Ibn Sino, known as Avicenna in the Western World, was born in the village of Afshana near Bukhara, a 2500-year old city in the west of Uzbekistan. He displayed exceptional intellectual prowess as a child (at the age of ten he already knew the Qurani Karim by heart and was proficient in the Arabic classics). His next six years the young man devoted to studying Islam Jurisprudence, Philosophy, Logic and Natural Science and became familiar with Euclid and the Almeagest. Ibn Sino turned his attention to Medicine at the age of 17 years and found it, in his own words, "not difficult". However the scholar was greatly troubled by metaphysical problems and in particular the works of Aristotle. By chance, Ibn Sino obtained a manual on this subject by other celebrated Mavoraunnahr philosopher - al-Forobiy which solved his difficulties. As al-Juzzhoniy states, Ibn Sino completed 21 major and 24 minor works on philosophy, medicine, theology, geometry, astronomy and other related subjects. Another source (Brockellman) attributes 99 books to Ibn Sina comprising 16 on medicine, 68 on theology and metaphysics, 11 on astronomy and four on verse. His most celebrated Arabic poem describes the descent of Soul into the Body from the Higher Sphere. Among his scientific works, the leading two are the Khitob al-Shifo (Book of Healing), a philosophical encyclopedia based on Aristotelian traditions and the al-Qanun al-Tibb (The Canon of Medicine).

85. G general will, X, Gentner, Dedre, X, genus and differentia, X, geometry, nineteenthcentury, X, gerard of cremona, X, German Idealism, X, Gersonides, X, Gettier, Edmund,X, http://www.ditext.com/encyc/g.html

Main Entry I S M B C N E Gadamer, H.-G. X Galileo X X X Gall, Franz Joseph X game theory X Gandhi, Mahatma X Gassendi, Pierre X X Gauss, C. F. X Gay, John X Gemeinschaft/Gesellschaft X gender / sex X general relativity early philosophical interpretations of Main Entry I S M B C N E generality constraint X general will X Gentner, Dedre X genus and differentia X geometry nineteenth century X Gerard of Cremona X German Idealism X Gersonides X Gettier, Edmund X Gettier problem X Geulincx, Arnold X al-Ghazali X Gibson, Eleanor J. X Gibson, James J. X Main Entry I S M B C N E Gilligan, Carol X Gilman, Charlotte Perkins X Glanville, Joseph X X gnwsiV X Gnosticism X X God X existence of X nature and attributes of X relation of the universe to X trinity X Western philosophical concepts of X Main Entry I S M B C N E X contributions to relativity theory Godwin, William X X GOFAI (good old fashioned artificial intelligence) X Goldman, Emma X good X X Main Entry I S M B C N E Goodman, Nelson X Gorgias X grammar Gramsci, Antonio X greatest happiness X Greek Philosophy X Green, T. H. X Grice, Herbert Paul X X Grosseteste, Robert X Grotius, Hugo X grue X Main Entry I S M B C N E

86. Gherard Biography of Gherard (11141187) Gherard of cremona's name is often written as gerard or sometimes Gerhard. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Gherard.html

Gherard of Cremona Born: 1114 in Cremona, Italy Died: 1187 in Toledo, Spain Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Gherard of Cremona 's name is often written as Gerard or sometimes Gerhard. After being educated in Italy, he realised that European education was narrow and that he decided that he would try to make the riches of Arabic science available to European scholars through Latin translations of the major works in Arabic. For this reason Gherard went to Toledo in Spain where his intention was to learn Arabic so he could read Ptolemy 's Almagest since no Latin translations existed at that time. Although we do not have detailed information of the date when Gherard went to Spain, he was certainly there by 1144. He remained there for most of the rest of his life and although he does not appear to have gathered a school around him, he certainly appears to have had quite a lot of assistance. He may have employed helpers who assisted him in the copying and checking of manuscripts and other chores associated with the great translation industry that he started. In all over a period of forty years, Gherard translated around eighty works from Arabic to Latin. The complete list of works which he translated is given in [1]. Some of these translations were of Arabic works while others were of Greek works which had been translated into Arabic. Often however, the works were a mixture in the sense that they were Arabic commentaries on Greek works.

87. Arabische Astronomie Translate this page Zentren der Übersetzungen waren Toledo in Spanien und Sizilien. Ein wichtigerÜbersetzer in Spanien war gerard von cremona (ca. 1150-1190). http://www.gymnasium-zwettl.ac.at/projekte/wissen1200/astronomie/astro06.htm

Arabische Astronomie Toledo in Spanien und Sizilien Gerard von Cremona (ca. 1150-1190). al-Majisti Almagest genannt. Ganz auf das Geozentrische System hin orientiert, fanden sowohl das als auch die Epizykel-Theorie az-Zarquali Alfonsinischen Tafeln Medinat ez-Zahra zum Seitenbeginn Astronomie um 1200 - Hauptseite

88. Isaac Asimov. Minu Poeg On Füüsik. Peafüüsik gerard cremona. Doktor cremona? Voi heida pikali, tomba hinge,kui tahad. -Ära minu pärast nuretse, gerard - ütles mrs cremona. http://www.ms.ut.ee/mart/raamat/poeg.htm

Isaac Asimov. Minu poeg on füüsik. Tema juuksed olid ôrnalt helerohelised - nii tagasihoidlikult, nii vanamoodsalt ! Vôis kohe näha, et juustega käib ta ümber ettevaatlikult: nii värviti kolmkümmend aastat tagasi, kui punktiir polnud veel moodi läinud. Ja kogu selle ammu enam mitte noore naise olemus, tema pehme naeratus, selge pilk - kôik kandis häirimatut rahu. Sellest kôigest tundus riigiasutuses valitsev tohuvabohu järsku metsiku ja kohatuna. Keegi tütarlaps möödus peaaegu joostes, pööras siis ringi ja jäi üllatusega külalist vaatama. -Kuidas te siia sattusite? Küsitu naeratas. -Ma lähen poja juurde, ta on füüsik. -Poja juurde? -Üldiselt on ta sideinsener. Peafüüsik Gerard Cremona. -Doktor Cremona? Kuid ta on praegu... Kas teil luba on? -Palun, siin. Ma olen tema ema. -Ma tôesti ei tea, mrs. Cremona. Mul pole praegu hetkegi aega... Kabinet koridori otsas. Igaüks vôib teile juhatada. Ja ta kiirustas edasi. Mrs. Cremona raputas aeglaselt pead. Paistab, et neil on siin mingid ebameeldivused. Loodame, et Gerardiga pole midagi juhtunud. Kaugelt eemalt kostis hääli, ja ta nägu lôi särama: poja hääl !

89. Isaac Asimov - Minu Poeg On Füüsik Peafüüsik gerard cremona. Doktor cremona? Või heida pikali, tõmba hinge,kui tahad. - Ära minu pärast nuretse, gerard - ütles mrs cremona. http://virgo.kodu.net/scifi/asimov/short/Asimov, Isaac - Minu poeg on fyysik.htm

Minu poeg on füüsik Isaac Asimov Tema juuksed olid õrnalt helerohelised - nii tagasihoidlikult, nii vanamoodsalt! Võis kohe näha, et juustega käib ta ümber ettevaatlikult: nii värviti kolmkümmend aastat tagasi, kui punktiir polnud veel moodi läinud. Ja kogu selle ammu enam mitte noore naise olemus, tema pehme naeratus, selge pilk - kõik kandis häirimatut rahu. Sellest kõigest tundus riigiasutuses valitsev tohuvabohu järsku metsiku ja kohatuna. Keegi tütarlaps möödus peaaegu joostes, pööras siis ringi ja jäi üllatusega külalist vaatama. - Kuidas te siia sattusite? Küsitu naeratas. - Ma lähen poja juurde, ta on füüsik. - Poja juurde? - Üldiselt on ta sideinsener. Peafüüsik Gerard Cremona. - Doktor Cremona? Kuid ta on praegu... Kas teil luba on? - Palun, siin. Ma olen tema ema. - Ma tõesti ei tea, mrs. Cremona. Mul pole praegu hetkegi aega... Kabinet koridori otsas. Igaüks võib teile juhatada. Ja ta kiirustas edasi. Mrs. Cremona raputas aeglaselt pead. Paistab, et neil on siin mingid ebameeldivused. Loodame, et Gerardiga pole midagi juhtunud. Kaugelt eemalt kostis hääli, ja ta nägu lõi särama: poja hääl!

90. DE AARDE De astronomische werken van Aristoteles en Ptolemaeus werden in de twaalfde eeuwdoor gerard van cremona uit het Arabisch in het Latijn vertaald, evenals de http://bc.leidenuniv.nl/goedgezien/achtergronden/Acht2.htm

Goed gezien / achtergronden D. de Vries De aarde die de Historie noemen het oogh der Burgerlijcke wijsheit, en de Aerdrijcks-beschrijving het oogh en licht der Historien. Grooten Atlas van 1664. Hij verwijst naar zegslieden, die hij niet met name noemt, maar hij heeft daarbij zeker het oog gehad op zijn grote voorganger Abraham Ortelius, die in 1570 zijn Theatrum orbis terrarum, en Talrijke passages in de klassieke literatuur wijzen erop, dat kaarten bij de overdracht van ruimtelijke informatie in het dagelijks leven van het oude Griekenland en Rome een rol van betekenis speelden. Het zijn historici en geografen als Herodotus, Strabo en Ptolemaeus die ons in staat stellen ons een beeld te vormen van de uitgangspunten en de ontwikkeling van de klassieke cartografie. De cartografische documenten zelf, in een miniem aantal en dan nog vaak geschonden bewaard, kunnen dat beeld niet verschaffen. ). De klassieke cartografen hebben zich blijvend erdoor laten inspireren, ook Claudius Ptolemaeus, die ongeveer vier eeuwen later in dezelfde culturele metropool Alexandrië leefde. Hij was de auteur van een astronomische studie, de Almagest en van een handboek voor de geografie en het vervaardigen van kaarten, de

91. Die Deutsche Bibliothek / Deutsche Bücherei Leipzig / Deutsches Buch- Und Schri Translate this page II67-1b cremona, Antonius de siehe Strata, Antonius de, de cremona Creussner, Friedrich deII63-2a / II63-2b / II63-2c / II63-2d Leeu, gerard II57-1a http://www.ddb.de/dbsm/inkunabel/dru.htm

Drucker- und Verleger-Register k-m n-r s-u ... v-z Abiegnus, Jacob siehe Thanner, Jacobus Abraham ben Hayyim, de' Tintoro Achates, Leonardus Alakraw, Johann Alexandria, Bartholomaeus de siehe Blavis, Bartholomaeus de Amerbach, Johann Andreas de Asula siehe Torresanus, Andreas, de Asula Antonio di Bartolommeo Miscomini siehe Miscomini, Antonio di Bartolommeo Argenteus, Eucharius siehe Silber, Eucharius Argyrios, Eucharius siehe Silber, Eucharius Arndes, Stephanus siehe Arnoldus de Colonia Arnoldus de Colonia Arrivabenus, Georgius Asula, Andreas de siehe Torresanus, Andreas, de Asula Attendorn, Peter Au Soufflet Vert Azoguidus, Balthasar Bartholomaeus de Unkel Baumgart, Hermann siehe Bumgart, Hermann Bazaleriis, Bazalerius de Bazaleriis, Caligula de Bechtolff von Hanauwe siehe Ruppel, Berthold Beckenhub, Johann Bekenhaub, Johann siehe Beckenhub, Johann Belfortis, Andreas, Gallus Benalius, Bernardinus Benedictis, Franciscus (Plato) de Ben-Hayyim, Abraham siehe Abraham ben Hayyim, de' Tintoro Berger, Peter Bergmann, Johann

92. Texto gerard de cremona no séculoXII. Neste livro Avicena tentou coordenar todas as doutrinas http://al-hawi.medstudents.com.br/segper.htm

Rhazes Haly Abbas Avicena Abu Mansun Muwaffaq ... Jesu Haly e Alhazen Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Zarariya al-Razi (850-923), no Ocidente Rhazes. Estudou exaustivamente o conhecimento clássico, como os textos de Galeno, Hipócrates, Aristóteles, entre outros. Mas se manteve fiel às suas observações, mesmo quando estas diferiam de tudo que já havia sido escrito. Um de seus famosos aforismos é prova disto: "Tudo que está escrito nos textos tem menos valor que a experiência adquirida por um médico criterioso." "al-Hawi", traduzido em 1279 pelo médico judeu Farag Ben Salem de Girgent com o título de "Liber Continens", por ordem do rei Carlos de Anjou, da Sicília. Composto por 24 volumes, contendo todo o conhecimento do mundo islâmico do século X. É onde o nervo laríngeo recorrente e a spina ventosa são descritos pela primeira vez. "Liber Pestilentia" é considerado um dos principais livros da história da medicina. O primeiro estudo exato sobre infectologia, difere a varíola do sarampo e das outras doenças exantemáticas, utilizando os sinais e sintomas para fazer o diagnóstico diferencial. Relata que o aumento da temperatura leva ao aparecimento do exantema, e ensina como proteger o rosto, principalmente os olhos e a boca e como evitar as cicatrizes. Demonstra que o tumor causado pelo verme da Guiné e devido a um parasita.

93. MONETA OF CREMONA Father gerard de Frachet gives a brief, but beautiful, description of Moneta's zealin this regard.(4) He Moneta of cremona, however, did not change his mind. http://www.op.org/domcentral/trad/disciples/17monetacrem.htm

MONETA OF CREMONA Before reading this sketch of Moneta of Cremona, one should look over the first few paragraphs of the sketch of Roland of Cremona, which immediately precedes it. The two men were fellow-students, and perhaps were playmates in the days of their boyhood. Like Roland, Moneta takes the last part of his name from the city in which he was born. The two men were richly endowed with natural gifts, which they thoroughly developed by industry. Like Roland again, Moneta made his studies at the University of Bologna, obtained his degree of doctor, was appointed to a professorial chair, and afterwards became regent. Moneta taught the liberal arts, while Roland's branch was philosophy, to which he perhaps added physics. The similarity between the two professors goes still further. While good men, in the eyes of the world at least, they were exceedingly vain, and much given to frivolous pleasure. However, they were both men of great learning, whose fame was known throughout Italy. Both again, after they left the world and became Friars Preacher, showed extraordinary zeal for their own sanctification, the salvation of the faithful, and the conversion of others, whether sinners or heretics. Their talents, virtue, and apostolic labors for the Church have won for them the same praise from authors, as well as rendered their memories equally worthy of being treasured. The story of Moneta's call to the Order runs thus. When Blessed Reginald of Orleans returned to Bologna from the Holy Land, his preaching produced a veritable sensation in the city. Professor Moneta, because of his worldly spirit, was mortified, not to say disgusted, at seeing so many of his students and some of his colleagues, first, attend the Friar Preacher's sermons, and then embrace the humble life of his Order. He determined that he himself would not be so foolish. Nay, lest Reginald's fervent eloquence might overcome his repugnance, he studiously stayed away from the holy man's sermons even did all he could to induce the students at the university to follow his example.

94. Cremona Web Il Portale Delle Aziende Di Cremona Translate this page Sale di cremona. Asterix e Obelix Missione Cleopatra Genere Azione/Commedia Regia Alain Chabat Cast gerard Depardieu, Monica Bellucci, Christian Clavier http://www2.cremonaweb.it/cinema/wmview.php?ArtID=51

95. Life In Elizabethan England 60: A Classical Education Hispanus) Arithmetic (John of Holywood, John of Pisa) Geometry (Euclid, Boëthius)Music (Boëthius, Jehan de Muris of Paris) Astronomy (gerard de cremona) http://renaissance.dm.net/compendium/60.html

A Classical Education If you have a university education (or know someone who has), you should be at least slightly familiar with the following course of study, which has been in place since medieval times. Courses in beer and mayhem are supplementary. In the Faculty of the Arts Aristotle on...: Logical or Rational Philosophy: Organon, Categories, On Interpretation, Analytics, etc. Moral Philosophy: Ethics, Politics, Rhetoric, Poetics Natural Philosophy, or Natural History: Physical Discourse, On the Heavens, On the Soul, On Parts of Animals, Meteorologics, , etc. The Seven Liberal Arts Grammar (authors: Priscian, Donatus, Villedieu, Cassiodorus, and some pagan and early Christian writers.) Rhetoric (Quintillian, Cicero, Eberhard de Bethune) Logic (Porphyry, Gilbert de la Poré, Hispanus) Arithmetic (John of Holywood, John of Pisa) Geometry (Euclid, Boëthius) Music (Boëthius, Jehan de Muris of Paris) Astronomy (Gerard de Cremona) In the Faculty of Law The principal Latin authorities are: In civil law Corpus Juris Civilis, the Code, the Pandects (a digest), the Institutes, the Novellae

96. GERARD (c. 1040—1120) young plants should be raised from cuttings about March, and grown on during the summer, but should not be allowed to flower http://22.1911encyclopedia.org/G/GE/GERARD_c_1040_1120_.htm

document.write(""); GERARD (c. 1040—1120) young plants should be raised from cuttings about March, and grown on during the summer, but should not be allowed to flower. When blossoms are required, they should be placed close up to the glass in a light house with a temperature of 65°, only just as much water being given as will keep them growing. For bedding purposes the zonal varieties are best struck towards the middle of August in the open air, taken up and potted or planted in boxes as soon as struck, and preserved in frames or in the greenhouse during winter. The fancy varieties root best early in spring from the halfripened shoots; they are slower growers, and rather more delicate in constitution than the zonal varieties, and very impatient of excess of water at the root. GERARD, ARCHBP. OF YORK See the Tractatus Eboracenses edited by H. Bochmer in Libelli de ide Sacerdotii et Imperii, vol. iii. (in the Monumenta hist. Germaniae, quarto series), and the same author’s Kirche und Staat in England und in der Normandie (Leipzig, 1899). (H. W. C. D.) GERARD (c. 1040—1120), variously surnamed TuM, TUNe, TENQUE or THOM, founder of the order of the knights of St John of Jerusalem (q.v.), was born at Amalfi about the year 1040. According to other accounts Martigues in Provence was his birthplace, while one authority even names the Château d’Avesnes in Hainaut. Either as a soldier or a merchant, he found his way to Jerusalem, where a hospice had for some time existed for the convenience of those who wished to visit the holy places. Of this institution Gerard became guardian or provost at a date not later than 1100; and here he organized that religious order of St John which received papal recognition from Paschal 11. in 1113, by a bull which was renewed and confirmed by Calixtus II. shortly before the death of Gerard in 1120.

97. GERARD Geranium is the most widely distributed genus; it has 160 species and is spread over all temperate regions with a few species in the tropics http://20.1911encyclopedia.org/G/GE/GERARD.htm

document.write(""); GERARD Geranium is the most widely distributed genus; it has 160 species and is spread over all temperate regions with a few species in the tropics. Three British species—G. sylvaticum, G. pratense and G. Robertianum (herb-Robert)—reach the arctic zone, while G. patagonicum and G. magellanicum are found in the antarctic. Erodium contains 50 species (three are British), most of which are confined to the Mediterranean region and west Asia, though others occur in America, in South Africa and West Australia. Pelargonium, with 175 species, has its centre in South Africa; the well-known garden and greenhouse “ geraniums “ are species of Pelargonium (see GERANIUM). The species of Ge,anium consist mostly of herbs, of annual or perennial duration, dispersed throughout the temperate regions of the world. They number about 160, and- bear a considerable family resemblancc. The leaves are for the most part palmatelylobed, and the flowers are regular, consisting of five sepals, five imbricating petals, alternating with five glandul’es at their base, ten stamens and a beaked ovary. Eleven species are natives of the British Isles and are popularly known as crane’s-bill. C. Robertianuin is herb-Robert, a common plant in hedgebanks. G. sanguineum, with flowers a deep rose colour, is often grown in borders, as are also the double-flowered varieties of G. pratense. Many others of exotic origin form handsome border plants in our gardens of hardy perennials; amongst these C. armenum, G. Endressi, G. ibericum and its variety platypetalum are conspicuous.

98. GERARD, FRANCOIS, BARON young plants should be raised from cuttings about March, and grown on during the summer, but should not be allowed to flower http://25.1911encyclopedia.org/G/GE/GERARD_FRANCOIS_BARON.htm

document.write(""); GERARD, FRANCOIS, BARON young plants should be raised from cuttings about March, and grown on during the summer, but should not be allowed to flower. When blossoms are required, they should be placed close up to the glass in a light house with a temperature of 65°, only just as much water being given as will keep them growing. For bedding purposes the zonal varieties are best struck towards the middle of August in the open air, taken up and potted or planted in boxes as soon as struck, and preserved in frames or in the greenhouse during winter. The fancy varieties root best early in spring from the halfripened shoots; they are slower growers, and rather more delicate in constitution than the zonal varieties, and very impatient of excess of water at the root. GERARD, ARCHBP. OF YORK See the Tractatus Eboracenses edited by H. Bochmer in Libelli de ide Sacerdotii et Imperii, vol. iii. (in the Monumenta hist. Germaniae, quarto series), and the same author’s Kirche und Staat in England und in der Normandie (Leipzig, 1899). (H. W. C. D.) GERARD (c. 1040—1120), variously surnamed TuM, TUNe, TENQUE or THOM, founder of the order of the knights of St John of Jerusalem (q.v.), was born at Amalfi about the year 1040. According to other accounts Martigues in Provence was his birthplace, while one authority even names the Château d’Avesnes in Hainaut. Either as a soldier or a merchant, he found his way to Jerusalem, where a hospice had for some time existed for the convenience of those who wished to visit the holy places. Of this institution Gerard became guardian or provost at a date not later than 1100; and here he organized that religious order of St John which received papal recognition from Paschal 11. in 1113, by a bull which was renewed and confirmed by Calixtus II. shortly before the death of Gerard in 1120.

99. Mathematics (Rome Reborn: The Vatican Library & Renaissance Culture) Ptolemy, Almagest. Ptolemy, Almagest In Latin Translated by gerard ofCremona Parchment Thirteenth century. The most important medieval http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/vatican/math.html

The Library of Congress Exhibitions HOME Exhibition Sections: Introduction The Vatican Library Archaeology Humanism ... Credits MATHEMATICS Greek Mathematics and its Modern Heirs Ptolemy's Geography Greek Astronomy Greek Mathematics and its Modern Heirs Euclid, Elements In Greek Parchment Ninth century Euclid's Elements, written about 300 B.C., a comprehensive treatise on geometry, proportions, and the theory of numbers, is the most long-lived of all mathematical works. This manuscript preserves an early version of the text. Shown here is Book I Proposition 47, the Pythagorean Theorem: the square on the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the squares on the sides. This is a famous and important theorem that receives many notes in the manuscript. Archimedes, Works In Latin Translated by Jacobus Cremonensis ca. 1458 In the early 1450s, Pope Nicholas V commissioned Jacobus de Sancto Cassiano Cremonensis to make a new translation of Archimedes with the commentaries of Eutocius. This became the standard version and was finally printed in 1544. This early and very elegant manuscript may have been in the possession of Piero della Francesca before coming to the library of the Duke of Urbino. The pages displayed here show the beginning of Archimedes' On Conoids and Spheroids with highly ornate, and rather curious, illumination.

100. Bodleian Library: Western Manuscripts To C.1500: Checklist Of Manuscripts Acquir Shelfmark MS. Radcliffe Trust d. 60. Author Avicenna, in the translation of Gerardof cremona. Title Canon, Bks. 1, 2, 4, 5. Language Latin. Origin Italy. http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/medieval/colleges/chkradcl.htm

Checklist of medieval manuscripts acquired since 1916: MSS. Radcliffe Trust Shelfmark: MS. Radcliffe Trust d. 2 Author: Pompeius Festus Title: De significatione verborum Language: Latin Origin: Italy Date: Mid-15th cent. Provenance: Frederick North, 5th Earl of Guilford; Sir Thomas Phillipps (1792-1872), MS. 8287; E. B. Taylor, keeper of the University Museum; transferred from the Radcliffe Science Library, 1928 Typescript description available?: Yes Select Bibliography: Illuminated Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, Oxford , 2, Oxford, 1970, no. 946 Summary catalogue of post-medieval western manuscripts , no. 51841 Back to Western manuscripts to c page Shelfmark: MS. Radcliffe Trust d. 5 Author: Henricus Amici and Johannes Burgeon Title: Regimen preservativum ab iniqua valitudine gutte Language: Latin Origin: France (?) Date: Mid-15th cent. Provenance: Typescript description available?: No Select Bibliography: Summary catalogue of post-medieval western manuscripts , no. 51842 Back to Western manuscripts to c page Shelfmark: MS. Radcliffe Trust d. 60

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