41. Neue Seite 1 Translate this page ben Gerson, Levi (1288 - 1344). gherard von cremona (1114 - 1187). Ghetaldi,Marino (1566 - 1626). Gibbs, Josiah Willard (11.2.1839 - 28.4.1903). http://www.mathe-ecke.de/mathematiker.htm

Abbe, Ernst (1840 - 1909) Abel, Niels Henrik (5.8.1802 - 6.4.1829) Abraham bar Hiyya (1070 - 1130) Abraham, Max (1875 - 1922) Abu Kamil, Shuja (um 850 - um 930) Abu'l-Wafa al'Buzjani (940 - 998) Ackermann, Wilhelm (1896 - 1962) Adams, John Couch (5.6.1819 - 21.1.1892) Adams, John Frank (5.11.1930 - 7.1.1989) Adelard von Bath (1075 - 1160) Adler, August (1863 - 1923) Adrain, Robert (1775 - 1843) Aepinus, Franz Ulrich Theodosius (13.12.1724 - 10.8.1802) Agnesi, Maria (1718 - 1799) Ahlfors, Lars (1907 - 1996) Ahmed ibn Yusuf (835 - 912) Ahmes (um 1680 - um 1620 v. Chr.) Aida Yasuaki (1747 - 1817) Aiken, Howard Hathaway (1900 - 1973) Airy, George Biddell (27.7.1801 - 2.1.1892) Aithoff, David (1854 - 1934) Aitken, Alexander (1895 - 1967) Ajima, Chokuyen (1732 - 1798) Akhiezer, Naum Il'ich (1901 - 1980) al'Battani, Abu Allah (um 850 - 929) al'Biruni, Abu Arrayhan (973 - 1048) al'Chaijami (? - 1123) al'Haitam, Abu Ali (965 - 1039) al'Kashi, Ghiyath (1390 - 1450) al'Khwarizmi, Abu Abd-Allah ibn Musa (um 790 - um 850) Albanese, Giacomo (1890 - 1948) Albert von Sachsen (1316 - 8.7.1390)

42. Geometry And Discourse straight. It would seem (if gherard of cremona’s translation isright) that the Arabic commentator anNairizi died ca. 922 http://beaugrande.bizland.com/Geometry.htm

Zeitschrift für Phonetik, Sprachwissenschaft und Kommunikationsforschung 6, 1991, 771-827; and Journal of the International Institute for Terminology Research Knowledge and discourse in geometry: Intuition, experience, logic Robert de Beaugrande Mathematics is more an activity than a doctrine. — Luitzen Egbert Brouwer Geometry is at the same time a science and an art, mathematics and philosophy. James Edgar Thompson Mathematics is often a lonely, impersonal experience of manipulating symbols in accordance with rules learned by rote. — Pamela McCorduck 1. The trees and the forest 1.1 The familiar aphorism about the trees obscuring the forest seems nowhere more apt than in the domain of public education. Both theory and practice are intensely preoccupied with the specific content and materials of the respective instructional domains. Educators readily take it for granted that schooling should dwell on the time-honoured offerings, such as native language, foreign language, history, chemistry, biology, algebra, and geometry; the main question is how these ‘subjects’ can be ‘taught’ and ‘learned’ most efficiently, not whether or why. If these subjects are the ‘trees’, then the ‘forest’ is the higher-level cognitive development of the child, the overall complex of processes and consequences of knowledge acquisition during education. 1.2 Fragmentation of perspective also pervades the standard approaches to these individual ‘subjects’. Each one is not only isolated from the rest, but is broken down into incidental ‘lessons’, ‘facts’, and ‘quizzes’. The ensuing mosaic of specific question/answer or problem/solution episodes creates a rather specious format of organisation. A more genuine format would reflect a comprehensive assessment of the contribution of any given episode to the learner’s development. Such an assessment could establish reliable, integrative criteria for designing a curriculum, and for deciding what should be taught in which grade and how.

43. Dientzenhofer Gymnasium Translate this page 1555) Gentzen, Gerhard (1909 - 1945) Gergonne, Joseph Diaz (1771 - 1831) Germain,Sophie (1776 - 1831) gherard von cremona (1114 - 1187) Ghetaldi, Marino (1566 http://www.dg.bnv-bamberg.de/seiten/faecher/mathe/seiten/person/person.htm

Dies ist eine Sammlung, die aus verschiedenen Quellen stammt, u. a. aus Jean Dieudonne, Geschichte der Mathematik, 1700 - 1900, VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1985. Helmut Gericke, Mathematik in Antike und Orient - Mathematik im Abendland, Fourier Verlag, Wiesbaden 1992. Otto Toeplitz, Die Entwicklung der Infinitesimalrechnung, Springer, Berlin 1949. MacTutor History of Mathematics archive A B C ... Z Abbe, Ernst (1840 - 1909) Abel, Niels Henrik (5.8.1802 - 6.4.1829) Abraham bar Hiyya (1070 - 1130) Abraham, Max (1875 - 1922) Abu Kamil, Shuja (um 850 - um 930) Abu'l-Wafa al'Buzjani (940 - 998) Ackermann, Wilhelm (1896 - 1962) Adams, John Couch (5.6.1819 - 21.1.1892) Adams, John Frank (5.11.1930 - 7.1.1989) Adelard von Bath (1075 - 1160) Adler, August (1863 - 1923) Adrain, Robert (1775 - 1843) Aepinus, Franz Ulrich Theodosius (13.12.1724 - 10.8.1802) Agnesi, Maria (1718 - 1799) Ahlfors, Lars (1907 - 1996) Ahmed ibn Yusuf (835 - 912) Ahmes (um 1680 - um 1620 v. Chr.) Aida Yasuaki (1747 - 1817) Aiken, Howard Hathaway (1900 - 1973) Airy, George Biddell (27.7.1801 - 2.1.1892)

44. Translators Of Scientific Knowledge In The Middle Ages different subjects. He was born in 1114 in cremona, Italy. He Andalusia).Gerard's name is sometimes written as gherard. Among his http://cyberistan.org/islamic/Introl3.html

TRANSLATORS OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE IN THE MIDDLE AGES Dr. A. Zahoor Full Article in the E-Book By the tenth century, the intellectual superiority of the Arabs (Muslims) was recognized in Europe. The first Christian to take up the torch of learning was Pope Sylvester II (Gerbert, d. 1003 AD). He introduced the Arab astronomy and mathematics, and Arabic numerals in place of the clumsy Roman ones. He was followed by many, especially Constantinus Africanus in the eleventh century, and Bishop Raymond (Raimundo) in the twelfth century. As early as eleventh century Toledo became a center for the transmission of Arabic (Islamic) culture and science to Europe. A number of translators flourished there. Among the scholars, who flocked to it from all over Europe, were Gerard of Cremona (1117- 1187) and John of Seville. Other famous translators were Adelard of Bath, Robert of Chester, Michael Scot, Stephenson of Saragossa, William of Lunis and Philip of Tripoli. The early translations were primarily into Latin and some into Hebrew. Subsequent translations were done from Latin or Hebrew into vernacular languages of Europe. Many translators at Toledo had neither command over the Arabic language nor sufficient knowledge of the subject matter.

45. Mathematicians Born In Italy Translate this page Cataldi Cavalieri Cesaro Giovanni Ceva Tommaso Ceva Codazzi cremona D'Ovidio FrancescaFrattini Frisi Fubini Galileo Gallarati Genocchi gherard Grandi Guarini http://www.archimedes-lab.org/borninItaly.html

Previous Home Next Mathematicians born in Italy Click on the name below to go to the biography Agnesi Albanese Alberti Angeli ... Zeno of Elea Read here before copying and using any of our images or texts. Thanks Born in Italy top A question, a suggestion? Archimedes' Lab Suggest this page to a friend Enhance your Webpages Share ideas and discoveries with other puzzle fans contact us Concept: Archimedes' Lab e-m@il

46. Lebensdaten Von Mathematikern Translate this page 1945) Gergonne, Joseph Diaz (1771 - 1831) Germain, Sophie (1776 - 1831) ben Gerson,Levi (1288 - 1344) gherard von cremona (1114 - 1187) Ghetaldi, Marino (1566 http://agora.unige.ch/sfib/bl/handr/h07_pythagoras/pytagoras/html/geschichte/leb

Diese Seite ist dem Andenken meines Vaters Otto Hebisch (1917 - 1998) gewidmet. By our fathers and their fathers in some old and distant town from places no one here remembers come the things we've handed down. Marc Cohn Dies ist eine Sammlung, die aus verschiedenen Quellen stammt, u. a. aus Jean Dieudonne, Geschichte der Mathematik, 1700 - 1900, VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1985. Helmut Gericke, Mathematik in Antike und Orient - Mathematik im Abendland, Fourier Verlag, Wiesbaden 1992. Otto Toeplitz, Die Entwicklung der Infinitesimalrechnung, Springer, Berlin 1949. MacTutor History of Mathematics archive A B C ... Z Abbe, Ernst (1840 - 1909) Abel, Niels Henrik (5.8.1802 - 6.4.1829) Abraham bar Hiyya (1070 - 1130) Abraham, Max (1875 - 1922) Abu Kamil, Shuja (um 850 - um 930) Abu'l-Wafa al'Buzjani (940 - 998) Ackermann, Wilhelm (1896 - 1962) Adams, John Couch (5.6.1819 - 21.1.1892) Adams, John Frank (5.11.1930 - 7.1.1989) Adelard von Bath (1075 - 1160) Adler, August (1863 - 1923)

47. Information Und Kommunikation In Geschichte Und Gegenwart Translate this page der Niederlande war Utrecht, wo 1473 Nikolaus Ketelaer und gherard Leempt zu der päpstlichenBibliothek Bartolomeo Sacchi (* Piadena bei cremona 1421, † Rom http://www.ib.hu-berlin.de/~wumsta/infopub/textbook/umfeld/rehm3.html

you are here: home Digital Textbook - Umfeld - Information u. Kommunikation in Geschichte und Gegenwart - 15.Jh. Zur Person von Dr. Margarete Rehm Vorwort Vom Anfang - 1. Jh. n. Chr. ............ 2. Jh. - 14. Jh. ... ............18. Jh. Information und Kommunikation in Geschichte und Gegenwart von Margarete Rehm Das 15. Jh. Handschriftenmanufakturen des 15. Jh. Die erste und einzige namentlich bekannte deutsche Handschriftenkopistin Der erste namentlich bekannte deutsche Kupferstecher Tanzschrift 15. Jh. erhalten. Hier wurde der Ablauf eines Tanzes mit Hilfe von Buchstaben festgehalten. 15. Jh. als ein neues Kommunikationsmittel die sogenannten Bilderbogen Mit der Entwicklung der im 15. Jh. Kutschen Aus dem Jahr ) in Korea wohl um 1403 offiziell eingerichtet. Kriegstechnik Der Holzschnitt Die erste Landkarte /1440 in einen offiziellen Aktenband der Stadt Basel eingetragen, in dem es erhalten blieb. Mnemotechnik xx Das Jahr ist als das fiktive Jahr der Erfindung des Buchdrucks Bibliothek Druck in der Urtype Gutenbergs in Mainz um Der Kupferstich Das erste in Deutschland mit beweglichen Lettern gedruckte Schulbuch , bekannt.)

48. Full Chronological Index 10751160) Adelard (1092-1167) Ezra (1100-1160) Aflah (1114-1185) Bhaskara (1114-1187)gherard (1130-1180) al (1830-1891) Hirst (1830-1903) cremona (1831-1907 http://alas.matf.bg.ac.yu/~mm97106/math/chronlist.htm

Full Chronological Index Ahmes (624 BC - 546 BC) Thales (580 BC - 520 BC) Pythagoras (520 BC - 460 BC) Panini (499 BC - 428 BC) Anaxagoras (490 BC - 430 BC) Zeno of Elea (490 BC - 420 BC) Oenopides (480 BC - 420 BC) Leucippus (480 BC - 411 BC) Antiphon (470 BC - 410 BC) Hippocrates (465 BC - 398 BC) Theodorus (460 BC - 400 BC) Hippias (460 BC - 370 BC) Democritus (450 BC - 390 BC) Bryson (428 BC - 350 BC) Archytas (428 BC - 347 BC) Plato (415 BC - 369 BC) Theaetetus (408 BC - 355 BC) Eudoxus (400 BC - 350 BC) Thymaridas (396 BC - 314 BC) Xenocrates (390 BC - 320 BC) Dinostratus (387 BC - 312 BC) Heraclides (384 BC - 322 BC) Aristotle (380 BC - 320 BC) Menaechmus (370 BC - 310 BC) Callippus (360 BC - 300 BC) Aristaeus (360 BC - 290 BC) Autolycus (350 BC - 290 BC) Eudemus (325 BC - 265 BC) Euclid (310 BC - 230 BC) Aristarchus (287 BC - 212 BC) Archimedes (280 BC - 210 BC) Nicomedes (280 BC - 206 BC) Chrysippus (280 BC - 220 BC) Conon (280 BC - 220 BC) Philon (276 BC - 197 BC) Eratosthenes (262 BC - 190 BC) Apollonius (250 BC - 190 BC) Dionysodorus (240 BC - 180 BC) Diocles (200 BC - 140 BC) Zenodorus (190 BC - 120 BC) Hipparchus (190 BC - 120 BC) Hypsicles (180 BC - 120 BC) Perseus (160 BC - 90 BC) Theodosius (150 BC - 70 BC) Zeno of Sidon (135 BC - 51 BC) Posidonius ( 10 BC - 60 AD) Geminus (10 AD - 75) Heron (10 AD - 70) Cleomedes (60 AD - 120) Nicomachus (70 AD - 135) Theon of Smyrna (70 AD - 130) Menelaus (78 AD - 139) Heng (85 AD - 165) Ptolemy Diophantus Malchus Sporus ... Hermann of R.

49. Index Of /~history/Mathematicians Crank.html 04Feb-2003 1501 6.6K Crelle.html 20-Jan-2003 1752 12K cremona.html20 html 20-Jan-2003 1752 12K Germain.html 20-Jan-2003 1752 14K gherard.html 20 http://www.gap-system.org/~history/Mathematicians/

Index of /~history/Mathematicians Name Last modified Size Description ... Abbe.html 20-Jan-2003 17:51 8.2K Abel.html 12-Mar-2003 09:36 26K Abraham.html 20-Jan-2003 17:51 9.6K Abraham_Max.html 20-Jan-2003 17:51 8.9K Abu'l-Wafa.html 20-Jan-2003 17:51 13K Abu_Kamil.html 20-Jan-2003 17:51 12K Ackermann.html 20-Jan-2003 17:51 5.0K Adams.html 20-Jan-2003 17:51 9.7K Adams_Frank.html 20-Jan-2003 17:51 10K Adelard.html 20-Jan-2003 17:51 12K Adler.html 20-Jan-2003 17:51 4.9K Adrain.html 20-Jan-2003 17:51 13K Aepinus.html 20-Jan-2003 17:51 11K Agnesi.html 20-Jan-2003 17:51 18K Ahlfors.html 20-Jan-2003 17:51 10K Ahmed.html 20-Jan-2003 17:51 8.5K Ahmes.html 20-Jan-2003 17:51 5.9K Aida.html 20-Jan-2003 17:51 9.0K Aiken.html 20-Jan-2003 17:51 9.2K Airy.html 20-Jan-2003 17:51 22K Aitken.html

50. Index Of /~history/Mathematicians html 20Jan-2003 1752 13K Crelle.html 20-Jan-2003 1752 12K cremona.html 20-Jan html20-Jan-2003 1752 12K Germain.html 20-Jan-2003 1752 14K gherard.html 20 http://www.gap-system.org/~history/Mathematicians/?C=M&O=A

51. [SEJ][United Muslims] Muslim Youth Centre By UM And WAMY [RAdio Islam] Alexa McD The books have been written in Arabic but some are in Syriac. In BR the MiddleAges, some of his books were translated into Latin by gherard of BR cremona. http://lists.2garre.com/pipermail/sej1/2002q4/003382.html

[SEJ][United Muslims] Muslim Youth Centre by UM and WAMY [RAdio Islam] Alexa McDonough - Leader of NDP Party, CAIR-CAN Monthly Address United Muslims sej1@lists.2garre.com Sat, 5 Oct 2002 13:04:47 -0500 Previous message: [SEJ]Entry to Islamic Page Next message: [SEJ]Entry to SEJ-Govern. Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] =====================_847487813==_ Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed =====================_847487813==_ Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" <BR> <META content="MSHTML 5.50.4134.600" name=GENERATOR> <STYLE></STYLE> <DIV align=left> </DIV> <div align="center"> <TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=3 width=600 border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD width="100%"> <P align=center><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</P> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD bgColor=#6f6f6f> <P align=center><SMALL><STRONG><SMALL><FONT face=Verdana><A style="COLOR: rgb(227,227,255)" target=_blank href=" http://www.islam.am/"

52. CERCO CERCO PORTAPACCHI NONFANGO PER BORSE RIGIDE PER RC24 Nome Translate this page 15/05/02, NumTel. Oppure E-Mail gherard@infinito.it, VENDO, GIUBBOTTODAINESE MOD. Nome SERGIO Zona o Citta' cremona, 11/05/02, NumTel. http://www.vfritaliaclub.it/VNC/VIC_VENDCOMP.htm

CERCO CERCO PORTAPACCHI NONFANGO PER BORSE RIGIDE PER RC24 Nome : BIBO Zona o Citta' : RIETI NumTel. : 3487495490 Oppure : E-Mail : vueffeerre@iol.it VENDO VENDO VFR 800 COLORE ROSSO DEL 1999 KM.13000.MOTO PERFETTA. Nome : ANTONIO Zona o Citta' : PESARO NumTel. : 3383195230 Oppure : fax.0721909574 E-Mail : doni.sal@libero.it VENDO VENDO VFR 800 COLORE ROSSO DEL 1999 KM.13000.MOTO PERFETTA. Nome : ANTONIO Zona o Citta' : PESARO NumTel. : 3383195230 Oppure : fax.0721909574 E-Mail : doni.sal@libero.it VENDO VENDO MARMITTA IN TITANIO LEOVINCI CON 500KM PER VFRC PERFETTA UNIPRO 165 EURO TRATTABILI GIGI Nome : GIGI YELLOWPOWER Zona o Citta' : ROMA NumTel. : 06-8541723 Oppure : E-Mail : gigimistretta@hotmail.com VENDO VENDO COMPLETO GIVI WINGRACK CON BORSE LATERALI DA 46LT E BAULETTO MAXIA NUOVO Nome : MARCO Zona o Citta' : VERONA NumTel. : 3355752642 Oppure : E-Mail : trial62@yahoo.it CERCO CERCO KIT BORSE RIGIDE NONFANGO PER VFR 86-87 Nome : BIBO Zona o Citta' : RIETI NumTel. : 3487495490 Oppure : E-Mail : vueffeerre@iol.it VENDO MOLLE FORCELLA WP 4 MILA KM. 100 EURO VENDO

53. Untitled Document Curtze has reproduced, in the preface to his edition of the translation by Gherardof cremona of anNairizi's Arabic commentary on Euclid, some interesting http://www.headmap.com/book/euclid/before/princ-trans.htm

[p. 91] CHAPTER VIII. PRINCIPAL TRANSLATIONS AND EDITIONS OF THE ELEMENTS. Cicero is the first Latin author to mention Euclid ; but it is not likely that in Cicero's time Euclid had been translated into Latin or was studied to any considerable extent by the Romans; for, as Cicero says in another place , while geometry was held in high honour among the Greeks, so that nothing was more brilliant than their mathematicians, the Romans limited its scope by having regard only to its utility for measurements and calculations. How very little theoretical geometry satisfied the Roman agrimensores is evidenced by the work of Balbus de mensuris , where some of the definitions of Eucl. Book I. are given. Again, the extracts from the Elements found in the fragment attributed to Censorinus (fl. 238 A.D) are confined to the definitions, postulates, and common notions. But by degrees the Elements passed even among the Romans into the curriculum of a liberal education; for Martianus Capella speaks of the effect of the enunciation of the proposition “how to construct an equilateral triangle on a given straight line” among a company of philosophers, who, recognising the first proposition of the Elements , straightway break out into encomiums on Euclid . But the

54. Untitled Document The Latin translation of this tract from the Arabic was probably made by Gherardof cremona (11141187), among the list of whose numerous translations a http://www.headmap.com/book/euclid/before/o-works.htm

[p. 7] CHAPTER II. EUCLID'S OTHER WORKS. In giving a list of the Euclidean treatises other than the Elements , I shall be brief: for fuller accounts of them, or speculations with regard to them, reference should be made to the standard histories of mathematics I will take first the works which are mentioned by Greek authors. I. The Pseudaria I mention this first because Proclus refers to it in the general remarks in praise of the Elements which he gives immediately after the mention of Euclid in his summary. He says The book is considered to be irreparably lost. We may conclude however from the connexion of it with the Elements and the reference to its usefulness for beginners that it did not go outside the domain of elementary geometry [p. 8] The Data The Data (dedomena) are included by Pappus in the Treasury of Analysis (topos analuomenos), and he describes their contents They are still concerned with elementary geometry, though forming part of the introduction to higher analysis. Their form is that of propositions proving that, if certain things in a figure are given (in magnitude, in species, etc.), something else is given. The subjectmatter is much the same as that of the planimetrical books of the Elements , to which the Data are often supplementary. We shall see this later when we come to compare the propositions in the

55. Zeal.com - United States - New - Library - Sciences - General Explore European math from the 12th to the 14th-century. Meet Gherardof cremona, Adelard of Bath, Fibonacci, Jordanus, and Oresme. http://www.zeal.com/category/preview.jhtml?cid=226440

56. Astronomie Um 1200 Translate this page Astronomie um 1200. In der Astronomie herrschte zu jener Zeit in Mitteleuropawissenschaftlicher Stillstand. Seit Jahrhunderten hatte http://www.gymnasium-zwettl.ac.at/projekte/wissen1200/astronomie/astro.htm

Astronomie um 1200 Autor: Mag. Alfred Hauer Literatur: Sexl-Raab-Streeruwitz: Physik 2, AHS-Oberstufe, Ueberreuter-Schulbuchverlagsgesellschaft, Wien 1990 Weitere Links: Geschichte der Astronomie http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/astoria-d.html http://www.kis.uni-freiburg.de/~ovdluhe/vorlesungen/einfuehrung_pt1.html http://w3.restena.lu/al/pub/indivs/wagnjean/astronomy.htm#medieval http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Gherard.html Gerard von Cremona http://zdfonl3.zdf.de/wissen/terrax/33196/index.html (Babylonische Astronomie) http://www.bios.niu.edu/orion/medieval.html http://www.sentex.net/~tcc/fdome.html http://www.math.bme.hu/mathhist/Mathematicians/Sacrobosco.html (Johannes von Sacrobosco) http://w3.restena.lu/al/pub/indivs/wagnjean/astronomy.htm#medieval Weltbild http://www.bzn.rt.bw.schule.de/astro/weltbilder.htm http://www.educat.hu-berlin.de/schulen/fsag/Lehrprogramm/astro/geozent.htm http://www.tzl.de/HLCJB/weltbild.htm http://www.mordor.ch/varius/am/hist/wissensgebiete.html ... http://www.hs-bremen.de/planetarium/astroinfo/kunstundastro/plkarmik.htm Kalender http://www.kis.uni-freiburg.de/~ovdluhe/Vorlesungen/Einfuehrung_Pt1.html

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