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         Heawood Percy:     more detail
  1. Hochschullehrer (Durham): John Frederick Dewey, David Heywood Anderson, Fritz London, David M. Knight, Percy Heawood, William Young Sellar (German Edition)
  2. Vice-Chancellors and Wardens of Durham University: Kenneth Calman, Derman Christopherson, Percy John Heawood, Chris Higgins

61. Earliest Known Uses Of Some Of The Words Of Mathematics (F)
MapColour Theorem is the title of a paper by percy John heawood (1861-1955) whichappeared in the Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics in 1890.
http://members.aol.com/jeff570/f.html
Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (F)
Last revision: July 23, 2002 F DISTRIBUTION. The F distribution was tabulated - and the letter introduced - by G. W. Snedecor Calculation and Interpretation of Analysis of Variance and Covariance (1934). (David, 1995). The letter was chosen to honor Fisher. The term F distribution is found in Leo A. Aroian, "A study of R. A. Fisher's z distribution and the related F distribution," Ann. Math. Statist. FACTOR (noun). Fibonacci (1202) used factus ex multiplicatione (Smith vol. 2, page 105). Factor appears in English in 1673 in Elements of Algebra by John Kersey: "The Quantities given to be multiplied one by the other are called Factors." FACTOR (verb) appears in English in 1848 in Algebra by J. Ray: "The principal use of factoring, is to shorten the work, and simplify the results of algebraic operations." Factorize (spelled "factorise") is found in 1886 in Algebra by G. Chrystal (OED2). The term FACTOR ANALYSIS was introduced by Louis L. Thurstone (1887-1955) in 1931 in "Multiple Factor Analysis," Psychological Review

62. UK Market Research - British Market Research Association
0151 327 6444 e peter.knowles@heawood.com w http//www.heawood.com Contact NMGFinancial Services Consulting 30 percy Street London W1P 9FF t 020 76910131 f
http://www.bmra.org.uk/members.asp
BMRA Members List 20/20 Research
2-4 Bridge Street
Penistone
Sheffield
t:
f:
e:
info@2020research.co.uk
w: http://www.2020research.co.uk
Contact: Bob Peters - Managing Director ace fieldwork ltd.
Hill House.
Highgate Hill London t: f: e: janet.weitz@fds.co.uk w: http://www.acefieldwork.co.uk/ Contact: Shirley Featherstone - Field Director A.I.M. Market Research Ltd Research House 7 Winmarleigh Street Warrington t: f: e: chris@aim-dmc.co.uk w: http://www.aim-dmc.co.uk/ Contact: Chris Blamires - Managing Director Gable House 14-16 Turnham Green Terrace London t: f: e: rob.sheldon@accent-mr.com w: www.accent-mr.com Contact: Rob Sheldon - Managing Director 52-54 Kennington Oval London t: f: e: info@act2.co.uk w: http://www.act2.co.uk Contact: Sue Linge - Partner Akadine Research Ltd Sunset House 42 High Street Princes Risborough t: f: e: jeannesteward@akadineresearch.co.uk w: http://www.akadineresearch.co.uk Contact: Jeanne Steward - Managing Director Albemarle Marketing Research Ltd 23 Howland Street London t: f: e: richard@a-m-r.co.uk

63. The Workers Page
Clark. percy Horton, Robert Fraser, Dorothy Bennett, Lois Ann Dort, JohnColdrick. Greg Lutick, Gerald Rossong, Earl Luffman, Richard heawood. Warren
http://collections.ic.gc.ca/archaeology/second/archaeology/workers/workers.html
This is not a complete listing. We apologize if we have forgotten anyone. If indeed we have forgotten someone then please contact us below, to update this page. Here is a small video clip (926 Kb) of some of the workers in the 1993-1994 digs. Elizabeth Snow (Supervisor) Rob Ferguson (Supervisor) Rob Ferguson (Supervisor) Rob Ferguson (Supervisor) Rob Ferguson (Supervisor) Rob Ferguson (Supervisor) Harold Roberts Terry Parker Allen Angeconeb David Moore Ginny Boudreau Dorothy Bennett Eric Roberts Gerald Rossong Joan Bond Gerald Rossong Dorothy Bennett Joyce Bouchie Elaine Butler Bill Anderson Adrian Boudreau Fred Rhynold Terry Parker Betty Boudreau Bill Anderson Art Livingston Martin David Allen Angconeb Joyce Bouchie Ginny Boudreau Allen Angeconeb Meta Dobson Jim MacKenzie Chris Lumsden Scott Buchanan John Moir Wayne Duguay Joanne Bieler Scott Buchanan Andre Chiasson Donna Lumsden Scott Finley Doug Ross Andre Chaisson Marlon E. Clark Percy Horton Robert Fraser Dorothy Bennett Lois Ann Dort John Coldrick Fred Rhynold Nancy Greencorn Stan Horton Patricia Doucette Vicki Hunter Suzanne Plousos Amy Haines Keith Roberton Henry Fredericks Lois Ann Dort Stephen Meade Bernie Horne Robert Fraser John Guilfoyle Patricia Doucette Joe Last Eddie Kelley Nancy Greencorn Denise Hansen Henry Fredericks Eddie Kelley Joe Last Stan MacKenzie Noah Haspray John Guilfoyle Sharon MacMillan Jim MacKenzie Scott MacEachern Bernard Horne Denise Hansen David Brennan Stan MacKenzie Cecilia Dollard Craig MacKinnon Noah Haspray

64. Burials 1900
Edwin 67 40 1912 HUSSELBEE Charles Frederick 3w 41 1912 LODGE Francis heawood 5445 Charlotte 62 247 1929 TILL Joan Marion 22 237 1929 TIMMS percy Reginald 19
http://www.berkswich.org.uk/burials1900_53.htm
PARISH OF BERKSWICH
REGISTER OF BURIALS: 1900 - 19...
The following details were taken not from the register of burials but from a book, published anonymously, but believed to have been compiled by Mr Des Sant.
Ages are given, after the name, where known. 3871 1900 BUTTERY William 3 months
3859 1900 EDWARDS Dorothy May 24 days
3872 1900 FRADLEY Albert Victor 3
3863 1900 FREAKLEY Emily Tavenor 31
3855 1900 GREEN John Charles 60
3862 1900 GROUCOTT Jonathan 14
3870 1900 GROUCOTT Stephen 56
3852 1900 HARRIS Jane 73 3869 1900 HEWSON Frances Isabella 87 3853 1900 LAVIES Joseph.W.Y.H 46 3873 1900 MORT Alice 73 3858 1900 SALT George.E.Stevenson 27 3868 1900 SALT Thomas 77 3864 1900 SENIOR James 77 3865 1900 SHAW Frank Napoleon 33 3856 1900 TILSTON Robert 21 days 3866 1900 WARNER Thomas 4 3857 1900 WIFFEN Mary 60 3861 1900 WITHNALL Ann 85 3867 1900 WOODS Albert Victor 3 3860 1900 YATES John 87 3877 1901 ALDERSON Elizabeth 70 3886 1901 BUTTERY John 84 3882 1901 DOUGHTY Thomas 7 3883 1901 HUDSON Mary Ann 55 3880 1901 INGE Thomas Lister 65 3876 1901 JOHNSON Mary Ann 75 3879 1901 LANDON James 73 3878 1901 LAVIES Mary Louisa 34 3874 1901 MARSHALL John 7 3887 1901 PARSONS James 75 3888 1901 PARSONS Margaret 76 3885 1901 PHILLIPS Abraham 57 3875 1901 PIERCE Minnie 2 months 3884 1901 RICHARDS Horace Edwin 2 3881 1901 WYNNE George 3 3892 1902 DEAKIN Catherine 82 3893 1902 DEWSBURY Alfred Henry ~8 months 3890 1902 MEAKIN William Gregory 59 3889 1902 PYE William 73 3891 1902 SUTTON Harriet 57 3897 1903 BAILEY Annie 31 3894 1903 CAUSER John Deakin 8 months

65. Reporter 13/12/00: Congregation Of The Regent House On 9 December 2000
Brouwer, René Roel Dymond, David percy Faulkner, Paul Anthony Fuller, Dorian Gergely JohnHardingham, Neil Robert Harris, Alistair James heawood, Jonathan Paul
http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/reporter/2000-01/weekly/5831/27.html
Previous page Table of Contents Next page
ACTA
Congregation of the Regent House on 9 December 2000
A Congregation of the Regent House was held at 2 p.m. All the Graces that were submitted to the Regent House ( p. 272 ) were approved. Michael Anthony Message, of St Catharine's College, was elected to the office of Deputy Proctor for the remainder of the academical year 2000-01, and made his public declaration in accordance with Statute D, VI, 5. The following degrees were conferred: in person
Doctor of Medicine
DOWNING COLLEGE
Phillips, Mary Louise
Smellie, William James Buchanan
NEWNHAM COLLEGE
Frith, Peggy Alison
in absence
Doctor of Medicine
FITZWILLIAM COLLEGE
Pratt, Guy Edward Dickens in person Doctor of Science DARWIN COLLEGE Clack, Jennifer Alice in absence Doctor of Science GONVILLE AND CAIUS COLLEGE Bowsher, David Richard in person Doctor of Letters CLARE COLLEGE Cressy, David Arthur in absence Master of Arts [Grace 4 of 9 December 2000] Set, Patricia Ai Khoon Associate Lecturer in the Faculty of Clinical Medicine KING'S COLLEGE in person Doctor of Philosophy Bass, Sarah Jane

66. Antique Maps And Prints
horse and goats Country Quarters engraved by T.heawood after a picture Heath etchingSurrey Walton Heath an original etching by percy Robertson (signed
http://www.antiqueprints.com/Prints/!recent_changes.html
[ Homepage ] [Main Catalogue list]
Recent catalogue updates, including new stock For the most recent update see Latest Changes For further information or to place an order see Ordering information.
All prices are in UK pounds. Sizes are width by height in centimetres for the actual image area , not including any titles (1 inch = 2.54 centimetres.)
Please click on thumbnail image for a larger view of the image , note that images shown are for guidance only and usually do not reflect the full quality of the subject (see About the Prints and Maps I sell To convert pounds into other currencies I recommend the Xenon Labs Currency Converter 27th March 2003 New Section fine-art high quality etchings and engravings taken from the original steel and copper plates. The first section is online, featuring a number of large decorative Scottish views. Lebanon " The Tomb of St. George, Bay of Kesrouan " (between Beirut and Tripoli) engraved by M.J.Starling after a picture by W.H.Bartlett, published Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book 1840. Steel engraved print with recent hand colour. Size 19.5 x 12.5 cms. Ref D8797. Price £14

67. History Of Mathematics: Chronology Of Mathematicians
A list of all of the important mathematicians working in a given century.Category Science Math Mathematicians Directories...... 1941) *SB; Kurt Hensel (18611941) *SB *MT; Alfred North Whitehead(1861-1947) *MT; percy John heawood (1861-1955) *MT. Henri Andoyer
http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/chronology.html
Chronological List of Mathematicians
Note: there are also a chronological lists of mathematical works and mathematics for China , and chronological lists of mathematicians for the Arabic sphere Europe Greece India , and Japan
Table of Contents
1700 B.C.E. 100 B.C.E. 1 C.E. To return to this table of contents from below, just click on the years that appear in the headers. Footnotes (*MT, *MT, *RB, *W, *SB) are explained below
List of Mathematicians
    1700 B.C.E.
  • Ahmes (c. 1650 B.C.E.) *MT
    700 B.C.E.
  • Baudhayana (c. 700)
    600 B.C.E.
  • Thales of Miletus (c. 630-c 550) *MT
  • Apastamba (c. 600)
  • Anaximander of Miletus (c. 610-c. 547) *SB
  • Pythagoras of Samos (c. 570-c. 490) *SB *MT
  • Anaximenes of Miletus (fl. 546) *SB
  • Cleostratus of Tenedos (c. 520)
    500 B.C.E.
  • Katyayana (c. 500)
  • Nabu-rimanni (c. 490)
  • Kidinu (c. 480)
  • Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (c. 500-c. 428) *SB *MT
  • Zeno of Elea (c. 490-c. 430) *MT
  • Antiphon of Rhamnos (the Sophist) (c. 480-411) *SB *MT
  • Oenopides of Chios (c. 450?) *SB
  • Leucippus (c. 450) *SB *MT
  • Hippocrates of Chios (fl. c. 440) *SB
  • Meton (c. 430) *SB

68. Joyce Grenfell (1910-1979)
We're delighted To be able to say We're unable to pay Off our debts, We're excitedBecause percy's got mange And we've run up a bill at Stage Hand, John heawood.
http://www.bestweb.net/~foosie/grenfell.htm
JOYCE GRENFELL
Joyce Grenfell was born Joyce Phipps in Montpelier Square, London, on February 10, 1910. Her father was Paul Phipps, an architect and her mother was Nora Langhorne, sister of Nancy Astor, the first woman to sit in the House of Commons. She was educated at the Francis Holland School, London, and the Christian Science School, Clearview, in South Norwood, and then she was "finished off" in Paris where she attended Mlle. Ozanne's finishing school at the age of 17. Click here for a caricature of Joyce she drew herself. From an early age she invented characters and pretended to be other people. Being funny and imaginative came easily to her. She had a London childhood and considered herself a "townie." She left school at 17, the same year she met Reggie Grenfell; they were married two years later, in 1929 at St. Margaret's Westminster; they remained married for 50 years until her death. All throughout her childhood, she sang songs with her American mother, who was self taught on the guitar. In the pre-TV days when people amused themselves, she performed in amateur theatricals in her own home and those of friends. Joyce and her mother used to play at "Ladies" and talk to each other in various voices. She had quite a knack for imitating people. Joyce had weekly elocution lessons with a lady she characterized as deaf, and a cockney with adenoids. As an adolescent, she fancied the glamour of being an actress but she wasn't very keen on acting. Her father insisted she study at RADA which she did for one term in1927 where she found plays too restrictive with no room for spontaneous invention. For RADA she played a shepherdess with a song to sing.

69. Pioneers History
from Victoria with their four sons Edward, Lionel, Eric and heawood in 1915 Theyhad four children percy, Lillian (married Lance Ainsworth), Ernie and Ethel
http://www.corrigin.com/about_the_pioneers.htm
CORRIGIN.COM About The Pioneer's ABE Edward Lionel Came from Victoria with their four sons: Edward, Lionel, Eric and Heawood in 1915 and took up virgin land east of Corrigin, where after years of hard work they built a successful farming operation. A BE Edward Robert (1900 - 1972) ABE, Francis Lionel Came to Corrigin with his parents, Edward Lionel and Caroline Matilda and three brothers in 1915. In 1926 he move to East Bilbarin to clear and develop his farm. He married Elizabeth Dorham in 1943. They had five children David, Fay, Colin, Alan and Kathleen. ABE George Eric Farmed with parents and brothers near Corrigin, never married. Good bush mechanic and inventor. Killed in farm accident in 1952 aged 47. AINSWORTH Herbert A. In 1922 Herbert Annesley Ainsworth, a gold prospector, and his wife Amy Lilias, moved to Corrigin from Kalgoorlie. They raised their family in a house in Goyder Street. Arthur Lionel (8/3/1903 to 12/3/1988) - well known as a rifleman, worked in the Co-op. Lancelot Annesley (8/3/1905 to 21/4/1983), worked for Co-operative Bulk Handling. Ethel Doris (12/11/1906 to 12/4/1961) worked in the Post Office and Alf SpanneyÕs Electrical store, Madge (24/8/1908) worked in various town businesses, Amy Phyllis (4/1/1912) became a school teacher and Lilias May (3/5/1913) trained as a tailoress and worked in the Co-op.

70. December 11
Altorf, sculptor (October 3 Monument), dies at 79 In 1964, percy Kilbride, actor 1995,Arthur Mullard, comedian, dies at 82 In 1995, John heawood, actor singer
http://www.dailyalmanacs.com/almanac2/december/1211.html
On December 11...
345th day of year with 20 days left (Numerology = 5)
Happy Birthday to:
In 1475, Leo X, [Giovanni de' Medici], Italy, Pope (1513-21)
In 1566, Manuel Cardoso, composer
In 1676, Johann Georg Weichenberger, composer
In 1712, Francesco Algarotti, Italian earl/encyclopedic (Viaggio in Russia)
In 1757, Charles Wesley, composer
In 1758, Carl Friedrich Zelter, composer
In 1781, David Brewster, Scotland, physicist/inventor (kaleidoscope)
In 1783, Max von Schenkendorf, German poet
In 1793, Pietro Coppola, composer In 1797, Hiram Paulding, Rear Admiral (Union Navy), died in 1878 In 1801, Grabbe, writer In 1803, Hector Lou Berlioz, C“te-Saint-Andr‚, IsŠre, France, composer (Manqu‚) In 1810, Alfred de Musset, Paris, writer (Un Caprice, Bettine) In 1823, Yury Nikolayevich Golitsin, composer In 1835, Adolf Stoecker, German anti semite/PM In 1836, Jan Boissevain, Dutch politician/ship owner In 1838, Emil Rathenau, German industrialist (AEG) In 1838, Whitney Eugene Thayer, composer In 1840, Kemal Bey, Turkey, poet/author (Fatherland-1872)

71. Deceased Actors (1970 - Present) 'H'
Ray 01/17/99 Heath Jr., John G. 03/30/72 Heatter, Gabriel 12/11/95 heawood, John01 07/19/94 Helpmann, Sheila 10/21/76 Helton, Edna 09/11/71 Helton, percy 12/15
http://www.accessv.com/~sven/deceased/actors_0h.htm

Haack, Morton

Haaf, Wilm ten

Haanstra, Bert

Haapanen, Sasu
...
Hyson, Dorothy

G Before
I Direct links to actors courtesy: Back to menu page.

72. Burials (H) Sheepy Magna
Hall, Elizabeth, Sheepy Magna, LEI, 02 July 1837, 87, Hamblin, percy, Pinwall, LEI,10 November 1959, 68, ? New Churchyard. heawood, Mary, 14 September 1746, Wife Richard .
http://www.mdlp.co.uk/resources/Sheepy/Burials/surname_h__he.htm
Surname Forename Abode Cty Date Age Notes Hall Thomas
13 November 1723
Hall John
10 September 1742
Hall John
01 October 1751
"A Pauper" Hall John Sheepy Magna LEI 19 February 1835
Hall Elizabeth Sheepy Magna LEI 02 July 1837
Hamblin Percy Pinwall LEI 10 November 1959 ? New Churchyard Hamblin Helen Dora Freazley, The Cottage 02 July 1964 ? New Churchyard' "Formerly Pinwall Cottage" Handford Jane
09 March 1784
"Dau George and Elizabeth" Hanford Elizabeth 10 June 1804 Handford George Sheepy Parva LEI 26 May 1817 Handford Ann Sheepy Magna LEI 09 February 1821 11 Months Handford Ellen Sheepy Parva LEI 19 January 1832 Handford Elizabeth Sheepy Parva LEI 02 November 1839 Handford Hannah Sheepy Magna LEI 03 August 1841 Handford Henry Sheepy Magna LEI 26 March 1843 15 Days Handford Robert Sheepy Magna LEI 30 April 1844 Handford Eliza Sheepy Magna LEI 20 March 1850 9 Months Handford Frances Sheepy Magna LEI 11 June 1851 Handford Elizabeth Sheepy Magna LEI 01 May 1853 7 Months Handford Thomas Sheepy Magna LEI 23 December 1856 Handford Mary Sheepy Parva LEI 19 March 1861 Handford

73. Poster Of Heawood
died 48 years ago 24th January 1955 heawood made important contributions to the four colour theorem. Find out more at
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Posters/124.html
Percy Heawood
died 48 years ago
24th January 1955 Heawood made important contributions to the four colour theorem. Find out more at
http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/

74. Mappa.Mundi Magazine - Locus - The Four-Color Map Problem
Augustus De Morgan » Charles Sanders Peirce » Alfred Bray Kempe » PercyJohn heawood » A mathematical physicist's discussion of the 4 color theorem
http://mappa.mundi.net/locus/locus_014/
Stephanie Faul is director of public relations for the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. A long-time writer and editor, she has been a frequent contributor to on-line and old-line media.
Locus is a series about words about places and how language, culture and society have created and used these words down through the ages.
Previous Issues
Links Relating
to this edition
The Four Color Theorem
Augustus De Morgan

Charles Sanders Peirce

Alfred Bray Kempe
...
A mathematical physicist's discussion of the 4 color theorem
, with math examples.
Maps of Many Colors
by Ivars Peterson.
By Stephanie Faul, steph@faul.com Locus Archives The Four-Color Map Problem When I was around a dozen years old I became enamored of the four-color map problem. I'm not sure how I discovered it: I remember a science-fiction story in which the problem was described. As I recall, the story's narrator discovers a solution that he then could no longer remember. E. C. Bridgman's, 1896 Rail Road and Township map of New York illustrates the four color mapping problem - as a practical matter, green, yellow, pink and tan are sufficient to map the townships. Some say the four color theorum was finally proved by Appel and Haken in 1976, but others claim that the question is yet to be resolved satisfactorily. Map from The Library of Congress Geography and Map Division Yet at the time of my childhood the four-color map theorem had never been proved, and in fact could have been disproved by creating a map that required five colors.

75. Kamil4
67Edward heawood, A History of Geographical Discoveries in the Sixteenth and SeePercy G Adams, Travellers and Travel Liars 1600-1800 (Berkeley University
http://members.tripod.com/~warlight/KAMIL_4.html
The Origins of the Travelogue and its Role in Establishing the Twentieth Century Picture of Turkey As far as the representation of Turkey, its people and culture is concerned, another literary genre to be dealt with in this investigation is travel-writing since 'an examination of the varied texts produced by travellers shows how prejudices, stereotypes and negative perceptions of other cultures can be handed down through generations' ( Comparative Literature , 99). In association with the idea of representing one particular culture, travel writing is considered by various scholars such as Sara Mills, Mary Louise Pratt and Susan Bassnett, to be a part of the process of manipulation which affects and conditions people's attitudes to other cultures in which 'travel writers constantly position themselves in relation to their point of origin in a culture and the context they are describing' ( ). Discussing the significance of travel accounts Bernard Lewis has made a similar conclusion in his "Some English Travellers in the East" where he states, despite some exceptions, that 'all travellers' tales have a not unimportant place in history, at least in that part of it which is concerned with the formation and projection of images' ( The literature of travel has evolved through the centuries. Early examples of travel writing usually appeared in the form of guidebooks and itineraries such as that of Pausanias, who travelled the Mediterranean countries as well as the Nile and the Dead Sea, as far back as the second century AD (

76. MMS Online Graph Theory Course Introduction
ten years. However, in 1890, another British mathematician, percy JohnHeawood, found a mistake in Kempe's work. The problem remained
http://www.math.lsa.umich.edu/mmss/courses/graph/
Graph Theory and Enumeration
Course designed by Dale Winter
The goals of this project are, firstly, to acquaint you with some of the ideas and principles involved in the mathematical study of counting and combinatorial graphs, and secondly, to provide a starting point for mathematical explorations of your own.
The theory of graphs started in a paper published in 1736 by the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler. The idea in Euler's paper, which has blossomed into graph theory, grew out of a now popular problem known as the "Seven Bridges of Königsberg." The problem goes something like this:
It was said that people spent their Sundays walking around, trying to find a starting point so that they could walk about the city, cross each bridge exactly once, and then return to their starting point. Can you find a starting point, and a path around the city that allow you to do this?
Another famous problem that we will develop tools to help us with is the "Four Color Problem." This problem can be stated very concisely:
What is the smallest number of colors needed to color any planar map so that any two neighboring regions have different colors?

77. Problema Dels Quatre Colors
La demostració es donà per bona durant 11 anys fins que el 1890, percy John Heawoodféu notar un error en l’argumentació de Kempe i, a més, mostrà que l
http://www.iec.es/institucio/societats/SCMatematiques/AMM/web-posters/pag_4color
Nota sobre el teorema dels quatre colors
Guthriea capensis i Erica Guthriei En les coloracions a què fa referència el problema de Gurthrie, regions no frontereres es poden acolorir amb el mateix color i regions que tenen un únic punt en comú també. Amb aquestes condicions, els mapes de les figures 1(a) i 1(b) es poden acolorir amb només quatre colors, com mostren les figures 1(b) i 2 (b). A més, aquests són exemples de mapes que no es poden acolorir amb menys de quatre colors. El que resulta sorprenent és que, com afirmava Guthrie, per complicat que sigui un mapa es pugui pintar amb només quatre colors. El problema consistia en demostrar que quatre colors són suficients per a qualsevol mapa o bé en trobar-ne un que en requereixi cinc o més. La major part de demostracions errònies es basen en el convenciment que el nombre mínim de colors que cal per pintar un mapa és el màxim nombre de regions dos a dos adjacents. Després es prova que en cap mapa no hi pot haver cinc regions tals que cadascuna sigui adjacent a les altres quatre, un resultat que ja era conegut per De Morgan. La conclusió és immediata: quatre colors són suficients per a qualsevol mapa. Malauradament, la hipòtesi de partida és falsa, com prova el mapa de la figura 3. En aquest mapa el nombre màxim de regions mútuament adjacents és tres, però requereix quatre colors, tres per a les regions de la corona i un altre per a la central.
Bibliografia Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken: La solución del problema del mapa de cuatro colores

78. Untitled Document
Giuseppe Veronese (18541917) *MT; percy Alexander MacMahon (1854-1929)*SB; Marcel Louis Brillouin (1854-1948) *MT 1880. Giovanni
http://faculty.gwhs.org:16080/~arose/history.html

79. Untitled Document
The summary for this Chinese (Traditional) page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set.
http://www.stys.com.tw/techx/text1.php3?idxx=55

80. ¥|¦â©w²z
The summary for this Chinese (Traditional) page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set.
http://www.i-mikekong.net/Maths/Problems/4_colour01.html
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