21. Links Projectivism. pure will (Fries, JF) Fries, Jacob Friedrich. puritanism(heraclides of pontus) heraclides of pontus. recognition Recognition. http://www.rep.routledge.com/philosophy/articles/rel/L/L132/L132.html

Related articles See also Further discussion See also: Callicles Cheng Confucian philosophy, Chinese Daoist philosophy ... Zhu Xi Further discussion ethics Abelard, P. Abelard, Peter action Morality and ethics aesthetics relationship Aesthetics and ethics Kierkegaard, S. African Ethical systems, African contemporary trends Ethical systems, African modern society comparison Ethical systems, African traditional cultures Ethical systems, African agricultural Agricultural ethics Albert the Great Albert the Great Alexander of Hales Alexander of Hales anger (Philodemus) Philodemus animals Animals and ethics applied Applied ethics Aquinas, T. Aquinas, Thomas Arete Ariston of Chios Ariston of Chios Aristotle flourishing Ritual human good Aristotle asceticism Jainism Jaina philosophy Augustine Augustine bioethics Bioethics Boethius of Dacia Boethius of Dacia Buddhism Confucianism similarity Kihwa Buddhist philosophy, Korean Indian rebirth Buddhist philosophy, Indian Japanese Buddhist philosophy, Japanese business Business ethics caste system (Radhakrishnan, S.) Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli casuistical (Tolstoi, L.N.) Tolstoi, Count Lev Nikolaevich

22. The Lost Knowledge Of The Greeks Around 350 BC, a latterday Pythagorean, heraclides of pontus (c. 373 BC), conceivedof the Earth sphere as spinning west to east, adopting the earlier view of http://www.neo-tech.com/zero/part2.html

NT Home Page Neo-Tech Related Items Neo-Tech: The Philosophical Zero Search WWW Search neo-tech.com Neo-Tech Home Page The Ultimate Leverage for Riches Next Page Contents ... Previous Page 2. THE LOST KNOWLEDGE OF THE GREEKS During the first decade of the 16th century when Copernicus was still forming his astronomical hypotheses, he read the works of many Greek authors and found that heliocentric ideas had already been propounded. He mentions in his work some of those Greek mathematician-astronomers who held distinctly different views of the celestial system from that of Aristotle and Ptolemy, although not necessarily heliocentric, such as Philolaus, Hicetus, Ecphantus, and Heraclides ("On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres", Book One). Indeed, the geocentric theories were not the only systems known to the Greeks, nor even at times the most accepted. Between the sixth and fourth century B.C., there was a philosophical society known as the Pythagorean society in Greece. Pythagoras of Samos (c. 582-500 B.C.), founder of the society, traveled extensively in his youth by way of the sea to the East as well as to Egypt, and not only accumulated a wealth of knowledge from different corners of the Earth but also obtained a unique perspective that was possible only for the celestial navigator-businessmen of the time, i.e., the sphericity of the Earth. Astronomy and mathematics, particularly trigonometry, originated to a great measure among those celestial navigator-businessmen of antiquity whose survival almost entirely depended upon knowing the relative positions and movements of the celestial bodies. Furthermore, while traveling across the sea by observing the movements of the celestial spheres, it became revealingly clear to them that the Earth was a spherical entity. (Around 200 B.C., three hundred years after Pythagoras, Phoenician navigator-businessmen circumnavigated the Earth for the first time in recorded history and proved that the Earth was indeed spherical, preceding Magellan by more than 1700 years.)

23. EpistemeLinks.com: Philosophy Events Search Results Theophrastus Project Conference on heraclides of pontus http//www.ucl.ac.uk/GrandLat/people/sharples/conf2003.htmCountry Great Britain Start Date 6/25 http://www.epistemelinks.com/Main/Events.aspx?TopiCode=Anci

24. Herakleides Context. Works References GJ Toomer DSB 15 Supp.1.2025. HB Gottschalkheraclides of pontus OUP1980. T E Rihll. Last modified 11 March 2003. http://www.swan.ac.uk/classics/staff/ter/grst/People/Herakleides.htm

Name Herakleides Occupation: From Herakleia on the Pontus (now Eregli, Turkey) Son of: Euthyphron Occupation: Dates c. 390-310 BC Brief biography Father Euthyphron was descended form Damis, one of the original settlers from Boiotia. Joined Akademy in the 360s, and ran it while Plato was in Sicily. Sent by Plato to Kolophon to get copy of poems of Antimakhos. Also attended Aristotle’s lectures. His obesity and mannerisms earned him the nickname in Athens of ‘ho Pompikos’. Herakleides left the Academy when Xenokrates was elected scholarch following Speusippos’ death Herakleides then returned to Herakleia and took pupils but no evidence he founded a school. Died sometime later. Frags only survive. Proposed axial rotation of earth. Context Works References G J Toomer DSB 15 Supp.1.202-5. H B Gottschalk Heraclides of Pontus T E Rihll Last modified: 11 March 2003

25. Greek History - Greek Science And Its Influence On Western Civilization century AD heraclides of pontus proposed that the seeming westward movement of theheavenly bodies is due to the eastward rotation of the earth on its axis. http://www.hellenism.net/eng/history-astro.htm

Ancient Greek Astronomy by Tanner Brunsdale Astronomy is the study of the stars, planets, and other objects that make up the universe. Astronomers observe the locations and motions of heavenly bodies. Beginning around 600 BC, Greek philosophers and scientists developed a number of important astronomical ideas.The early Greek astronomers knew many of the geometrical relationships of the heavenly bodies. Pythagoras, who lived during the 500s BC , argued that the earth was round. He also tried to explain the nature and structure for the universe as a whole. He developed an early system of cosmology. In about 370 BC, Euxodus of Cnidus had developed a mechanical system to explain the motion s of the planets. Euduxos taught that the planets, sun, the moon, and the stars revolved around the earth. In 300s BC, Aristotle incorporated this earth centered, or geocentric, theory into his philosophic system. Greek Influence - Main Page Ancient Greek Agriculure Ancient Greek Astronomy Ancient Greek Earth Science ... Ancient Greek Medicine One of the most powerful creations of Greek science was the mathematical astronomy created by Hipparchus in the second century B.C. and given final form by Ptolemy in the second century A.D. Heraclides of Pontus proposed that the seeming westward movement of the heavenly bodies is due to the eastward rotation of the earth on its axis. He also taught that Venus and Mercury revolved around the sun, not the earth. In about the 200s BC, a man named Aristarchus of Samos suggested that all the planets, even the earth, revolve around the sun. It is said that Heraclides and Aristarchus were way ahead of their time, and their theories were not really accepted. Eratosthenes who was born in 276 BC, demonstrated the Earths circumference. Hipparchus, who lived around 140 BC, was a creative and talented astronomer. He divided the stars that he could see into classes of apparent brightness.He estimated the size and distance of the moon, found a way to predict eclipses, as well as calculating the length of the year to within 6 and a 1/2 minutes!

26. Oxbow Books/David Brown Book Company heraclides of pontus Gottschalk, HB An outline of the life of Heraclides andhis fragmentary writings (on the theory of matter, astronomy, ethical and http://www.oxbowbooks.com/browse.cfm?&CatID=529

27. History Of Mathematics: Chronology Of Mathematicians A list of all of the important mathematicians working in a given century.Category Science Math Mathematicians Directories...... Callipus of Cyzicus (fl. c. 370) *SB; Xenocrates of Chalcedon (c. 396314);heraclides of pontus (c. 390-c. 322); Bryson of Heraclea (c http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/chronology.html

Chronological List of Mathematicians Note: there are also a chronological lists of mathematical works and mathematics for China , and chronological lists of mathematicians for the Arabic sphere Europe Greece India , and Japan Table of Contents 1700 B.C.E. 100 B.C.E. 1 C.E. To return to this table of contents from below, just click on the years that appear in the headers. Footnotes (*MT, *MT, *RB, *W, *SB) are explained below List of Mathematicians 1700 B.C.E. Ahmes (c. 1650 B.C.E.) *MT 700 B.C.E. Baudhayana (c. 700) 600 B.C.E. Thales of Miletus (c. 630-c 550) *MT Apastamba (c. 600) Anaximander of Miletus (c. 610-c. 547) *SB Pythagoras of Samos (c. 570-c. 490) *SB *MT Anaximenes of Miletus (fl. 546) *SB Cleostratus of Tenedos (c. 520) 500 B.C.E. Katyayana (c. 500) Nabu-rimanni (c. 490) Kidinu (c. 480) Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (c. 500-c. 428) *SB *MT Zeno of Elea (c. 490-c. 430) *MT Antiphon of Rhamnos (the Sophist) (c. 480-411) *SB *MT Oenopides of Chios (c. 450?) *SB Leucippus (c. 450) *SB *MT Hippocrates of Chios (fl. c. 440) *SB Meton (c. 430) *SB

28. History Of Mathematics: Greece Leon (fl. c. 375); Eudoxus of Cnidos (c. 400c. 347); Callipus of Cyzicus (fl. c.370); Xenocrates of Chalcedon (c. 396-314); heraclides of pontus (c. 390-c. 322); http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/greece.html

Greece Cities Abdera: Democritus Alexandria : Apollonius, Aristarchus, Diophantus, Eratosthenes, Euclid , Hypatia, Hypsicles, Heron, Menelaus, Pappus, Ptolemy, Theon Amisus: Dionysodorus Antinopolis: Serenus Apameia: Posidonius Athens: Aristotle, Plato, Ptolemy, Socrates, Theaetetus Byzantium (Constantinople): Philon, Proclus Chalcedon: Proclus, Xenocrates Chalcis: Iamblichus Chios: Hippocrates, Oenopides Clazomenae: Anaxagoras Cnidus: Eudoxus Croton: Philolaus, Pythagoras Cyrene: Eratosthenes, Nicoteles, Synesius, Theodorus Cyzicus: Callippus Elea: Parmenides, Zeno Elis: Hippias Gerasa: Nichmachus Larissa: Dominus Miletus: Anaximander, Anaximenes, Isidorus, Thales Nicaea: Hipparchus, Sporus, Theodosius Paros: Thymaridas Perga: Apollonius Pergamum: Apollonius Rhodes: Eudemus, Geminus, Posidonius Rome: Boethius Samos: Aristarchus, Conon, Pythagoras Smyrna: Theon Stagira: Aristotle Syene: Eratosthenes Syracuse: Archimedes Tarentum: Archytas, Pythagoras Thasos: Leodamas Tyre: Marinus, Porphyrius Mathematicians Thales of Miletus (c. 630-c 550)

29. Timeline: 3,000 BCE - 1850 AD negotiating for peace with the Greeks 388315 BC - heraclides of pontus explainsthe daily rotation of the stars by assuming that the Earth spins on its axis. http://adc.gsfc.nasa.gov/adc/education/space_ex/tline1.html

3,000 BCE - 1850 AD 3000 BCE - Babylonian astrologer-astronomers begin making methodical observations of the skies 2000 BCE - Babylonians develop a zodiac 1300 BCE - Chinese use of firework-rockets becomes widespread 1000 BCE - Babylonians record sun/moon/planetary movements Egyptians use sun-clock 600-400 BCE - Pythagoras of Samos sets up a school which rivals the Ionians. Parmenides of Elea, a student, proposes a spherical Earth made from condensed air and divided into five zones. He also sets forth ideas for stars being made of compressed fire and a finite, motionless, and spherical universe with illusory motion 585 BC - Thales of Miletus, a Greek astronomer of the Ionian school, predicts the angular diameter of the sun. He also effectively predicts a solar eclipse, frightening Media and Lydia into negotiating for peace with the Greeks 388-315 BC - Heraclides of Pontus explains the daily rotation of the stars by assuming that the Earth spins on its axis. He also discovers that Mercury and Venus revolve around the Sun instead of the Earth 360 BC - Flying Pigeon of Archytas made 310-230 BC - Aristarchus of Samos proposes that the Earth revolves around the Sun 276-196 BC - Eratosthenes, a Greek astronomer, measures the circumference of the Earth. He also finds the differences between planets and

30. Sample Chapter For Dolling, L.M., Statile, G.N., Gianelli, A.F.,: The Tests Of T heraclides of pontus (388 BC315 BC) suggested that the daily motion of the starscould be accounted for equally well by the rotation of the earth on an axis. http://pup.princeton.edu/chapters/i7432.html

PRINCETON University Press SEARCH: Keywords Author Title More Options Power Search Search Hints E-MAIL NOTICES NEW IN PRINT E-BOOKS ... HOME PAGE The Tests of Time: Readings in the Development of Physical Theory Edited by Lisa M. Dolling, Arthur F. Gianelli, and Glenn N. Statile Book Description Endorsements Class Use and other Permissions . For more information, send e-mail to permissions@pupress.princeton.edu This file is also available in Adobe Acrobat PDF format INTRODUCTION Although Heliocentric Theory is well known, describing it without the use of unwarranted or unjustified assumptions is not easy. Simply put, the theory suggests that the earth has two motions, a rotation on an axis and an orbital motion about the sun. Further, it maintains that the sun is central to, although not exactly in the center of, the orbits of all those heavenly bodies known as the planets, of which the earth is one. The physical reference frame used to determine the motions of this "solar" system is the frame of the fixed stars, bodies that do not appear to change their positions relative to one another. In this theory the dual motions attributed to the earth are considered to be in some sense real. The Geocentric View of Eudoxus Although not really interested in astronomy, the philosopher Plato had a great influence on the course of its early history. Because he perceived the heavens to be more perfect than the earth, Plato urged astronomers to describe celestial motions in terms of the most perfect of geometrical shapes, the circle. In fact, for Plato, the most perfect motion would be uniform circular motion, motion in a circle at a constant rate of speed.

31. Science Timeline Henry, William, 1801. Henseleit, Kurt 1932. heraclides of pontus, 330 bce.Heraclitus of Ephesus, 500 bce. Herapath, 1821. Herbig, George H., 1951, 1975. http://www.sciencetimeline.net/siteindex_h.htm

use checkboxes to select items you wish to download Select Index Letter: a b c d ... w-x-y-z Haber, Edgar, 1962 Haber, Fritz,1909, 1915 Habermas, Jurgen, 1968 hackers, 1959 Haeckel, Ernst Heinrich, 1859, 1866, 1940 Hahn, Otto, 1938 Haken, Wolfgang, 1976 Haldane, John Burdon Sanderson, 1924, 1926, 1929, 1932, 1937, 1941 Hale, George Ellery, 1908, 1949 Hales, Stephen, 1727, 1733 Haley, Jay, 1952 Hall, Benjamin D., 1961 Hall, Chester More, 1733 Hall, Edwin Herbert, 1879, 1980 Hall, Howard, 1999 Hall, James, 1795 Hall, Jeffrey C., 1984, 1986, 1991 Hall, John L., 1989 Hall, Marshall, 1833 Halley, Edmund, 1678, 1693, 1705, 1718, 1758, 1759, 1835 hallucinagenic mushroom, 7000 bce Halm, Jacob, 1911 Hamburger, Viktor, 1975 Hamer, Dean H., 1993

32. Ancient Greek Astronomy heraclides of pontus proposed that the seeming westward movement of the heavenlybodies is due to the eastward rotation of the earth on its axis. http://members.tripod.com/~JFrazz9/astr.html

Get Five DVDs for $.49 each. Join now. Tell me when this page is updated Ancient Greek Astronomy Astronomy is the study of the stars, planets, and other objects that make up the universe. Astronomers observe the locations and motions of heavenly bodies. Beginning around 600 BC, Greek philosophers and scientists developed a number of important astronomical ideas.The early Greek astronomers knew many of the geometrical relationships of the heavenly bodies. Pythagoras, who lived during the 500s BC , argued that the earth was round. He also tried to explain the nature and structure for the universe as a whole. He developed an early system of cosmology. In about 370 BC, Euxodus of Cnidus had developed a mechanical system to explain the motion s of the planets. Euduxos taught that the planets, sun, the moon, and the stars revolved around the earth. In 300s BC, Aristotle incorporated this earth centered, or geocentric, theory into his philosophic system. Heraclides of Pontus proposed that the seeming westward movement of the heavenly bodies is due to the eastward rotation of the earth on its axis. He also taught that Venus and Mercury revolved around the sun, not the earth. In about the 200s BC, a man named Aristarchus of Samos suggested that all the planets, even the earth, revolve around the sun. It is said that Heraclides and Aristarchus were way ahead of their time, and their theories were not really accepted. Eratosthenes who was born in 276 BC, demonstrated the Earths circumference. Hipparchus, who lived around 140 BC, was a creative and talented astronomer. He divided the stars that he could see into classes of apparent brightness.He estimated the size and distance of the moon, found a way to predict eclipses, as well as calculating the length of the year to within 6 and a 1/2 minutes!

33. Galileo's Considerations On The Copernican Opinion (1615) all his school, Philolaus (teacher of Plato), Plato himself (as Aristotle testifiesin his book On the Heavens), heraclides of pontus, Ecphantus, Aristarchus http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/it/galileo.htm

34. Hoaxes Sophocles. He showed it to his rival, the more widely read and morepompous heraclides of pontus, who declared it to be genuine. Later http://www.warwick.ac.uk/staff/S.Reimers/hoaxes.html

GOTCHA! Science, scientists and the art of the perfect hoax Stian Reimers 20 September, 2002 Now that's scientific fact. There is no real evidence for it but it's scientific fact. Abstract Introduction Hoaxes are mischievous acts designed to poke fun at a person or group, to satirise an aspect of society, or to critique the values that let people believe them. The vast majority are playful fun, a diversion from everyday concerns, causing little more trouble than a small amount of wasted time and a slightly bruised ego. However, some are able to bring about upheaval and political change, be it rightly or wrongly. People have been playing hoaxes for millennia. Schnabel (1994) cites an example from around 350BC. A Greek philosopher called Dionysus wrote the Parthenopaeus, which he claimed was a lost work of Sophocles. He showed it to his rival, the more widely read and more pompous Heraclides of Pontus, who declared it to be genuine. Later, when Dionysus revealed it to be a work of his own, which he had written specifically to mock his enemy, Heraclides refused to believe it. He changed his mind fairly rapidly, though, when Dionysus showed that the initial letters of each line spelled ‘Heraclides is ignorant of letters’. Unfortunately, the response of the first recorded hoax victim is not recorded. Hoaxes occur in all areas of life and work. There are famous literary frauds, like the Howard Hughes autobiography or the Hitler diaries. There are fake Vermeers in the art world, mock-documentaries on television, false stories about historical events, and a lot of entirely fictitious articles in the mass media. But in this dissertation I will concentrate on science. Science has all the right components for a good hoax – credulous people with fairly rigid thought processes, creative mischief-makers, confusing terminology, and a sense of authority that makes an pronouncement using its name almost automatically unchallengable, certainly to much of the population.

35. Those Hairy Stars upper heavens. One of Aristotle's students, one heraclides of pontus,taught that comets were inflamed clouds, high above the Earth. http://www.sipe.com/halebopp/whatare5.htm

"Those Hairy Stars a look at comets through history" by Carolyn Collins Petersen Comets Those Hairy Stars by Carolyn Collins Petersen It had been a long, dry summer in the high desert. The shaman had called for rain many times, to no avail. He had looked to the stars each night for some clue about when the crop-killing drought was over, but they looked the same as they always had distant, twinkling, inscrutable. The shaman's assistant, flush with the enthusiasm of youth, decided one night to look at the stars without his mentor's guidance. He crept away from the village, and climbed atop the highest mesa. From there, he had an almost panoramic view of the sky. All night he waited... growing sleepy, but never quite dropping off into slumber. Just before dawn, he stretched and shook himself... a night's sleep wasted for nothing! He glanced to the east... and saw it... a faint smudge near a bright star. What could it possibly be? Perhaps this was the omen his master wanted! He paused long enough to scratch a map of the sky on the sandstone wall of the mesa, and then ran down the trail to the village, his excited shouts waking the entire village... On another continent, a woman sat quietly in a grove of trees on the edge of a large flat plain. She was deep in meditation about what the sky had presented to her just before sunrise a strange-looking star that appeared to have the beard of an elder man. Nothing in her learning had prepared her for this sight and she searched her memories for anything that would help her understand this latest manifestation from the Mother of All. Not far away, her clan waited for an explanation of the mysterious apparition that seemed to dance in the early morning twilight.

36. * Indicates A New Or Revised Calendar Entry Project Theophrastus Conference. University of Leeds. Theme heraclides of pontus.Contact EE Pender, School of Classics, Univ. of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England. http://www.crvp.org/Philosophical_Calendar/June2003.htm

The Philosophical Calendar June 2003 Return to Calendar home page Indicates a new or revised calendar entry Association for Symbolic Logic Annual Meeting University of Illinois at Chicago Abstract deadline: February 17, 2003 Send to: ASL Business Office, ASL, Box 742, Vassar College, 124 Raymond Ave., Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 asl@vassar.edu www.aslonline.org For further info, visit http://www.math.uic.edu/~marker/asl-03 th Siena College Multi-Disciplinary Symposium on World War II—a 60 Year Perspective Siena College Contact: Karl Barbir, History, Siena College, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY 12211-1462 barbir@siena.edu The ISNS Conference International Society of Neoplatonic Studies Contact: John Finamore, Classics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 john-finamore@uiowa.edu ISNS Webpage: www.uiowa.edu/~classics/finamore 2003 Federated Computing Research Conference (FCRC 2003) San Diego, California Info: http://www.acm.org/sigs/conferences/fcrc/ Logica 2003 Zahradky Castle, Northern Bohemia Organized by the Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Call for Papers: Deadline February 28, 2003

37. GreeceQuest: Nature Notes for example, managed to measure the circumference of the earth with impressive accuracyin the third century BC heraclides of pontus proposed that the Earth http://www.startribune.com/stories/1501/2111315.html

news freetime travel homezone ... talk index meet the team quest calendar team update classroom.com special projects voices for the land the state we're in the minnesota river journey across antarctica ... recreation GreeceQuest: Nature notes Published March 19, 2002 ATHENS, Greece We planned breakfast this morning for 8:30, so I requested a wake-up call for 8:00 and set my own alarm for 8:10. After breakfast, Nick, Tom, Nate and I charged into the streets of Athens. It took about 33 minutes to climb the steep hill to the Acropolis, where we spent a chilly hour and 11 minutes admiring the architectural glory of the Parthenon and taking in views of the city. At 11:13 a.m., we drank cappuccinos. Then, we went our separate ways. At 12:25, I bumped into Nate at a postcard kiosk near our hotel. We got lost on our way to lunch and didn’t finish eating until 2:08 p.m. The museum I wanted to go to closed at 3. That wouldn’t be nearly enough time. Instead, I came back to the hotel to write, hoping to finish my report long before our 11 p.m. deadline. Of course, I say that every day. For me, this is just another day on the quest. The clock probably determines your routines, too. There is a time for school, a time for sports practice, a time when your favorite TV shows come on. But it wasn’t the need to publish a TV Guide that first motivated people to design calendars. Instead, people in ancient times needed to know when to plant and harvest crops and when to schedule religious feasts and tax-collecting days, among other factors.

38. Gadadhara Jonardon Ganeri Gadamer, Hans-Georg Kathleen Wright Hempel, Carl Gustav R. Jeffrey. Henry of Ghent Steven P. Marrone. Henry of HarclayGeorge Molland. heraclides of pontus Hans B. Gottschalk. Heraclitus AA Long. http://www.routledge.com/rep/entrie2.shtml

List of Entries A B C D ... Z G Gadadhara Jonardon Ganeri Gadamer, Hans-Georg Kathleen Wright Gaius Grant McLeod Galen R.J. Hankinson Galileo Galilei Mario Biagioli Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand Frank J. Hoffman Gangesa Stephen H. Phillips Garrigou-Lagrange, Reginald Ralph McInerny Gassendi, Pierre Margaret Osler Gaudiya Vaishnavism Jan Brzezinski Gautama Aksapada Eli Franco Karin Preisendanz Gender and Ethics Zoltan Szabo Gender and Science Sandra Harding Genealogy R. Kevin Hill General Relativity, Philosophical Responses to Thomas Ryckman General Will Peter Nicholson Genetics Lindley Darden Genetics and Ethics Ruth Chadwick Gentile, Giovanni Richard Bellamy Gentzen, Gerhard Karl Erich Volker Peckhaus Geology, Philosophy of Rachel Laudan Geometry, Philosophical Issues in Thomas Ryckman George of Trebizond John Monfasani Gerard of Cremona Mark Jordan Gerard of Odo Bonnie Kent Gerard, Alexander Dabney Townsend Gerbert of Aurillac Fiona Somerset Gerdil, Cardinal Sigismond Patrick Riley German Idealism Paul Franks Gerson, Jean

39. Ancient Philosophy Courses of Leeds (Oxley Hall), from Tuesday, 24 th – Wednesday, 25 th June (immediatelyfollowing the Project Theophrastus conference on heraclides of pontus). http://www.dur.ac.uk/g.r.boys-stones/NAAP/naap2003.htm

George Boys-Stones Durham Classics Northern Association for Ancient Philosophy ANNUAL MEETING 2003 The 2003 Annual Meeting of the NAAP will be held at the University of Leeds (Oxley Hall), from Tuesday, 24 th – Wednesday, 25 th June (immediately following the Project Theophrastus conference on Heraclides of Pontus). The speakers will include: W. W. Fortenbaugh (Rutgers) R. W. Sharples (UCL) P. Gallagher (Heythrop College) J. T. Wolfenden (Oxford) Thanks to the generous support of the Aristotelian Society , the Classical Association , the Hellenic Society , and the Mind Association , we shall be in a position to offer subsidies to postgraduate students who wish to attend this year, and some travel grants in addition. Further details will be posted here as available, or may be sought from the organiser (of both the Project Theophrastus and the NAAP meetings), Dr E. E. Pender (School of Classics, University of Leeds, LEEDS LS2 9JT ). updated 31.i.2003

40. Untitled heraclides of pontus and Ecphantus the Pythagorean make the earth move, not in aprogressive motion, but like a wheel in rotation from west to east around its http://www.7cs.com/copr.htm

Nicholas Copernicus, Letter to Pope Paul III: Preface to De Revolutionibus, 1543 ...Therefore, having obtained the opportunity from these sources, I too began to consider the mobility of the earth." The following two passages are also cited by Copernicus in his letter: "The Syracusan Hicetas, as Theophrastus asserts, holds the view that the heaven, sun, moon, stars, and in short all of the things on high are stationary, and that nothing in the world is in motion except the earth, which by revolving and twisting round its axis with extreme velocity produces all the same results as would be produced if the earth were stationary and the heaven in motion..." Cicero, Academica, 45 B.C. "Some think that the earth remains at rest. But Philolaus the Pythagorean believes that, like the sun and moon, it revolves around the fire in an oblique circle. Heraclides of Pontus and Ecphantus the Pythagorean make the earth move, not in a progressive motion, but like a wheel in rotation from west to east around its own center." Plutarch, Moralia, ca. 100 A.D.

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