21. Grace Hopper From FOLDOC Grace Hopper. person US Navy Rear Admiral Grace Brewster Hopper(190612-09 to 1992-01-01), née Grace Brewster Murray. Hopper http://www.instantweb.com/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?Grace Hopper

22. Penn Engineering \\ Grace Hopper Grace Hopper. Rear Admiral Grace Hopper was a mathematician, computerscientist, systems designer and the inventor of the compiler. http://www.seas.upenn.edu/pubs/grace-hopper.html

Grace Hopper University of Pennsylvania Office of Academic Programs 111 Towne Building · 220 So. 33rd Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-6391 apo@seas.upenn.edu Tel: 215.898.7246 Fax: 215.573.5577

23. History Of Computing: Grace Hopper Grace Hopper. Grace Hopper studied at Vassar College and Yale, thenjoined the Naval Reserve in 1943. From 1944 she worked with Aiken http://www2.fht-esslingen.de/studentisches/Computer_Geschichte/grp4/hopper.html

Grace Hopper Grace Hopper studied at Vassar College and Yale, then joined the Naval Reserve in 1943. From 1944 she worked with Aiken on the Harvard Mark I computer. It was while working on this project that she coined the term bug for a computer fault. The original bug was a moth which caused a hardware fault in the Mark I. She invented the language APT and verified the language COBOL. Hopper was named the first computer science "Man of the Year" (sic) by the Data Processing Management Association in 1969. References: Computers from the Past to the Present Annals of the history of computing Harvard University Gazette Composed by: Thorsten Berg Thomas Wurl Back to the index-page

24. The Wit And Wisdom Of Grace Hopper The Wit and Wisdom of grace hopper. Life As a Lieutenant (JG) grace hopperbegan her work computing with Howard Aiken at Harvard. They http://www.cs.yale.edu/~tap/Files/hopper-wit.html

From The OCLC Newsletter, March/April, 1987, No. 167 (Editor and article author is Philip Schieber.) The Wit and Wisdom of Grace Hopper "Life was simple before World War II. After that, we had systems." That observation comes from one who was present at the creation of the age of systems Rear Admiral Grace Hopper (US Navy, Retired), who spoke on the campus of the Ohio State University, Columbus, on Feb. 5, 1987, as part of a year-long celebration of the twentieth anniversary of the formation of the Department of Computer and Information Science. Introduced as the "third programmer on the first computer in the United States," Admiral Hopper spoke on the "Future of Computers, Hardware, Software, and People." She regaled her audience of more than 1000 persons with stories and pithy observations about the computer age. 72 Words of Storage Grace Hopper is known worldwide for her work with the first large-scale digital computer, the Mark I. "It was 51 feet long, eight feet high, eight feet deep," she said. "And it had 72 words of storage and could perform three additions a second." Admiral Hopper reported for active duty with the Navy in July 1944. She was a 37-year-old reservist who had a doctorate in mathematics from

25. Hopper, Grace - Great Idea Finder Gives facts on this American Navy officer, mathematician, and pioneer in data processing who is also the inventor of the first computer compiler. http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventors/hopper.htm

26. Hopper Biography of grace hopper (19061992) grace hopper was born grace Brewster Murray, the oldest of three children. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Hopper.html

Grace Brewster Murray Hopper Born: 9 Dec 1906 in New York, USA Died: 1 Jan 1992 in Arlington, Virginia, USA Click the picture above to see four larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Grace Hopper was born Grace Brewster Murray, the oldest of three children. Her father, Walter Murray, was an insurance broker while her mother, Mary Van Horne, had a love of mathematics which she passed on to her daughter. Both Grace's parents believed that she and her sister should have an education of the same quality as her brother. The book [2] contains a fascinating account of her childhood. It tells of summers spent with her cousins in their cottage on Lake Wentworth in Wolfeboro, New Hampshire and the games they played there such as kick-the-can, hide-and-seek and cops-and-robbers. It also describes her hobbies of needlepoint, reading and playing the piano. There were certainly signs in Grace's childhood of her fascination with machines and in [2] there is a delightful story of how, when she was seven years old, she took her alarm clock to pieces to find out how it worked. Unable to reassemble it, she took to pieces the other seven clocks she found in the house before her mother discovered what was happening. Grace was educated at two private schools for girls, namely Graham School and Schoonmakers School both in New York City. Intending to enter Vassar College in 1923 she failed a Latin examination and was required to wait another year. She spent the academic year at Hartridge School in Plainfield, New Jersey then entered Vassar College in 1924. She studied mathematics and physics at Vassar College graduating with a BA in 1928. After graduating she undertook research in mathematics at Yale University.

27. Hopper, Grace - A Whatis Definition - See Also: Grace Hopper, Admiral Grace Hopp grace Murray hopper, one of the pioneers of computer science, is generally credited with developments that led to COBOL, the programming language for business applications. http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0%2C%2Csid9_gci213732%2C00.html

Search our IT-specific encyclopedia for: or jump to a topic: Choose a topic... CIO CRM Databases Domino Enterprise Linux IBM S/390 IBM AS/400 Networking SAP Security Solaris Storage Systems Management Visual Basic Web Services Windows 2000 Windows Manageability Advanced Search Browse alphabetically: A B C D ... General Computing Terms Grace Hopper Grace Murray Hopper, one of the pioneers of computer science, is generally credited with developments that led to COBOL , the programming language for business applications on which the world's largest corporations ran for more than a generation. By the time of her death in 1992, Rear Admiral Grace Hopper had left many contributions to the field of software engineering and was arguably the world's most famous programmer. After receiving her Ph.D. in mathematics at Yale, Hopper worked as an associate professor at Vassar College before joining the U.S. Naval Reserve in 1943. She went on to work as a researcher and mathematician at the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corp. and the Sperry Corporation. Having retired from the Navy after World War II, she returned in 1967 to work at the Naval Data Automation Command. At Eckerd-Mauchly, Hopper developed programs for the first large-scale digital computer, the Mark I. She also developed the first

28. Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper Biography and photograph.Category Computers History Pioneers hopper, grace Murray......Rear Admiral grace Murray hopper. by. In 1986, at eighty, grace hopper retired fromthe Navy. A ceremony in her honor was held in Boston on the USS Constitution. http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Hopper.Danis.html

Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper by Sharron Ann Danis Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper Born: December 9, 1906, New York City; Died, January 1, 1992, Alexandria, VA Rear Admiral Hopper was a computer programmer and strong supporter of COBOL programming language. She was a speaker and teacher for the Navy. Education: BA, Mathematics and Physics, Vassar College, 1928; MA, Mathematics,Yale University, 1930; Ph.D., Mathematics, Yale University, 1934 Professional Experience: Associate Professor, Vassar College, 1931 - 1943; Mathematical Officer, US Navy Bureau of Ordinance, 1944-1946; Senior Mathematician, Eckert-Machly Computer Corporation, 1949-1967; Systems Engineer, Sperry Corporation, 1952-1964; Senior consultant, Digital Equipment Corporation, 1986 - 1988. Honors and Awards: Phi Beta Kappa, 1928; Man-of-the-year, Data Processing Management Association, 1969; Legion of Merit, 1973; Distinguished Fellow, British Computer Society, 1973; National Medal of Technology; Navy Meritorious Service Medal, 1980; Defense Distinguished Service Medal, 1986; Admiral Hopper received 47 honorary degrees. "Amazing Grace" Hopper was Born December 9, 1906 to Walter and Mary Murray in New York City. Hopper was the eldest of three children, followed by sister Mary, 3 years younger and brother Roger, 5 years younger. As a child, Hopper spent most of her summers at her family's cottage on Lake Wentworth in Wolfeboro, New Hampshire. Her childhood was a typical one of climbing trees, playing hide-and-seek and other games with her sister, brother and cousins. From her mother, she and her sister Mary also learned needlepoint and cross-stitch. She also enjoyed reading and playing the piano.

29. Grace Hopper 2000 Conference - Celebration Of Women In Computing women in computer science celebrating the life of grace murray hopper's contributionto technology during her lifetime. Working Woman. 1997 grace hopper Website. http://www.sdsc.edu/Hopper/

Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing September 14 - 16, 2000 Sheraton Hyannis Resort Hyannis, Massachusetts on Cape Cod. Travel and Hotel Information Story of Admiral Grace Murray Hopper Resources on the Net Speakers Dr. Rita Colwell Director, National Science Foundation Sheila Talton, Entrepreneur, Former President and CEO of Unisource Network Systems, Inc. Dr.Moira Gunn Public Radio Host, Tech Nation Post-Conference Media Coverage eWeek #1 eWeek #2 Mass High Tech Expected Coverage Boston Business Journal Boston Globe Cape Cod Times Daily Hampshire Gazette Family Money Magazine iVillage.com Telegram and Gazette Wellesley College Community Bulletin Board Working Woman 1997 Grace Hopper Website

30. Grace Murray Hopper: Pioneer Computer Scientist Brief biography and two photographs.Category Computers History Pioneers hopper, grace Murray...... That was in some ways true for grace Murray hopper, and it is allthe more true for women today because of hopper's work. grace http://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/hopper.html

Contents Next Born: New York, New York, December 9, 1906 Died: Arlington, Virginia, January 1, 1992 Pioneer Computer Scientist T he new discipline of computing and the sciences that depend upon it have led the way in making space for women's participation on an equal basis. That was in some ways true for Grace Murray Hopper, and it is all the more true for women today because of Hopper's work. Grace Brewster Murray graduated from Vassar with a B.A. in mathematics in 1928 and worked under algebraist Oystein Ore at Yale for her M.A. (1930) and Ph.D. (1934). She married Vincent Foster Hopper, an educator, in 1930 and began teaching mathematics at Vassar in 1931. She had achieved the rank of associate professor in 1941 when she won a faculty fellowship for study at New York University's Courant Institute for Mathematics. Hopper had come from a family with military traditions, thus it was not surprising to anyone when she resigned her Vassar post to join the Navy WAVES (Women Accepted for Voluntary Emergency Service) in December 1943. She was commissioned a lieutenant in July 1944 and reported to the Bureau of Ordnance Computation Project at Harvard University, where she was the third person to join the research team of professor (and Naval Reserve lieutenant) Howard H. Aiken. She recalled that he greeted her with the words, "Where the hell have you been?" and pointed to his electromechanical Mark I computing machine, saying "Here, compute the coefficients of the arc tangent series by next Thursday."

31. Hopper, Grace - A Whatis Definition - See Also: Grace Hopper, Admiral Grace Hopp grace Murray hopper, one of the pioneers of computer science, is generally creditedwith developments that led to COBOL, the programming language for business http://www.whatis.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci213732,00.html

Search our IT-specific encyclopedia for: or jump to a topic: Choose a topic... CIO CRM Databases Domino Enterprise Linux IBM S/390 IBM AS/400 Networking SAP Security Solaris Storage Systems Management Visual Basic Web Services Windows 2000 Windows Manageability Advanced Search Browse alphabetically: A B C D ... General Computing Terms Grace Hopper Grace Murray Hopper, one of the pioneers of computer science, is generally credited with developments that led to COBOL , the programming language for business applications on which the world's largest corporations ran for more than a generation. By the time of her death in 1992, Rear Admiral Grace Hopper had left many contributions to the field of software engineering and was arguably the world's most famous programmer. After receiving her Ph.D. in mathematics at Yale, Hopper worked as an associate professor at Vassar College before joining the U.S. Naval Reserve in 1943. She went on to work as a researcher and mathematician at the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corp. and the Sperry Corporation. Having retired from the Navy after World War II, she returned in 1967 to work at the Naval Data Automation Command. At Eckerd-Mauchly, Hopper developed programs for the first large-scale digital computer, the Mark I. She also developed the first

32. Grace Hopper Nanosecond - A Whatis Definition In education, a grace hopper nanosecond is a prop used by a teacher to help studentsunderstand an abstract concept. Search our ITspecific encyclopedia for http://www.whatis.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci850361,00.html

Search our IT-specific encyclopedia for: or jump to a topic: Choose a topic... CIO CRM Databases Domino Enterprise Linux IBM S/390 IBM AS/400 Networking SAP Security Solaris Storage Systems Management Visual Basic Web Services Windows 2000 Windows Manageability Advanced Search Browse alphabetically: A B C D ... General Computing Terms Grace Hopper nanosecond In education, a Grace Hopper nanosecond is a prop used by a teacher to help students understand an abstract concept. The teaching tool got its name from the foot-long lengths of telephone wire that Admiral Grace Hopper used to give out at lectures. Admiral Hopper used the wires to illustrate how in one billionth of second (a nanosecond ) an electronic signal can travel almost twelve inches. In addition to being a gifted programmer, Admiral Hopper was quite famous during her lifetime for her teaching skills. Admiral Hopper believed that by providing the learner with a concrete analogy already in their frame of reference, it was possible to absorb and even understand an abstract concept that might otherwise be too difficult to comprehend. Towards the end of her life, when asked which of her many accomplishments she was most proud of, Admiral Hopper replied, "All the young people I have trained over the years". Read more about it at: Grace Hopper is pictured here holding one of her famous nanoseconds.

33. HOPPER, GRACE hopper, grace. mathematician (1906 1992) She was the driver for modernUS computer technology. Modern computer history began when http://www.astr.ua.edu/4000WS/HOPPER.html

HOPPER, GRACE mathematician (1906 - 1992) She was the driver for modern US computer technology. Modern computer history began when Lt (JG) Hopper was assigned to work for Howard Aiken at Harvard in the late 1940s. She spent her career working for the US Navy. At her retirement she was the oldest person on active duty with the US Navy. She coined the term 'computer bug' during her work with with first electronic computers when she found the moth that had shorted out two tubes. She invented the modern subroutine. She built the first A-O compiler which went live on November 4, 1952 on the UNIVAC I to predict the Eisenhower win after 7% vote returns. The Navy and the computer industry felt her work and contributions so valuable that they kept returning her to active duty after retirement. She invented the language APT. She verified the language COBOL. Return to Homepage

34. Grace Murray Hopper Includes portraits, quotes, links, details and a photograph of the first computer bug, and COBOL informat Category Computers History Pioneers hopper, grace Murray...... grace Murray hoppergrace Murray hopper A biography of grace hopper (copied, withpermission, from the grace hopper Celebration of Women in Computing 1994 http://www.jamesshuggins.com/h/tek1/grace_hopper.htm

Grace Murray Hopper Grace Murray Hopper is not only the Mother of COBOL, not only one of the most important women in the history of computers, she is one of the most important people in the history of computers.. This is her page. Portraits of Grace Murray Hopper Portraits collected from around the net. Quotes by Grace Murray Hopper Quotations on my general quotations page by Grace Murray Hopper. Quotes_General.htm#hopper First Computer Bug On 09.Sep.1945 they removed a moth from Relay #70, Panel F, of the Harvard University Mark II Aiken Relay Calculator. That story became a favorite of Grace Murray Hopper. This page describes that "bug", and includes a photo of it. COBOL My COBOL page. Links to information about COBOL on the net. cobol Admiral Hopper Awarded the National Medal of Technology A Digital Equipment Corporation press release from 16.Sep.1991. www.cs.yale.edu/~tap/Files/hopper-medal.html Admiral Hopper Dies Excerpts from a Digital Equipment Corporation Press Release, 02.jan.1992. www.cs.yale.edu/~tap/Files/hopper-obit.html

35. Portraits Of Grace Murray Hopper Portraits of grace Murray hopper (first_computer_bug). COBOLCOBOL Thispage includes information about grace hopper across the net. (cobol). http://www.jamesshuggins.com/h/tek1/grace_hopper_portraits.htm

Portraits of Grace Murray Hopper This page shows some of the photos of Grace Murray Hopper that I have located across the web. In each case I have shown the location from which I have obtained the individual graphic. Graphics marked "reduced" link to a larger "full size" version of the graphic. The linked page shows both the small reduced size graphic and the larger full size graphic. First Computer Bug On 09.Sep.1945 they removed a moth from Relay #70, Panel F, of the Harvard University Mark II Aiken Relay Calculator. That story became a favorite of Grace Murray Hopper. This page describes that "bug", and includes a photo of it. COBOL This page includes information about Grace Hopper across the net. cobol Grace Murray Hopper With an Early Computer Image Source: www.sdsc.edu/Publications/ScienceWomen/images/young-hopper.JPG Info: www.sdsc.edu/Publications/ScienceWomen/hopper.html Image Page on My Site: Click here or on photo Grace Murray Hopper Image Source: www.sdsc.edu/Hopper/IMAGES-old/ghopper.gif Info: www.sdsc.edu/Hopper/GHC_INFO/hopper.html

36. US People--Hopper, Grace Murray. This page features formal and informal photographic portraits of GraceMurray hopper and a picture related to her early computer work. http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-h/g-hoppr.htm

Return to Naval Historical Center home page. Return to Online Library listing DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY NAVAL HISTORICAL CENTER 805 KIDDER BREESE SE WASHINGTON NAVY YARD WASHINGTON DC 20374-5060 Online Library of Selected Images: PEOPLE UNITED STATES Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper, USNR, (1906-1992) Grace Murray (Hopper) was born in New York City on 9 December 1906. She graduated from Vassar College in 1928 and received a PhD in Mathematics from Yale University in 1934. She was a member of the Vassar faculty from 1931 to 1943, when she joined the Naval Reserve. Commissioned a Lieutenant (Junior Grade) 1944, she was assigned to the Bureau of Ordnance and immediately became involved in the development of the then-embryonic electronic computer. Over more than four decades to follow, she was in the forefront of computer and programming language progress. Leaving active duty after the war's end, Dr. Hopper was a member of the Harvard University faculty and, from 1949, was employed in private industry. She retained her Naval Reserve affiliation, attaining the rank of Commander before retiring at the end of 1966. In August 1967, Commander Hopper was recalled to active duty and assigned to the Chief of Naval Operations' staff as Director, Navy Programming Languages Group. She was promoted to Captain in 1973, Commodore in 1983 and Rear Admiral in 1985, a year before she retired from the Naval service. She remained active in industry and education until her death on 1 January 1992.

37. US People--Hopper, Grace Murray. This page features informal pictures of grace Murray hopper takenduring the 1980s. For other views of grace Murray hopper, see http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-h/g-hoppr7.htm

Return to Naval Historical Center home page. Return to Online Library listing DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY NAVAL HISTORICAL CENTER 805 KIDDER BREESE SE WASHINGTON NAVY YARD WASHINGTON DC 20374-5060 Online Library of Selected Images: PEOPLE UNITED STATES Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper, USNR, (1906-1992) Informal Views taken during the 1980s. This page features informal pictures of Grace Murray Hopper taken during the 1980s. For other views of Grace Murray Hopper, see: Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper ; and Informal Views of Grace Murray Hopper during the 1970s If you want higher resolution reproductions than the Online Library's digital images, see "How to Obtain Photographic Reproductions." Click on the small photograph to prompt a larger view of the same image Photo #: NH 96926 Commodore Grace M. Hopper, USNR Receives congratulations from President Ronald Reagan, following her promotion from the rank of Captain to Commodore in ceremonies at the White House, 15 December 1983. Photographed by Pete Souza.

38. Inventors Online Museum Grace Hopper Computer Pioneer And Great Inventor Inventions, grace hopper, Invention of Television, Invention of computer, PatentInvention, African American Inventions, Famous Inventions, first computer http://www.inventorsmuseum.com/gracehopper.htm

Back to Women Inventors Back to Communication Inventions Museum Lobby About ... Search "A ship in port is safe, but that is not what ships are for. Sail out to sea and do new things." Grace Hopper, Computer Pioneer Few people have done as much to transform the world as Grace Murray Hopper, "Amazing Grace" to those who knew and loved her. In her work with the first computers she put us on the track to making computers accessible to everyone. Without her belief that computers could be programmed in plain English and her invention of the first computer compiler it is unlikely that you would be on the web today. Grace Murray Hopper was born in December 1906 in New York City. The oldest of three children, she showed a very early interest in gadgets always trying to figure out how things worked. When she was seven she disassembled seven alarm clocks to see what made them tick. Her love of mechanics led her to Vassar College where she earned a B.A. in Math and Physics. After her graduation she joined the Vassar faculty where she remained until 1943. Never one to be idle, she continued her studies at Yale while teaching. In 1930 she earned her M.A. and then in 1934 her Ph.D in Mathematics. Wanting to assist in the war effort and from a family with a history of military service, Grace decided to join the Navy. At first the Navy didn't want to take her. At 34 years old and 105 pounds she was both overage and underweight. In addition, her profession as math professor was viewed as vital to the war effort. However, the Navy gave in. She was enrolled in Midshipman's School and graduated in the top of her class.

39. GHC2002 TRIBUTE TO grace MURRAY hopper. The Murrays were a family with a long military tradition;grace hopper's ancestors had served in the American Revolutionary War. http://www.gracehopper.org/gmh.html

TRIBUTE TO GRACE MURRAY HOPPER by Merry Maisel , San Diego Supercomputer Center Most of us remember seeing Admiral Grace Murray Hopper on television. We recall a charming, tiny, white-haired lady in a Navy uniform with a lot of braid, admonishing a class of young Naval officers to remember their nanoseconds. The "nanoseconds" she handed out were lengths of wire, cut to not quite 12 inches in length, equal to the distance traveled by an electron along the wire in the space of a nanosecondone billionth of a second. In teaching efficient programming methods, Admiral Hopper wanted to make sure her students would not waste nanoseconds. Occasionally, to make the demonstration even more powerful, she would bring to class an entire "microsecond"a coil of wire nearly 1,000 feet long that the admiral, herself tough and wiry, would brandish with a sweeping gesture and a steady wrist. The vividness of our impression of Hopper as a great teacher derives from these images. But, as computer pioneer Howard Bromberg has written, Hopper was much more. She was a "mathematician, computer scientist, social scientist, corporate politician, marketing whiz, systems designer, and programmer," and, always, a "visionary." After graduating from Vassar with a degree in mathematics in 1928, Grace Brewster Murray worked under algebraist Oystein Ore at Yale for her Ph.D. (1934). She married Vincent Foster Hopper, an educator, in 1930, and began teaching mathematics at Vassar in 1931.

40. Historia - Hopper, Grace About the name Historia grace hopper Research Scientist, ComputerScience (19061992) grace learned a lot from her parents. From http://www.liquidleaf.com/historia/hopper.html

Grace Hopper Research Scientist, Computer Science (1906-1992) Grace learned a lot from her parents. From her mother, she learned to love math, and from her father, she learned how to overcome difficulties (his legs had been amputated due to illness). Grace attended Vassar College, and later she taught math there. Grace also went to Yale University and received her doctorate there. When World War II started, Grace joined the U.S. Navy, and while serving worked at Harvard University to develop the first computer. Grace was one of the first people to program this computer. Early computer languages were very complex, but Grace wanted people other than scientists or mathematicians to be able to use computers. Dr. Grace Hopper developed the first English programming language, called "COBOL". COBOL is still used today, and because of her achievements, Dr. Hopper was the first woman to be appointed admiral in the U.S. Navy. Please feel free to email the webmaster with any suggestions, links or comments!

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