61. Computer Sweden hopper, grace hopper, grace amerikansk datorpionjär och amiral iflottan (1906-1992). grace Murray hopper var med redan på 1940 http://computersweden.idg.se/tjanster/sprakwebb/ord.asp?ord=Hopper, Grace

62. Listings Of The World Computers History Pioneers Hopper, photographs. http//www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/hopper.html AddedNov-25-02; hopper, grace Murray Post Review Short biography. http http://listingsworld.com/Computers/History/Pioneers/Hopper,_Grace_Murray/

63. High-Tech Dictionary Definition Definition for hopper, grace Rear Admiral grace hopper, US.Navy (19061992); originatorof the concept of the compiler, and developer of the first commercial http://www.computeruser.com/resources/dictionary/definition.html?lookup=2417

64. WebGuest - Open Directory : Computers : History : Pioneers : Hopper, Grace Murra Top Computers History Pioneers hopper, grace Murray (9). See also ComputersProgramming Languages Cobol (151). hopper, grace Murray Short biography. http://directory.webguest.com/index.cgi/Computers/History/Pioneers/Hopper,_Grace

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65. Institute For Women And Technology: Grace Hopper Celebration founded by Dr. Anita Borg and Dr. Telle Whitney in 1994 and inspired by the legacyof Admiral grace Murray hopper, the Institute's grace hopper Celebration (GHC http://www.iwt.org/grace-hopper.html

5th Grace Hopper Celebration of Women and Computing Sheraton Chicago Hotel and Towers October 6th - 9th, 2004 Save the Date!! Co-founded by Dr. Anita Borg and Dr. Telle Whitney in 1994 and inspired by the legacy of Admiral Grace Murray Hopper, the Institute's Grace Hopper Celebration (GHC) Of Women In Computing Conference is designed to bring the research and career interests of women in computing to the forefront. It is the largest technical conference for women in computing and results in collaborative proposals, networking and mentoring for junior women and increased visibility for the contributions of women in computing. Conference presenters are leaders in their respective fields, representing industry, academia and government. Top researchers present their work while special sessions focus on the role of women in today's technology fields. Four Grace Hopper Celebration Conferences have been held (conference posters above) reaching over 1500 participants. The 1994 conference was held in Washington D.C. followed by the 1997 conference in San Jose, CA and the 2000 conference in Cape Cod, MA. The 2002 GHC conference was held October 9th-12th, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The theme for the 2002 conference was "Ubiquity".

66. Records For Homosexual Liberation Movement. (in MARION) hopper, grace Murray. Records 1 to 2 of 2. Whitelaw, Nancy. grace hopper programming pioneer / by Nancy Whitelaw ; illustrated by Janet Hamlin. http://js-catalog.cpl.org:60100/MARION/@HORN CARVING/fd47c000d000/0

Homosexual liberation movement. Not found or no more entries match key Data on this system is ©Board of Trustees, Cleveland Public Library.

67. Records For Homosexual Liberation Movement. (in MARION) hopper, grace Murray. Juvenile literature. Not found or no more entries matchkey. Data on this system is ©Board of Trustees, Cleveland Public Library. http://js-catalog.cpl.org:60100/MARION/@HORN CARVING/fd47c000e000/0

Homosexual liberation movement. Not found or no more entries match key Data on this system is ©Board of Trustees, Cleveland Public Library.

68. Zeal.com - United States - New - Computing - Computer Science - General Resource A great resource for United States New - Computing - Computer Science - GeneralResources - History - Computer Pioneers - hopper, grace. hopper, grace http://www.zeal.com/category/preview.jhtml?cid=565754

69. Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper computing. grace Murray hopper Timeline. level. New York Days. grace hopperwas born in 1906. From an early age, hopper was good with gadgets. http://www.hopper.navy.mil/grace/grace.htm

Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper December 9, 1906 - January 1, 1992 In the world of technology, most women do not get the recognition that Rear Admiral Dr. Grace Murray Hopper has received. Hopper is the mother of computing. Her development of the first computer compiler and the first computer programming language helped revolutionize the world of computers. Although Hopper had a career decorated with many rewards, she had to prove herself repeatedly. She once said, & quote "If you do something once, people will call it an accident. If you do it twice, they call it a coincidence. But do it a third time and you've just proven a natural law!" She holds honoree doctorates from over thirty universities and many of her writings have influenced programs made today. Perseverance and knowledge are two traits that made her a great leader. She was determined not to let anyone get in the way of her vision of creating a much wider audience for computing. Grace Murray Hopper Timeline 1906 Born in New York 1928 Graduated from Vassar College with Phi Beta Kappa 1930 Earned her Masters in Math and Physics at Yale 1934 Earned her Ph.D. in Math and Physics at Yale

70. Directory :: Look.com hopper, grace Murray (9) See Also. grace Murray hopper Pioneer Computer ScientistBrief biography and two photographs. hopper, grace Murray Short biography. http://www.look.com/searchroute/directorysearch.asp?p=491721

71. Advanced MIS Laboratory language, which at the time was a breakthrough event. In 1991, AdmiralGrace hopper was awarded the National Medal of Technology. http://www.umsl.edu/divisions/business/mis/grace.html

Information Systems College of Business Administration University of Missouri - St. Louis This Lab receives no campus funding. It is made available to the MIS Students through generous corporate gifts from CitiBank Connectria EDS General American Life Insurance Company ... Transentric and United Parcel Service Who is Grace? The server for this lab is named "Grace" in honor of one of the MIS pioneers, Grace Murray Hopper (1906-1992). She was born in New York City, graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Vassar, earned MA and Ph.D. degrees at Yale, and returned to Vassar as an assistant professor of mathematics. During World War II, she was commissioned in the U.S. Naval Reserve as a second lieutenant and, as a senior mathematician with Sperry Rand, worked on the first commercial computer and played an important role in the development of the Mark I computer at the Harvard Computational Laboratory directed by Howard Aiken. Later, she worked with J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly on the UNIVAC I. Years afterward, Hopper recalled, "Those were precarious days. We used to say if UNIVAC I didn't work, we were just going to throw it out one side of the factory, which was a junkyard, and we were going to jump out the other side, which was a cemetery!" But it was a success, and she went on to play a leading role in the development of the COBOL programming language, which at the time was a breakthrough event. In 1991, Admiral Grace Hopper was awarded the National Medal of Technology.

72. Grace Hopper Quotations Advertisement. grace hopper. Women's Voices Quotations by Women Quotecollection assembled by Jone Johnson Lewis. A ship in port is http://womenshistory.about.com/library/qu/blquhopp.htm

zfp=-1 About History Women's History Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting in partnership with Women's History with Jone Johnson Lewis Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') This Week's Articles tod('tih'); Today in History Daily Quiz tod('pod'); Picture of the Day Special Subscription Offers Subscribe Now Choose One: Subscribe Customer Service Subjects Essentials/Basics March: WH Month! Biographies World: by Place ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Grace Hopper Women's Voices: Quotations by Women Quote collection assembled by Jone Johnson Lewis A ship in port is safe, but that is not what ships are for. Sail out to sea and do new things. More Quotations - Indexed by Name All A B C ... Z Explore Women's History: Article: Women's Voices Primary Sources Biographies Today in Women's History ... Email this page! Sponsored Links Search Census Records - Free with Registration Genealogy.com provides beginners and experts with a wealth of tools, information, and advice to get you started or get past the stumbling blocks in your family search. http://www.genealogy.com/

73. Howard Aiken And Grace Hopper Howard Aiken and grace hopper computer inventors with the Mark computer series. HowardAiken and grace hopper The Inventors of the Harvard MARK 1 Computer http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blaiken_hopper.htm

zfp=-1 About Homework Help Inventors Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Inventors with Mary Bellis Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS 20th Century Inventions History of Computers/Internet A to Z Inventions ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Howard Aiken and Grace Hopper The inventors of the Harvard MARK 1 Computer were Grace Hopper and Howard Aiken. Harvard Mark 1 Computer Featured Story Howard Aiken with the assistance of Grace Hopper, designed the MARK series of computers at Harvard University. The MARK series of computers began with the Mark I in 1944. Looking Back: Grace Murray Hopper's Younger Years Remembering Grace Murray Hopper A Legend in Her Own Time Related Innovations Computers Women Inventors By Mary Bellis Grace Hopper - Biography Grace Hopper (1906-1992) was one of the first programmers to transform large digital computers from oversized calculators into relatively intelligent machines capable of understanding "human" instructions. Hopper invented the first computer "compiler" in 1952. A compiler is software that makes other computer software called programming languages easier to write. Computer programmers had been required to write programming instructions in binary code, a series of 0's and 1's. Grace Hopper's compiler allowed programmers to use more human sounding language commands to replace repetitive commands.

74. Howard Aiken And Grace Hopper - Inventors Of The Mark I Computer The Harvard MARK I Computer Howard Aiken and grace hopper. Howard Aiken andgrace hopper designed the MARK series of computers at Harvard University. http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa052198.htm

zfp=-1 About Homework Help Inventors Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Inventors with Mary Bellis Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS 20th Century Inventions History of Computers/Internet A to Z Inventions ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Inventors of the Modern Computer The Harvard MARK I Computer - Howard Aiken and Grace Hopper Harvard Mark 1 Computer Grace Hopper Howard Aiken Inventors of the Modern Computer Series Table of Contents Next Chapter ENTER More on Grace Hopper and Howard Aiken Complete Biography of Grace Hopper and Howard Aiken By Mary Bellis Howard Aiken and Grace Hopper designed the MARK series of computers at Harvard University. The MARK series of computers began with the Mark I in 1944. Imagine a giant roomful of noisy, clicking metal parts, 55 feet long and 8 feet high. The 5-ton device contained almost 760,000 separate pieces. Used by the US Navy for gunnery and ballistic calculations, the Mark I was in operation until 1959. The computer, controlled by pre-punched paper tape, could carry out addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and reference to previous results. It had special subroutines for logarithms and trigonometric functions and used 23 decimal place numbers. Data was stored and counted mechanically using 3000 decimal storage wheels, 1400 rotary dial switches, and 500 miles of wire. Its electromagnetic relays classified the machine as a relay computer. All output was displayed on an electric typewriter. By today's standards, the Mark I was slow, requiring 3-5 seconds for a multiplication operation.

75. AWC: Augusta Ada Lovelace Award Rear Admiral grace Murray hopper, USNR 1983 Lovelace Award Recipient.Best woman. grace hopper Celebration of Women in Computing, 1997. http://www.awc-hq.org/lovelace/1983.htm

Past Award Recipients Dr. Dorothy E. Denning Forefront of information warfare, security, and cryptography fields Adele Mildred Koss Developed the first compilers Esther Dyson A powerful thinker in the computing industry! Betty Holberton One of the six original programmers of ENIAC Dr. Anita Borg Founder of Systers Jean Sammet Expert in programming languages Margaret H. Hamilton Founder of Higher Order Software Amy D. Wohl Pioneer of office automation and ergonomics Dr. Ruth M. Davis Distinguished in government service Grace Murray Hopper Known for COBOL Dr. Thelma Estrin Professor of computer science at UCLA Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper, USNR 1983 Lovelace Award Recipient Best known of the women awarded the Lovelace award is Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper. Her career began when she joined the Navy and was assigned to work with Commander Howard Aitken at Harvard on the Mark 1. It was here she coined the term, "debugging" when a moth caused the Mark II to fail. In 1949 she joined the Eckert-Mauchly Corporation where she designed the first compiler, A-0. The industry group developing COBOL, partially supervised by Hopper, used Flowmatic, a business programming language she had developed as a model. Hopper become known as the grandmother of COBOL. Besides her work on COBOL, Hopper was known for her technical vision and ideas on computer applications and for tools for compiling and programming such as subroutines, relative addressing, linking loaders, code optimization and symbolic manipulation.

76. Histoire De L'Informatique : Liens : Résumé Des Liens Présentés Ailleurs Dan Translate this page Rear Admiral grace Murray hopper Article hopper,grace Murray. WIC Biography - gracehopper Article hopper,grace Murray. STEVE JOBS Article JOBS,Steve Paul. http://www.histoire-informatique.org/liens/resumeliens.html

Résumé des liens présentés ailleurs dans le site John Vincent Atanasoff [Article ATANASOFF,John Vincent Charles Babbage [Article BABBAGE,Charles Longer Bio for Tim Berners-Lee [Article BERNERS-LEE,Tim InfoScience: Hommage (logique)   George Boole [Article BOOLE,George CERF VINTON G. [Article CERF,Vinton G. A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries: Lee de Forest [Article DE FOREST,Lee A Man With A Vision [Article GATES,Bill Bill Gates' Web site [Article GATES,Bill Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper [Article HOPPER,Grace Murray WIC Biography - Grace Hopper [Article HOPPER,Grace Murray STEVE JOBS [Article JOBS,Steve Paul Gary Kildall: La premi¨re victime de Bill Gates. [Article KILDALL,Gary Don Knuth's Home Page [Article KNUTH,Donald E. John von Neumann [Article NEUMANN,Johannes Von Blaise Pascal [Article PASCAL,Blaise Dennis Ritchie Home Page [Article RITCHIE,Dennis CLAUDE SHANNON [Article SHANNON,Claude Elwood Claude Shannon, Father of Information Theory, Dies at 84 [Article SHANNON,Claude Elwood George Stibitz [Article STIBITZ,George Linus Torvalds: Builder of the Century [Article TORVALDS,Linus

77. Women In Math: Biographies Hazlett, Olive Clio (18901974) Hennel, Cora Barbara (1886-1947) Herschel, Caroline(1750-1848) Hewitt, Gloria(1935-) hopper, grace Brewster Murray (1906-1992 http://www.uoregon.edu/~wmnmath/People/Biographies/H.html

H Hagood, Margaret Jarman Hay, Louise Hayes, Ellen Armanda Haynes, Nola ... Hypatia

78. Hopper, Grace Murray . The American Heritage® Dictionary Of The English Languag hopper, grace Murray . The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English LanguageFourth Edition. 2000. 2000. hopper, grace Murray. DATES 1906–1992. http://www.bartleby.com/61/61/H0276150.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference American Heritage Dictionary Hopper, Edward ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition.

79. Grace Hopper The amazing grace hopper. by Marianne McKenzie. grace Brewster grace hopperwas truly one of the first pioneers of programming. Having programmed http://wayne.home.texas.net/~wayne/grace1.html

The amazing Grace Hopper by Marianne McKenzie Grace Brewster Murray Hopper Born: December 9, 1906 in New York City Grace Hopper was the creator of the first compiler, and mother of COBOL. In addition, she was a colorful speaker and gifted teacher who loved computers and the U.S. Navy. Education: Hartridge School, 1924 Vassar College, Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics and Physics, Phi Beta Kappa, 1928 Yale University, Masters of Arts in Mathematics, 1930 Yale University, Ph.D., Sigma Xi, 1934 Vassar Faculty Fellow, 1941-42 Military Record: Apprentice Seaman and Midshipman, May 4- June 27, 1944 Lieutenant ( junior grade), June 27, 1944 Lieutenant, June 1, 1946 Lieutenant Commander, April 1, 1952 Commander, July 1, 1957 Retired with rank of Commander, December 31,1966 Recalled to active duty, August 1, 1967 Captain, August 1, 1973 Commodore, November 8, 1983 Rank of Commodore known as Rear Admiral, November 8, 1985 Retired with rank of Commodore, August 14, 1986 Professional Activities Instructor to Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, Vassar College, 1931-43

80. Grace Hopper '28 The grace hopper '28 Home Page. grace Murray (19061992) was a Math/Physics majorat Vassar who graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1928. Other grace hopper Pages. http://www.cs.vassar.edu/history/hopper/hopper.html

The Grace Hopper '28 Home Page Grace Murray (1906-1992) was a Math/Physics major at Vassar who graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1928. She stayed at Vassar to teach, and became Grace Murray Hopper in 1930, after marrying Vincent Hopper. With the help of a Vassar College Fellowship, she went to Yale for graduate school, earning her Ph.D. in 1934. She remained at Vassar until 1943, inspiring many students including Winifred Asprey '38, who brought computers to Vassar and founded the computer science program here. Grace Hopper's legacy lives on at Vassar College's computer science department. While a faculty member here, she built a house on campus, which is currently inhabited by her student, Winifred Asprey '38. While her many achievments are remarkable, she is best known in Computer Science as the inventor of the compiler. Dr. Hopper is perhaps most notorious for coining the term, "bug," to describe a problem with a computer, based on her discovery of a moth in a relay panel. Here are some photos of Grace we have compiled. (Note: some of the images are large, but it will be time well spent!)

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