1. A Science Odyssey: People And Discoveries: Edwin Hubble Edwin Hubble 1889 1953 Edwin Powell Hubble is renowned for determiningthat there are other galaxies in the Universe beyond the http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bahubb.html

Edwin Hubble Edwin Powell Hubble is renowned for determining that there are other galaxies in the Universe beyond the Milky Way, and for observing that the universe is expanding at a constant rate. Hubble was a tall, elegant, athletic, man who at age 30 had an undergraduate degree in astronomy and mathematics, a legal degree as a Rhodes scholar, followed by a PhD in astronomy. He was an attorney in Kentucky (joined its bar in 1913), and had served in WWI, rising to the rank of major. He was bored with law and decided to go back to his studies in astronomy. In 1919 he began to work at Mt. Wilson Observatory in California, where he would work for the rest of his life. He was researching nebulae, fuzzy patches of light in the sky. In 1924, he announced the discovery of a Cepheid, or variable star, in the Andromeda Nebulae. Since the work of Henrietta Leavitt had made it possible to calculate the distance to Cepheids , he calculated that this Cepheid was much further away than anyone had thought and that therefore the nebulae was not a gaseous cloud inside our galaxy, like so many nebulae, but in fact, a galaxy of stars just like the Milky Way. Only much further away. Until now, people believed that the only thing existing ouside the Milky Way were the Magellanic Clouds. The Universe was much bigger than had been previously presumed. Hubble wanted to classify the galaxies according to their content, distance, shape, and brightness patterns, and in his observations he made another momentous discovery: By observing redshifts in the light wavelengths emitted by the galaxies, he saw that galaxies were moving away from each other at a rate constant to the distance between them (Hubble's Law). The further away they were, the faster they receded. This led to the calculation of the point where the expansion began, and confirmation of the big bang theory. Hubble calculated it to be about 2 billion years ago, but more recent estimates have revised that to 20 billion years ago.

2. Hubble EDWIN HUBBLE. Perhaps more than any other person, Edwin Hubble (18841953)expanded our view of the universe. At the dawn of the http://www.pbs.org/wnet/hawking/cosmostar/html/cstars_hubble.html

EDWIN HUBBLE P erhaps more than any other person, Edwin Hubble (1884-1953) expanded our view of the universe. At the dawn of the 20th century, most astronomers thought that the Milky Way Galaxy was the universe, and it measured only a few thousand light-years across. In the 1910s, Harlow Shapley showed that the galaxy actually stretches about 100,000 light-years, and Henrietta Leavitt determined that the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (two companion galaxies to our own, visible from the Southern Hemisphere) lay slightly outside the Milky Way’s border. But one big question that remained was the nature of the fuzzy patches of light known as nebulae. In 1923 and 1924, Hubble used the largest telescope in the world—the 100-inch Hooker Telescope at Mt. Wilson—to examine the Andromeda Nebula. The Oxford-trained lawyer-turned-astronomer detected for the first time stars similar to those in our own galaxy. By comparing how bright the stars appeared with how much light they actually gave off, he estimated the distance to the nebula as nearly a million light-years, clearly making it a huge galaxy in its own right. Hubble went on to find the distances to many other galaxies, eventually pushing the frontiers of the universe out to hundreds of millions of light-years. He then compared the distances to the speeds with which the galaxies were racing away, and deduced that the farther away the galaxy, the faster it moved. This relation, known as Hubble’s Law, was observational proof that the universe was expanding. Appropriately, the famed Hubble telescope was named in his honor.

3. Hubble Edwin Powell Hubble. Born 20 Nov 1889 in Marshfield Edwin Hubble was a manwho changed our view of the Universe. In 1929 he showed that galaxies http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Hubble.html

Edwin Powell Hubble Born: 20 Nov 1889 in Marshfield, Missouri, USA Died: 28 Sept 1953 in San Marino, California, USA Click the picture above to see two larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Edwin Hubble was a man who changed our view of the Universe. In 1929 he showed that galaxies are moving away from us with a speed proportional to their distance. The explanation is simple, but revolutionary: the Universe is expanding. Hubble was born in Missouri in 1889. His family moved to Chicago in 1898, where at High School he was a promising, though not exceptional, pupil. He was more remarkable for his athletic ability, breaking the Illinois State high jump record. At university too he was an accomplished sportsman playing for the University of Chicago basketball team. He won a Rhodes scholarship to Oxford where he studied law. It was only some time after he returned to the US that he decided his future lay in astronomy. In the early 1920s Hubble played a key role in establishing just what galaxies are. It was known that some spiral nebulae (fuzzy clouds of light on the night sky) contained individual stars, but there was no consensus as to whether these were relatively small collections of stars within our own galaxy, the '

4. Biographies Info Science : Hubble Edwin Powell Translate this page nouvelle recherche, hubble edwin Powell Physicien américain (Marshfield,1889 - San Marino, 1953). Brillant élève du lycée de http://www.infoscience.fr/histoire/biograph/biograph.php3?Ref=35

5. Edwin Hubble EDWIN HUBBLE Probably the greatest observational astronomer of our century,Edwin P. Hubble was a staff astronomer at Carnegie Institution's http://www.ciw.edu/Hubble.html

EDWIN HUBBLE Probably the greatest observational astronomer of our century, Edwin P. Hubble was a staff astronomer at Carnegie Institution's Mount Wilson Observatory, California, from 1919 until his death in 1953. His arrival coincided roughly with the completion of the Mount Wilson 100-inch Hooker Telescope, then the world's most powerful telescope. Hubble's observations in 1923-1924 with the Hooker Telescope established beyond doubt that the fuzzy "nebulae" seen earlier with less powerful telescopes were not part of our galaxy, as had been assumed, but were galaxies themselves, external to the Milky Way. Subsequently, with Milton Humanson, Hubble discovered the velocity-distance relation, which led to the concept of the expanding universe. The general picture of the universe established in his work remains at the heart of present-day cosmology. The orbiting Space Telescope is named in his honor. Biographical information: Hubble was born in 1889 in Marshfield, Missouri. His undergraduate studies at the University of Chicago emphasized mathematics and astronomy, and led to the B.S. degree in 1910. He spent the next three years as a Rhodes scholar at Oxford, where he studied in the field of law and received the M.A. degree. He returned to astronomy at the Yerkes Observatory of the University of Chicago, where he earned the Ph.D. in 1917. Hubble was offered a staff position by George Ellery Hale, the founder and director of Carnegie Institution's Mount Wilson Observatory, near Pasadena, California. But before accepting, Hubble served with the U.S. Army in France, where he rose to the rank of Major. He returned to America in 1919 and accepted the Mount Wilson appointment. He remained with Carnegie until his death in 1953. Shortly before his death, Palomar's 200-inch Hale Telescope was completed. Hubble was the first to use it. He died of stroke on September 28, 1953. For more information, contact

6. WIEM: Hubble Edwin Powell (encyklopedia.pl)Category World Polska Leksykon Encyklopedia encyklopedia.pl H......hubble edwin Powell (18891957), wybitny astronom amerykanski, zidentyfikowalpewne obiekty mglawicowe jako odrebne galaktyki (1924), rozpoczal http://wiem.onet.pl/wiem/000342.html

wiem.onet.pl napisz do nas losuj: has³a multimedia Astronomia, Stany Zjednoczone Hubble Edwin Powell widok strony znajd¼ podobne poka¿ powi±zane Hubble Edwin Powell (1889-1957), wybitny astronom amerykañski, zidentyfikowa³ pewne obiekty mg³awicowe jako odrêbne galaktyki (1924), rozpocz±³ ich klasyfikacjê oraz odkry³ rozszerzanie siê Wszech¶wiata Mg³awica refleksyjna NGC 2661 - mg³awica E. Hubble'a Teleskop Hubble'a, orbituj±cy poza atmosfer± ziemsk± G³êbokie pole Hubble'a Zobacz równie¿ Dopplera zjawisko Mg³awice Przesuniêcie ku czerwieni Wszech¶wiata modele Odwied¼ w Internecie Astronomia Powi±zania Hubble'a teleskop Astronomia Kosmologia Galaktyki ... do góry Encyklopedia zosta³a opracowana na podstawie Popularnej Encyklopedii Powszechnej Wydawnictwa Fogra

7. Cassiopea: Glossario - Hubble Edwin P. http://www.cassiopeaonline.it/glossario/h/ehubble.html

menu glossario Hubble Edwin P. galassie si allontanano in tutte le direzioni!" Osservando gli spettri di galassie lontane, l'astronomo aveva notato, nella maggior parte dei casi, uno spostamento lunghezze d'onda maggiori. Uno spostamento verso il rosso ( redshift ) indicava che la sorgente era in allontanamento dall'osservatore. Il significato di questa relazione lineare, nota come " legge di Hubble Un osservatore in una galassia lontana miliardi di anni luce da noi vedrebbe nelle galassie a lui vicine la stessa relazione tra distanza e spostamento verso il rosso che si rileva stando nella nostra Galassia.

8. Biography - Edwin Hubble Edwin Powell Hubble (18891953). Latest Modification June 20, 1996 Hubble attendedhigh school in Chicago, where he excelled as a student and as an athlete. http://www.physics.gmu.edu/classinfo/astr103/CourseNotes/ECText/Bios/hubble.htm

Edwin Powell Hubble (1889-1953) Latest Modification: June 20, 1996 Hubble attended high school in Chicago, where he excelled as a student and as an athlete. In 1906, he received a B.S. degree in mathematics and astronomy from the University of Chicago. At the university he earned such an excellent reputation as a boxer that a sports promoter wanted him to train for a fight with Jack Johnson, then the world heavyweight champion. He was awarded a Rhodes scholarship for Oxford, England, where he studied law. Hubble returned to the United States in 1913 to practice law in Louisville. A year later he went back to his alma mater to begin studies for an astronomical career at the Yerkes Observatory. No one, he stated, should go into astronomy without a genuine call, and the only way to test a call is by having another calling to be called away from. In 1919, Hubble joined the staff of the Mount Wilson Observatory. Toward the end of 1924, Hubble made his first great discovery: With the new 100-inch reflector he was able to sort out a number of bright Cepheids in some large spirals, and employing the Cepheid period-luminosity relation, he demonstrated that these spirals were other galactic systems. This put an end to the raging controversy about whether these objects belonged to our Milky Way or were beyond it. In 1925, Hubble established a classification system for galaxies. However, it was 4 years later that he made his greatest discovery. After the tedious process of determining the distances of a number of galaxies and observing their redshifts, Hubble and others used them to show that there existed a proportional relationship between distance and velocity, now known as Hubble velocity-distance law of recession. Although at first Hubble doubted the notion that this relationship was evidence for an expanding Universe, he later accepted the view after cosmologists had pointed out that this was the only logical explanation.

9. Edwin Hubble - Wikipedia Edwin Hubble. Edwin Hubble (November 20, 1889 September 28, 1953) was a notedAmerican astronomer who was able to show that the universe is expanding. http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help Other languages: Deutsch Esperanto Edwin Hubble From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Edwin Hubble November 20 September 28 ) was a noted American astronomer who was able to show that the universe is expanding. Hubble was born on in Marshfield, Missouri and his studies at the University of Chicago concentrated on mathematics and astronomy which led to a B.S. degree in 1910. He spent the next three years as a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford, where he studied in the field of law and received the M.A. degree. He returned to astronomy at the Yerkes Observatory of the University of Chicago, where he earned a Ph.D. in . Hubble was offered a staff position by George Ellery Hale , the founder and director of Carnegie Institution's Mount Wilson Observatory , near Pasadena, California

10. Powersof10.com EDWIN hubble edwin Hubble made a number of critical contributions to cosmology eachof which alone would be considered a spectacular contribution, but taken http://www.powersof10.com/powers/people/station_45.html

June 29, 2002 thru January 5, 2003 California Academy of Sciences For more information, including video clips from the exhibition. Visit the California Academy of Sciences. Eames Office 2665 Main Street Santa Monica, CA 90405 ph 310-396-5991 fx 310-396-4677 Edwin Hubble Text Overview Contained on CD Free Association Books EDWIN HUBBLE Edwin Hubble made a number of critical contributions to cosmology each of which alone would be considered a spectacular contribution, but taken together they suggest a man who really did much of the scouting and reconnaissance for the rest of the field. In the video clip at this station, cosmologist George Smoot, team leader of the COBE satellite project, talks about Hubble's importance to the field. Indeed, if, as he has suggested elsewhere, Smoot is right that our time will be thought of as a great Age of Exploration, comparable to the sailing voyages of discovery in the 1500's, then Edwin Hubble will have to be considered a leading navigator. Hubble also developed the classification scheme for galaxies that is still used today. [A brief word about a tool which Hubble developed and a tool used by astronomers today: the red shift. The red shift is a prediction of Einstein's general theory of relativity and is basically a visual version of the Doppler effect that one senses every time a horn honks in a passing car. The sound appears to change to the stationary listener, but in fact at the source sound is the same. With the red shift, the light from galaxies moving away from the Earth, is stretched towards the red end of the spectrum (longer wavelengths). The degree to which it is stretched tells us the speed at which the galaxy is moving away from us and that, along with Hubble's Constant, gives us the distance.]

11. Edwin Hubble Edwin Hubble. Edwin Hubble was his name. Portrait of Edwin Hubble Courtesyof the Archives, California Institute of Technology. Last http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/people/modern_era/hubble.html

Edwin Hubble Edwin Hubble was an American astronomer who lived between 1889-1953. His observations of galaxies helped him develop the idea of an expanding universe , which forms the basis of modern cosmology , the study of the origin of the universe. He also discovered a relationship between a galaxy's speed and its distance. Hubble's studies were interrupted by service in both World Wars. The Hubble space telescope , currently on an observation project in space, bears his name. Portrait of Edwin Hubble Courtesy of the Archives, California Institute of Technology Last modified February 27, 1997 by the Windows Team The source of this material is Windows to the Universe , at http://www.windows.ucar.edu/

12. Edwin Hubble Edwin Hubble. Lawyerturned-astronomer who photographed the galaxies.Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) was an American astronomer. http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/note/kagaku/e/kag13_e.html

Edwin Hubble Lawyer-turned-astronomer who photographed the galaxies Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) was an American astronomer. He was originally a lawyer but turned his attention to astronomy after taking postgraduate studies at the University of Chicago. After World War I, Hubble started work at the Wilson Observatory, taking photographs of galaxies through the lens of a massive telescope. At about the same time, another American astronomer discovered that the Andromeda Nebula was moving away from the Earth. Ripples caused by Einstein's space theory In 1916, Albert Einstein announced his general theory of relativity and the following year produced his model of space based on that theory. Einstein argued that the universe was immobile, but Dutch astronomer Willem de Sitter calculated Einstein's equation and proved that the universe was actually expanding. In 1922, Russian physicist Alexander Friedmann used Einstein's equations to prove that the universe could either shrink or expand. Hubble's rule of an expanding universe During the uncertainties of the era, Hubble was able to observe galaxies at distances up to 7 million light years away. By doing so he was able to come up with Hubble's Law, which said that the further galaxies were away from earth the faster they moved away from our planet. Hubble's rule proved the universe was expanding like a big balloon. In 1930, Einstein visited Wilson Observatory and viewed photos of galaxies taken by Hubble. After seeing the photographs, Einstein gave up his theory of an immobile universe for all time. The orbiting space telescope observing the universe is named after Hubble.

13. RCG: Edwin Hubble Edwin Hubble. Born 20th November 1889, Marshfield Edwin Hubble was aman who changed our view of the Universe. In 1929 he showed that http://va5-15.iso.port.ac.uk/cosmos/hubble.html

Edwin Hubble Born: 20th November 1889, Marshfield, Missouri, USA Died 28th September 1953, San Marino, California, USA Edwin Hubble was a man who changed our view of the Universe. In 1929 he showed that galaxies are moving away from us with a speed proportional to their distance. The explanation is simple, but revolutionary: the Universe is expanding. Hubble was born in Missouri in 1889. His family moved to Chicago in 1898, where at High School he was a promising, though not exceptional, pupil. He was more remarkable for his athletic ability, breaking the Illinois State high jump record. At university too he was an accomplished sportsman playing for the University of Chicago basketball team. He won a Rhodes scholarship to Oxford where he studied law. It was only some time after he returned to the US that he decided his future lay in astronomy. In the early 1920's Hubble played a key role in establishing just what galaxies are. It was known that some spiral nebulae (fuzzy clouds of light on the night sky) contained individual stars, but there was no consensus as to whether these were relatively small collections of stars within our own galaxy, the ``Milky Way'' that stretches right across the sky, or whether these could be separate galaxies, or ``island universes'', as big as our own galaxy but much further away. In 1924 Hubble measured the distance to the Andromeda nebula, a faint patch of light with about the same apparent diameter as the moon, and showed it was about a hundred thousand times as far away as the nearest stars. It had to be a separate galaxy, comparable in size our own Milky Way but much further away.

14. The @stro Pages - @stro Objects Archive - Edwin Hubble Edwin Hubble, Ph.D. Edwin Hubble, Ph.D. Dr. Edwin Hubble (18891953) is probablyone of the most famous observational astronomers of the 20th century. http://theastropages.com/astroobjects/2000/20000410.htm

menu: index astrophotos articles @stro objects ... search: (c) 1997-2000 the @stro pages Edwin Hubble, Ph.D. The @stro object for the week of 04/10/2000 image courtesy of the Mt. Wilson Archive Edwin Hubble, Ph.D. Dr. Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) is probably one of the most famous observational astronomers of the 20th century. He is credited with many amazing discoveries and his findings revolutionized celestial theories. His research continues to form the basis of current astronomical research. Dr. Hubble was born in Marshfield, Missouri, to Virginia Lee James from Virginia City, Nevada, and John Powell Hubble from Missouri. He received his BS from the University of Chicago in 1910 and was awarded a Rhodes scholarship to Oxford University in the same year where he went on to earn an MA. In 1913 he passed the bar and practiced law until he gave it up for astronomy. In 1914 he returned to the Yerkes Observatory at the University of Chicago to work on his doctoral work in astronomy. In 1917 he received his Ph.D. in astronomy. He was invited to join the Mt. Wilson observatory staff in Pasadena, California, but the day after he finished his doctoral thesis and took the oral examination he enlisted with the US Army to take part in World War I. He was commissioned a captain and later attained the rank of major. He was discharged from the Army in 1919 and immediately moved to Mt. Wilson to accept the position he'd been offered before the war.

15. :: NASA Quest > Archives :: edwin hubble, by his inspired use of the largest telescope of his time, the 100 inch reflector on the Mount Wilson http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/hst/about/edwin.html

EDWIN POWELL HUBBLE November 20, l889-September 28, 1953 from an article by N.U. Mayall in BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS NAS 41 Edwin Hubble, by his inspired use of the largest telescope of his time, the 100 inch reflector on the Mount Wilson Observatory, revolutionized our knowledge of the size, structure, and properties of the universe. Hubble 's observations proved that galaxies are 'island universes". Hubble also outlined a classification system for galaxies that is still in use. His greatest discovery was the linear relationship between a galaxy's distance and the speed with which it is moving, known as the Hubble Constant. Edwin's mother was Virginia Lee James, from Virginia City, Nevada, and his father was John Powell Hubble, from Missouri, where Edwin himself was born in Marshfield on Novemeber 20, l889, during a visit to his grandparents. He liked and read many books, such as novels by Jules Verne and H. Rider Haggard, especially "King Solomon's Mines" . His father was affiliated with an insurance company; he had his office in Chicago and settled his family in surburban Wheaton.

16. Hubble, Edwin Powell hubble, edwin Powell. (b. Nov. 20, 1889, Marshfield, Mo., U.S.d. http://www.gaiaguys.net/hubble.htm

Hubble, Edwin Powell (b. Nov. 20, 1889, Marshfield, Mo., U.S.d. Sept. 28, 1953, San Marino, Calif.), American astronomer who is considered the founder of extragalactic astronomy and who provided the first evidence of the expansion of the universe. Hubble's interest in astronomy flowered at the University of Chicago, where he was inspired by the astronomer George E. Hale. At Chicago, Hubble earned both an undergraduate degree in mathematics and astronomy (1910) and a reputation as a fine boxer. Upon graduation, however, Hubble turned away from both astronomy and athletics, preferring to study law as a Rhodes Scholar at the University of Oxford (B.A., 1912). He joined the Kentucky bar in 1913 but dissolved his practice soon after, finding himself bored with law. A man of many talents, he finally chose to focus them on astronomy, returning to the University of Chicago and its Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin. After earning a Ph.D. in astronomy (1917) and serving in World War I, Hubble settled down to work at the Mount Wilson Observatory near Pasadena, Calif., and began to make discoveries concerning extragalactic phenomena. While at Mount Wilson, Hubble discovered (1922-24) that not all nebulae in the sky are part of the Milky Way Galaxy, the vast star system to which the Sun belongs. He found that certain nebulae contain stars called Cepheid variables, for which a correlation was already known to exist between periodicity and absolute magnitude. Using the further relationship among distance, apparent magnitude, and absolute magnitude, Hubble determined that these Cepheids are several hundred thousand light-years away and thus outside the Milky Way system and that the nebulae in which they are located are actually galaxies distinct from the Milky Way. This discovery, announced in 1924, forced astronomers to revise their ideas about the cosmos.

17. Hubble Biography of edwin hubble (18891953) edwin Powell hubble. Born 20 Nov 1889 in Marshfield, Missouri, USA http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Hubble.html

Edwin Powell Hubble Born: 20 Nov 1889 in Marshfield, Missouri, USA Died: 28 Sept 1953 in San Marino, California, USA Click the picture above to see two larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Edwin Hubble was a man who changed our view of the Universe. In 1929 he showed that galaxies are moving away from us with a speed proportional to their distance. The explanation is simple, but revolutionary: the Universe is expanding. Hubble was born in Missouri in 1889. His family moved to Chicago in 1898, where at High School he was a promising, though not exceptional, pupil. He was more remarkable for his athletic ability, breaking the Illinois State high jump record. At university too he was an accomplished sportsman playing for the University of Chicago basketball team. He won a Rhodes scholarship to Oxford where he studied law. It was only some time after he returned to the US that he decided his future lay in astronomy. In the early 1920s Hubble played a key role in establishing just what galaxies are. It was known that some spiral nebulae (fuzzy clouds of light on the night sky) contained individual stars, but there was no consensus as to whether these were relatively small collections of stars within our own galaxy, the '

18. EDWIN HUBBLE 1889-1953 By Allan Sandage (1989, JRASC Vol. 83, No.6) 621. edwin hubble 18891953. By Allan Sandage. (Received September 22, 1989).hubble's role. This year marks the centennial of the birth of edwin hubble. http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/diamond_jubilee/1996/sandage_hubble.html

THE JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA D ASTRONOMIE DU CANADA Vol. 83, No.6 December 1989 Whole No. 621 EDWIN HUBBLE 1889-1953 By Allan Sandage The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution, Pasadena, California, U.S.A. (Received September 22, 1989) Hubble's role. This year marks the centennial of the birth of Edwin Hubble. There can be no doubt that future historians, writing about the scientific advances of this age will describe the 20th century as epoch-changing in giving us the first correct view of how the universe is organized. The principal cosmological problem of discovering the large scale content of the universe was solved observationally between 1920 and 1936. Hubble was a major figure in this development. Knowledge that galaxies mark the space and provide the means to measure it was gained by the first convincing analysis of new data on the nature of the nebulae - knowledge that came directly from the sky rather than by dialectic discussion or revelation. In Hubble's time, the centre of observational work on the new astrophysics, and later on what we know as cosmology, was the Mount Wilson Observatory. The two largest telescopes in the world were there and could be regularly used on these problems. With his appointment to the Mount Wilson staff in 1919, Hubble had continuing access to both the 60-inch and the 100-inch Hooker reflectors.

19. Hubble, Edwin The twenty most influential scientists and thinkers of the 20th century. But all these pale next to the discoveries edwin hubble made in a few remarkable years in the 1920s. http://affiliate.timeincmags.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/hubble.html

Sigmund Freud Leo Baekeland Albert Einstein Alexander Fleming ... Tim Berners-Lee Astronomer Edwin Hubble He saw a vast universe beyond the Milky Way, then found the first hints that it began with a Big Bang BY MICHAEL D. LEMONICK During the past 100 years, astronomers have discovered quasars, pulsars, black holes and planets orbiting distant suns. But all these pale next to the discoveries Edwin Hubble made in a few remarkable years in the 1920s. At the time, most of his colleagues believed the Milky Way galaxy, a swirling collection of stars a few hundred thousand light-years across, made up the entire cosmos. But peering deep into space from the chilly summit of Mount Wilson, in Southern California, Hubble realized that the Milky Way is just one of millions of galaxies that dot an incomparably larger setting. Hubble went on to trump even that achievement by showing that this galaxy-studded cosmos is expandinginflating majestically like an unimaginably gigantic balloona finding that prompted Albert Einstein to acknowledge and retract what he called "the greatest blunder of my life." Hubble did nothing less, in short, than invent the idea of the universe and then provide the first evidence for the Big Bang theory, which describes the birth and evolution of the universe. He discovered the cosmos, and in doing so founded the science of cosmology. Hubble's astronomical triumphs earned him worldwide scientific honors and made him the toast of Hollywood during the 1930s and 1940sthe confidant of Aldous Huxley and a friend to Charlie Chaplin, Helen Hayes and William Randolph Hearst. Yet nobody (except perhaps Hubble) could have imagined such a future when the 23-year-old Oxford graduate began his first job, in New Albany, Ind., in 1913.

20. The Scale Of The Universe Debate: Hubble Memoir edwin POWELL hubble. November 20 On February 26, l924, edwin hubbleand Grace Burke were married in Pasadena, California. Mrs. hubble http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/diamond_jubilee/1996/hubble_nas.html

EDWIN POWELL HUBBLE November 20, l889-September 28,l953 from an article by N.U. Mayall in BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS NAS 41 Courtesy NASA SpaceLink Edwin Hubble, by his inspired use of the largest telescope of his time, the 100 inch reflector on the Mount Wilson Observatory, revolutionized our knowledge of the size, structure, and properties of the universe. Hubble advanced the astronomical horizon on the universe by steps relatively as large in his time as those taken by Galileo in his studies of the solar system, and by the Herschels in their investigations of our own Milky Way stellar system. Edwin Hubble thus became the outstanding leader in the observational approach to cosmology, as contrasted with the previous work that involved much philosophical speculation. Edwin's mother was Virginia Lee James, from Virginia City, Nevada, and his father was John Powell Hubble, from Missouri, where Edwin himself was born in Marshfield on November 20, l889, during a visit of the parents to his grandparents. He liked and read many books, such as novels by Jules Verne and H. Rider Haggard, especially King Solomon's Mines. His father was connected with an insurance company; he had his office in Chicago and settled his family in suburban Wheaton.

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