61. Fermer Translate this page à la musique mais plus tard à l'étude de la médecine, mathématiques, astronomie,chimie et philosophie d'un étudiant de hunayn ibn ishaq qui était bien http://www.ifrance.com/Farabi/razi.html

Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi (864-930 apr. jc) 1-PRESENTATION 2-CONTRIBUTIONS Razi était un Hakim; un alchimiste et un philosophe. Dans la médecine, sa contribution était si considérable pouvant être comparée à celle d'Ibn Sina. Quelques-uns de ses travaux en médecine par exemple "Kitab al-Mansoori", "Al-Havi", "Kitab al-Mulooki" et "Kitab al-Judari wa al-Hasabah" a gagné une célébrité éternelle. "Kitab al-Mansoori" a été traduit dans le latin au l5e siècle APR. J.C., comprend dix volumes sur la médecine Greco-arabe. Quelques-uns de ses volumes ont été publiés en Europe séparément. Son "al-Judari wal Hasabah" était le premier traité sur la variole et la rougeole. Il a été traduit dans plusieurs langues Européennes. À travers ce traité il est devenu le premier tirer des comparaisons claires entre variole et rougeole. "Al-Havi" était la plus grande encyclopédie médicale composée information disponible de sources grec et Arabes sur chaque sujet médical tout en donnant donnant ses propres remarques basé sur son expérience. Un point fort de son système médical était qu'il a préféré le traitement hygienique (mode de vie t nourriture) sur les drogues. Il a rapporté l'influence des facteurs psychologiques sur la santé. Il a aussi essayé en premier lieu des remèdes proposés sur les animaux pour évaluer dans leurs effets indésirables . Il était aussi chirurgien expert et le premier à utiliser l'opium pour anesthésie. Il paraît possible qu'il a développé sa chimie de Jabir Ibn Hayyan. . Il a décrit en détail plusieurs réactions chimiques. Un de ses livres a appelé "Kitab-al-Asrar" qui traite de la préparation de matières chimiques et leur utilisation. Un autre on a été traduit dans le latin sous le nom "Liber Experimentorum", Il a contibué entre autre dans la cimie organique. Comme pharmacien, il était le premier à produire de l'acide sulfurique avec quelques autres acides, et il a aussi préparé l'alcool en fermentant des produits sucrés.

62. Adventures In CyberSound: Euclid ibn Matar, first for the Abbassid caliph Harun arRashid (ruled 786-809) and againfor the caliph al-Ma`Mun (ruled 813-833); by hunayn ibn ishaq (ruled 808-873 http://www.acmi.net.au/AIC/EUCLID_BIO.html

A D V E N T U R E S in C Y B E R S O U N D Euclid (alt: Euklid, Eucleides) : 365 - 300 BC Euclid's The Optics is the earliest surviving work on geometrical optics, and is generally found in Greek manuscripts along with elementary works on spherical astronomy. There were a number of medieval Latin translations, which became of new importance in the fifteenth century for the theory of linear perspective. This technique is beautifully illustrated in the miniature of a street scene in this elegant manuscript from the library of the Duke of Urbino. It may once have been in the possession of Piero della Francesca, who wrote one of the principal treatises on perspective in painting. Source: The Vatican Library Euclid , Greek Eucleides (fl. c. 300 BC, Alexandria), the most prominent mathematician of Greco-Roman antiquity, best known for his treatise on geometry, the Elements Life and work Of Euclid's life it is known only that he taught at and founded a school at Alexandria in the time of Ptolemy I Soter , who reigned from 323 to 285/283 BC. Medieval translators and editors often confused him with the philosopher

63. Outline For Week III mun (r. 813833) founds the House of Wisdom, where translations into Arabic andSyriac were carried on on a large scale; headed by hunayn ibn ishaq (808-873 http://home.wlu.edu/~lubint/msr/week3.htm

Outline for Week III We are considering the legacy of classical learning to worlds shaped by new religious systems: Christianity in the West and East, and Islam. ROMAN AND EARLY MEDIEVAL SCIENCE Popularizers and Encyclopedists The educated Roman senatorial class was interested in Greek learning, but selectively, favoring practical subjects over theoretical ones, such as mathematics and natural philosophy. Literacy becomes widespread, and there is great demand for digests and doxologies of Greek learning. Posidonius (ca. 135-51 bce): Syrian trained in Athens; bec. head of Stoic school at Rhodes; teacher of Cicero; calculated the circum. of earth at 180,000 stades (followed by Ptolemy, and Columbus); wrote commentaries on Aristotle’s Meteorology and Plato’s Timaeus Varro (116-27 bce): his Nine Books of Discipline esta’d the 9 liberal arts (later reduced to 7) Cicero (106-43 bce): translated Plato’s Timaeus ; taught that God = Nature = Fire; Stoics’ theory of successive conflagration and regeneration. Lucretius (d. 55 bce):

64. Interpreting The Self 36 Toward a History of Arabic Autobiography 52 Arabic Autobiography and the LiteraryPortrayal of the Self 72 PART TWO Translations hunayn ibn ishaq (d. 873 or http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/8736.html

Entire Site Books Journals E-Editions The Press Dwight F. Reynolds, editor Interpreting the Self Autobiography in the Arabic Literary Tradition Publication Date: June 2001 Subjects: Middle Eastern Studies Literature in Translation Comparative Literature Middle Eastern History Rights: World 345 pages, 6 x 9 inches Clothbound Available Now Paperback Available Now Read the introduction Description Table of Contents About the Editor ... Free online edition (eScholarship) Downloadable eBook versions available: Adobe eReader at Amazon.com, $12.95 Adobe eReader at BN.com, $12.95 Adobe eReader of Part One at Amazon.com, $9.95 Adobe eReader of Part One at BN.com, $9.95 ... (back to top) Autobiography is a literary genre which Western scholarship has ascribed mostly to Europe and the West. Countering this assessment and presenting many little-known texts, this comprehensive work demonstrates the existence of a flourishing tradition in Arabic autobiography. Interpreting the Self discusses nearly one hundred Arabic autobiographical texts and presents thirteen selections in translation. The authors of these autobiographies represent an astonishing variety of geographical areas, occupations, and religious affiliations. This pioneering study explores the origins, historical development, and distinctive characteristics of autobiography in the Arabic tradition, drawing from texts written between the ninth and nineteenth centuries c.e. This volume consists of two parts: a general study rethinking the place of autobiography in the Arabic tradition, and the translated texts. Part one demonstrates that there are far more Arabic autobiographical texts than previously recognized by modern scholars and shows that these texts represent an established andespecially in the Middle Ageswell-known category of literary production. The thirteen translated texts in part two are drawn from the full one-thousand-year period covered by this survey and represent a variety of styles. Each text is preceded by a brief introduction guiding the reader to specific features in the text and providing general background information about the author. The volume also contains an annotated bibliography of 130 premodern Arabic autobiographical texts.

65. Title Harvey. hunayn ibn ishaq (died 873 AD), was a professional opticianmany years before Anton Van Leeuwenhoek and Galileo. Sholto http://my.cybersoup.com/africanchurch/digest.html

Editor: Bhekizifundiswa Ngidi AFROCENTRIC DIGEST Afrocentric Sites Africa 2000 African By Nature Black Mind U.N.I.A. ... Vusezakithi Blackonomics Abantu Art Family Tree Records Ifama Jackson Izwelethu Tours ... Sweet Unity Farms People Aime Cesaire Carlos Cooks Chancellor Williams Edward W. Blyden ... War Correspondent Health Vitamin Therapy The X Files Religion Afrocentric Fellowship Conscious Rasta Events African Study Groups Email Us Top Story: Volume 1, Number 1 White Supremacy - Michael Moore Central to colonialism and imperialism, has been the myth of white European superiority. Unless the Africans and Asians could be considered as lesser human beings, it was difficult to justify their treatment under colonialism. Full Story Other News: Black Skin - Juliannah Peters A leading independent biologist claims that Black skin could be better at protecting against disease than white skin. Full Story - Junious Ricardo Stanton "The closing of the Egyptian temples by the order of Emperor Justinian in the fifth century A.D. anticipated and symbolized the "2000 seasons" of the attempt to destroy African civilization. In the name of "the only true religion" or "higher civilization" or "progress" century after century has witnessed the dismantling, deforming and defaming of African institutions, a necessary precondition for the more perfect exploitation of African peoples and resources. Full Story Western history of voter rigging - Thami kaPlaatje The elections in Zimbabwe have been followed by unrelenting and sometimes, irrational condemnations on the part of western powers and their apologists. At the root of the noise has been the denouncement of the Zimbabwean elections as having been unfree and unfair. The Zimbabwean Elections have brought to the international or even continental attention the critical issue of the role of election monitors and observers.

66. CommHarab12 Translate this page Ali Ibn Sahl Rabban At-Tabari,. Contemporain du hunayn ibn ishaq. Né d'une famillede savants chrétiens syriaques en 780 ou en 810 au Tabaristan 870. http://www.academiedentaire.org/commharab12.htm

LA MEDECINE ARABE ET L'ART DENTAIRE Pierre Baron ESSOR DE LA MEDECINE ARABE EN ORIENT l'âge d'or abbasside - et après (750 - 1055)) e / Les grands hommes: Ali Ibn Sahl Rabban At-Tabari, Contemporain du Hunayn Ibn Ishaq. Né d'une famille de savants chrétiens syriaques en 780 ou en 810 au Tabaristan 870. Secrétaire du Prince persan Mazyar en révolte contre les khalifes abbassides, il s'enfuit à Rayy. Une fois la rebellion matée et de retour à la cour de Bagdad ou il se convertit à l'islam, et aprés avoir rédigé un traité religieux, il écrit le fameux « Firdaws Al-Hikma » (Le Paradis de la sagesse) en 850. C'est le premier traité en arabe inspiré d'Oribase et Paul d'Egine. Son originalité réside dans l'incorporation de matières orientales et surtout indiennes, auxquelles un chapitre entier est consacré. At Tabari, comme Hunayn Ibn Ishaq (avant ou aprés ?), s'appuie sur la théorie de humeurs de Galien dont le créateur est Empedocle d'Agrigente. At Tabari est le médecin personnel du khalife al Mutawakil (847 -886). Dans ses écrits, il dresse un portrait du médecin idéal en s'inspirant d'Hippocrate: « Il choisira le meilleur et le plus juste. Il ne sera pas intrépide, verbeux, léger, orgueilleux ni dénigrant. Il ne sentira pas mauvais du corps mais ne sera pas précédé par le parfum, ni vulgaire, ni affecté par ses vêtements. il ne sera pas infatué de lui-même en se plaçant au-dessus des autres, il n'aimera pas s'étendre sur les fautes des gens qui exercent son art, mais il couvrira plutôt leurs erreurs.

67. ME Culture One of its most famous scholars was hunayn ibn ishaq, who eventually translated theentire canon of Greek medical works into Arabic, including the Hippocratic http://www.geocities.com/postclassical/ME_Culture.htm

Cultural and Intellectual Developments of the Muslims The Golden Age The foundation of Islamic intellectual development was based on the astonishing achievements of Muslim scholars, scientists, craftsmen, and traders during the two hundred years or so that are called the Golden Age. During this period, from 750 to 950, the territory of the Muslim Empire encompassed present-day Iran, Syria, Iraq, Egypt, Palestine, North Africa, Spain, and parts of Turkey and drew to Baghdad peoples of all those lands in an unparalleled cross-fertilization of once isolated intellectual traditions. The development of Arabic, by the ninth century, into the language of international scholarship was one of the most significant events in the history of ideas. Greek Scientists and Arabic Numerals The Muslims were told by the Prophet to "seek learning as far as China". In the eighth century, however, they decided to access the works of Greek scientists. The early scholars in the Islamic world agreed with Aristotle that mathematics was the basis of all science. The first great advance on the inherited mathematical tradition was the introduction of "Arabic" numerals, which actually originated in India and which simplified calculation of all sorts and made possible the development of algebra.

68. Al Razi Translate this page na música, mais tarde no entanto ele aprendeu a medicina, a matemática, a astronomia,a química ea filosofia de um estudante de hunayn ibn ishaq, que era http://www.islam.org.br/al_razi.htm

Em Nome de Deus, O Clemente, O Misericordioso! Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Zakariya Al Razi Al Razi Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Zakariya Al Razi (864-930) nasceu em Ray, no Irã inicialmente, estava mais interessado na música, mais tarde no entanto ele aprendeu a medicina, a matemática, a astronomia, a química e a filosofia de um estudante de Hunayn Ibn Ishaq, que era bem versado nos ensinamentos dos antigos gregos, persas e hindus, de quem aprendeu tanto a medicina como outros assuntos. Estudou também com Ali Ibn Rabban, a experiência prática que ganhou no hospital bem conhecido de Muqtadari ajudou-lhe em sua profissão escolhida a medicina. Como passar dos conquistou uma certa eminência como um perito na medicina e na alquimia, de modo que os pacientes e os estudantes das partes mais distantes da Ásia, recorriam a ele para estudar e se tratar. Foi o primeiro a ser colocado como encarregado do primeiro hospital real em Ray, de onde ele logo alcançou uma posição similar em Bagda, onde permaneceu como encarregado do famoso Hospital de Muqtadari por um longo tempo. Mudou-se de tempo em tempo para várias cidades, especialmente entre o Ray e a cidade de Bagdá, mas retornou finalmente a Ray, onde morreu em 930, seu nome foi homenageado dando o nome ao instituto de Razi perto de Teerã.

69. Outline - Post-Classical Science - History Of Science Study Guide - Dr Robert A. 3. hunayn ibn ishaq (c. 850) translations of Galen, Ptolemy's astronomy,Euclid's geometry, other technical treatises. C.Mathematics. http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/rhatch/pages/03-Sci-Rev/SCI-REV-Teaching/HIS-SCI-S

POST-CLASSICAL SCIENCE: AN OVERVIEW I. Alexandrian-Hellenistic Science A. The Museum of Alexandria and the institutionalization of knowledge. Center of Classical research which provided the beginnings of institutional science. Emphasis placed on scholarship and textual criticism. Strong neo-platonic bent (that is, more mystical interpretation of Plato) Important scientific thinkers. a. Ptolemy: synthesis of mathematical-observational astronomy. b. Diophantus: development of algebra. c. Galen: medical thought, anatomy, physiology. II. Roman Science A. A rather superfical record-keeping encyclopedic tradition (pliny, Seneca, Boethius, Varro, etc.). B. A dilettantish approach to Greek science among the elite, typified by handbooks dealing only with the product of Greek inquiry; emphasis on rhetoric. C. Lack of origional scientific-philosophic though. D. Some translations to Latin of Greek mathematics and Aristotelian metaphysics (Boethius). E. Emphesis was on technology: aquaducts, water wheel (Vitruvius), military applications, agriculture. F. Apparently no conscious decision to apply scientific thought and knowledge to social problems accompanied this technology.

70. Islamic World Net - Directory ALGHAZALI ABU RAIHAN AL-BIRUNI ABU RAIHAN MUHAMMAD AL-BIRUNI Abu 'Uthman 'Amribn Bahr al-Basri Al-Jahiz Abu Zayd hunayn ibn ishaq al-Ibadi Aids - Related http://islamic-world.net/links/islamic_science_sites.htm

LINKS INDEX Alphabetical Site List One Alphabetical Site List Two Alphabetical Site List Three Arabic Language Sites ... Z A... 'llm al-Akhlaq (Ethics) A Brief Chronology of Muslim History A CHRONOLOGY OF MUSLIM HISTORY - III A New Astronomical Quranic Method ... Averroes As A Physician B... Bio-Bibliographies Islamic Sciencetist Body Hygiene: Excreta and Secretions Brain Death in Islamic Jurisprudence C... Caesarean Birth - an Islamic View Catalogue: Medical Encyclopedias Catalogue: Medical Poetry Catalogue: Medical Therapeutics ... Cosmetics in Ancient Egypt D... Darwin's Theory of Evolution Disproved Dates rich in proteins, vitamins Death and bereavement: an exploration and a meditation Discourse that what is Connected with the substance of the Soul is the Heart through which the Soul is Connected with the rest of the Body ... Dying and Death: Islamic View E... Eclipse El Zahrawi (Albucasis) Embryonic Stem Cell Research Environmental Health An Islamic Perspective ... Euthanasia and Physician - Assisted Suicide F... Fasting Fasting does not increase acidity Fitrah (Natural State of Purity) G... Gary Miller Genetics, Genetic Engineering, the Human Genes, and Genetic Treatment -An Islamic Perspective

71. Introduction To Islam Many of the accomplished translators were Christian Arabs such as hunayn ibn ishaq,who was also an outstanding physician, and others Persians such as Ibn http://www.iad.org/Islam/know.html

ISLAM AND KNOWLEDGE "He has taught you that which [heretofore] you knew not" (Qur'an: Translation of the meaning, 2:239) Islam is a religion based upon knowledge, for it is ultimately knowledge of the Oneness of God, combined with faith and total commitment to Him, that saves man. The text of the Qur¹an is replete with verses inviting man to use his intellect, to ponder, to think and to know, for the goal of human life is to discover the Truth, which is none other than worshipping God in His Oneness. The Hadith literature is also full of references to the importance of knowledge. Such sayings of the Prophet as "Seek knowledge even in China", "Seek knowledge from the cradle to the grave," and, ³Verily the men of knowledge are the inheritors of the prophets," have echoed throughout the history of Islam and inspired Muslims to seek knowledge wherever it might be found. During most of its history, Islamic civilization has been witness to a veritable celebration of knowledge. That is why every traditional Islamic city possessed public and private libraries and some cities like Cordoba and Baghdad boasted of libraries, with over 400,000 books. Such cities also had bookstores, some of which sold large numbers of titles. That is also why the scholar has always been held in the highest esteem in Islamic society. As Islam spread northward into Syria, Egypt, and the Persian empire, it came face to face with the sciences of antiquity whose heritage had been preserved in centers which now became a part of the Islamic world. Alexandria had been a major center of sciences and learning for centuries. The Greek learning cultivated in Alexandria was opposed by the Byzantines who had burned its library long before the advent of Islam. The tradition of Alexandrian learning did not die, however. It was transferred to Antioch and from there farther east to such cities as Edessa by eastern Christians who stood in sharp opposition to Byzantium and wished to have their own independent centers of learning.

72. Midterm Exam Study Questions Be prepared to give illustrations of your argument with reference to the followingArab medical writers hunayn ibn ishaq (Johannitius), alRazi (Rhazes), Ibn http://www.nmsu.edu/~honors/304_midqu.html

History 304 Midterm Exam Study Questions The midterm exam will consist of 3 parts for a total of 100 points: Identifications (5) 25 points Descriptive essay that may be from the readings, class discussions and/or sourcebook. 25 points. Interpretive essay requiring integration of factual information with interpretation and the development of a thesis or argument. 50 points The following questions are intended to help guide your study for the midterm. The midterm exam question will not be one of the study questions exactly as worded, but may be a variant of one or a combination of more than one. If you study for these questions you will be prepared for the midterm. (1) Explain the Hippocratic conception of health and disease. What changes did Galen make to the Hippocratic medicine and what was the significance of these changes? (2) Be able to identify and explain the historical significance of these important ancient Greek and Roman medical personalities: Hippocrates, Galen, Celsus, Dioscorides. (3) What was the significance of Hippocrates's analysis of the so-called "sacred disease"? Be prepared to give a detailed analysis of Hippocrates's treatise

73. Untitled Document twelfth and thirteenth centuries 6. Hoyland, Robert G., Theomnestus of Magnesia,hunayn ibn ishaq, and the beginnings of Islamic veterinary science 7. Jamil http://www.arisandphillips.com/IslamicReflections.html

ISLAMIC REFLECTIONS, ARABIC MUSINGS Studies in Honour of Professor Alan Jones This book celebrates the career of the distinguished Arabist, Professor Alan Jones and comprises a wide range of articls from leading experts in the field of Arabic and Islamic studies. Subjects explored include: pre-Islamic Arabic poetry, Muslim Arabic documents and inscriptions, Greek and Islamic science and Islamic literature and thought. Dr Robert G. Hoyland , Leverhulme Research Fellow and Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford; author of Seeing Islam as Others Saw It and Arabia and the Arabs Dr Philip F. Kennedy Associate Professor New York University; author of The Wine Song in Classical Arabic Poetry (publication 2002) CONTENTS 1. Auchterlonie, Paul, "Historians and the Arabic biographical dictionary: some new approaches" 2. Bleaney, Heather, "The Mu'allaqat in the West: a brief bibliographical survey 3. Bray, Julia, "Verbs and voices" 4. Dutton, Yasin, "The Qur'an as a source of law: the case of zakat (alms-tax)" 5. Hillenbrand, Carole, "Some reflections on the use of the Qur'an in monumental inscriptions in Syria and Palestine in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries"

74. Banu_Musa Translate this page Après hunayn ibn ishaq et Thabit ibn Qurra ont travaillé aussi dansla Maison de la Sagesse avec les frères Bani Moussa. Muhammad http://membres.tripod.fr/alkashi/Banimoussa.htm

Les frères Bani Moussa Il y avait trois frères Jafar Muhammad ibn Musa ibn Shakir Ahmad ibn Musa ibn Shakir et Al-Hasan ibn Musa ibn Shakir . Ils sont presque indiscernables mais on sait que bien qu'ils ont travaillé souvent ensemble, ils avaient leurs propres champs de compétences. Jafar Muhammad a travaillé principalement sur la géométrie et l'astronomie en ce temps Ahmad a travaillé principalement sur la mécanique et Al-Hasan a travaillé principalement sur la géométrie. Il est tout à fait impossible d’écrire des biographies séparées des trois frères, qui sont habituellement connus sous les frères Bani Moussa Jafar Muhammad Banu Musa né en 800 mort en 873 à Bagdad ) est le frère aîné. Il paraît certainement que parmi ces trois frères, il était le meilleur mathématicien. Il était peut-être derrière la majeure contribution au texte de la géométrie décrite au-dessus , Jafar Muhammad a aussi écrit des hypothèses du livre de coniques qui était une révision de la critique des Coniques d' Apollonius . Cependant

75. A Farmácia E A História - Mundo árabe Translate this page de Abu Zakariya Yuhanna ibn Masawayh (777-857), conhecido na Europa por Mesué ovelho João Damasceno e do seu discípulo Abu Zayd hunayn ibn ishaq al-Ibadi http://www.terravista.pt/Guincho/1040/cursohsf05.html

Do Islão ao Renascimento: O mundo árabe e o ocidente cristão O final do mundo antigo. Transformações operadas no Império Romano. Ao reinado de Augusto, imperador absoluto de 31 a.C. até 14 d.C., seguiram-se quatro dinastias governando a Pax Romana Medicina bizantina. O Império romano do Oriente manteve a língua e a cultura grega como dominantes. Os locais onde se cultivava a ciência e a cultura médicas eram Alexandria, Atenas, assim como Constantinopla e várias localidades da Ásia Menor. Entre os médicos bizantinos destacaram-se vários autores de obras médicas de carácter enciclopédico, como Oribásio ( ca . 325-403) de Pérgamo, Aecio de Amida (fl. 520-560) e Paulo de Egina ( ca . 625-690) que exerceu em Alexandria e aí continuou depois da sua conquista pelos árabes em 640. O sétimo livro da sua Epitome medicae trata dos medicamentos simples e compostos e baseou-se em Dioscórides. As heresias do Século V. O Islão e a herança greco-romana. A ascensão do Islão. Os árabes iniciaram a sua expansão em 634, depois da conversão de toda a Arábia à fé islâmica revelada por Maomé (570-632). Derrotaram os persas e os bizantinos e conquistaram rapidamente a Síria, a Palestina, a Mesopotâmia, o Egipto, Tunis e a Península Ibérica (711). Na Europa, só foram detidos em Poitiers em 732, mas chegaram até à Índia em 1001. Os povos conquistados, nomeadamente os monofisitas, os nestorianos e os persas adeptos de Zoroastro, foram integrados no império, mantendo alguns direitos quanto á manutenção das suas culturas e religiões. O grego só foi proibido por volta de 700. O árabe tornou-se a língua oficial comum a todo o império islâmico, incluindo a literatura filosófica e científica, principalmente desde o período dos Abássidas, com a transferência da capital de Damasco, na Síria, para Bagdade, na Mesopotâmia (750).

76. Beth Mardutho Meltho Fonts The most celebrated translator of the period is hunayn ibn ishaq (d.873 or 877), the son of a druggist. In addition to translating http://www.bethmardutho.org/AboutSyriac/civilization.html

77. Personalities In Islam Specifically Muhammad Ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi A certain hunayn ibn ishaq, a Christian, was in charge of translations from theGreek, Aristotle and Plato among the philosophers, Hypocrites and more http://www.islamic-paths.org/Home/English/History/Personalities/Content/Khwarizm

User Name Enter Password Help Tech Support Password Reminde r Refresh / Home please sign our Guest Book Discussion Forums Search this page for any word - e.g. Muslim, women, etc. Pearls from the Prophet Personalities in Islam Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi We have explained things in various ways in the Qur’an in order that they may receive admonition, but it only increases their flight (from the Truth) (Qur’an 17:41) Khalif al-Ma’mun’s period of rule (813-833) may be considered the ‘golden age’ of science and learning. He had always been devoted to books and to learned pursuits. His brilliant mind was interested in every form of intellectual activity. Not only poetry, but also philosophy, theology, astronomy, medicine and law, all occupied his time. (Sir John Glubb) In Baghdad al-Ma’mun opened an institution which he called the “House of Wisdom” or “Da’rul Hikma” the principal object of which was the translation of foreign books. Abu’l-Faraj, the famous writer of Kitab al-Aghani, wrote that Khalif al-Ma’mun was deeply convinced that, those who were given to reasoning and were followers of free conscience were the close servants of Allah and were very dear to their Lord. Al-Ma’mun also believed that “all intellectuals in learning were the torch-bearers and educators of men in this world.” And that is why he invited the famed physicians, scientists, mathematicians, astrologers, historians, poets, lawyers, muhaddiths and mufassirs from all over the world and offered them all facilities and state patronage to encourage them to devote themselves to the pursuit of learning and original thinking. al-Ma’mun succeeded, through their efforts, in translating most of the original works of Hebrew and Greek languages into Arabic.

78. L'oeil : Une Caméra Haute Définition. Translate this page et, parmi eux, des traités sur la physiologie de la vision et ses applicationsmédicales un des plus célèbres savants arabes, hunayn ibn ishaq (808-873 http://wwwusers.imaginet.fr/~pol/1OEIL.html

L'OEIL : UNE CAMERA HAUTE DEFINITION fonctionnement du cerveau EXPERIENCE EXPLORONS LA GEOGRAPHIE DE LA RETINE Un carton blanc de 8 cm x 8cm sur lequel on collera la figure ci-dessous. Explication Amusez-vous bien ! TOUS DROITS RESERVES pol@imaginet.fr

79. Bryn Mawr Classical Review 95.08.06 of Naples, Leo, the Nativitas et Victoria Alexandri Magni; a nexus of Latin, Spanish,and Hebrew works connected to the Arabic texts of hunayn ibn ishaq (9th c http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/1995/95.08.06.html

Bryn Mawr Classical Review 95.08.06 Richard Stoneman, Legends of Alexander the Great. London and Rutland, Vermont: J. M. Dent and Charles E. Tuttle, 1994. Pp. 112. $8.50. ISBN 0-460-87514-0. Reviewed by Thomas M. Banchich, Canisius College (banchict@ccmac.canisius.edu). Daphne into Laurel: English Translations of Classical Poetry From Chaucer to the Present (London: Duckworth, 1982), his first book, or through his 1991 Penguin, The Greek Alexander Romance ; some, too, will have noted his recent articles on Alexander and the East ; and finally, a few, better acquainted, will have heard him mention, or have even met, his son, Alexander. Neatly within parameters suggested by the above an interest in books; in the relationship between classical and English literature; in the Alexander Romance, particularly its portrayal of the inhabitants of the East; and in Alexander[s] falls Legends of Alexander the Great. A paperback, handsomely produced and carefully edited in the tradition of the Everyman Library of which it is a part, Legends of Alexander contains a selection of fourteen texts illustrative of the medieval view of Alexander in general and, in particular, of Medieval England's reception and adaptation of the Alexander tradition. Of these fourteen, Stoneman emphasizes six: (i)

80. Cronologia Cap. 5 E 6 - Do Mundo árabe Ao Ocidente Cristão Translate this page c. 866. Morte de Al-Kindi, 873. Morte de hunayn ibn ishaq, lat. Johannitius,925. Morte de Razés, 1001. Árabes chegam à Índia. c. 1013. http://www.ff.ul.pt/~jpsdias/histfarm/cursohsf_cronologia03.html

Cronologia respeitante aos Capítulos V e VI Do mundo árabe ao Ocidente cristão Medicina e Ciência Geral 14 d.C. Morte do imperador Augusto Início do Baixo Império pagão (235-305) Martírio dos santos Cosme e Damião Início do reinado de Constantino e do Baixo Império cristão (306-476) Édito de Milão Fundada a cidade de Constantinopla Morte de Teodósio, partilha do Império Morte de Oribásio Concílio de Efeso, Nestorius condenado como herege Encerrada a Escola de Edessa Encerrada a Escola de Atenas Fundação do Mosteiro de Monte Cassino Fundado o mosteiro de Vivarium Aecio de Amida Morte de Justiniano Morte de Cassiodoro Senator Morte de Maomé Início da expansão islâmica Morte de Isidoro de Sevilha Conquista de Alexandria pelos árabes Morte de Paulo de Egina Proíbida a língua grega no Império Islâmico Conquista da Península Ibérica Batalha de Poitiers Capital do império árabe transferida de Damasco para Bagdade al-Mansur curadao pelo médico Girgis ibn Gibril do hospital nestoriano de Gundishapur Morte de Geber, Jabir ibn Hayyan Bispo Teodulfo de Orleans proclama a Medicina como a oitava arte liberal Morte de Mesué o velho, João Damasceno, Abu Zakariya Yuhanna ibn Masawayh

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