81. Www.infomotions.com/serials/bmmr/bmmr-9507-banchich-legends.txt Leo, the i Nativitas et Victoria Alexandri Magni /i ; a nexus of Latin, Spanish,and Hebrew works connected to the Arabic texts of hunayn ibn ishaq (9th c http://www.infomotions.com/serials/bmmr/bmmr-9507-banchich-legends.txt

Banchich, 'Legends of Alexander the Great', Bryn Mawr Medieval Review 9507 URL = http://hegel.lib.ncsu.edu/stacks/serials/bmmr/bmmr-9507-banchich-legends 95.8.1, Stoneman, Legends of Alexander Richard Stoneman, Legends of Alexander the Great Daphne into Laurel: English Translations of Classical Poetry From Chaucer to the Present (London: Duckworth, 1982), his first book, or through his 1991 Penguin, The Greek Alexander Romance ; some, too, will have noted his recent articles on Alexander and the East;[[1]] and finally, a few, better acquainted, will have heard him mention, or have even met, his son, Alexander. Neatly within parameters suggested by the abovean interest in books; in the relationship between classical and English literature; in the Alexander Romance, particularly its portrayal of the inhabitants of the East; and in Alexander[s]falls Legends of Alexander the Great . A paperback, handsomely produced and carefully edited in the tradition of the Everyman Library of which it is a part, Legends of Alexander contains a selection of fourteen texts illustrative of the medieval view of Alexander in general and, in particular, of Medieval England's reception and adaptation of the Alexander tradition. Of these fourteen, Stoneman emphasizes six: (i)

82. Salaam Knowledge Humayun Rasheed Choudhury, 1928 2001, Diplomat. Humayun was the Speaker of Bang hunayn ibn ishaq, 808 - 873, Known in the west as Johan-nistus. Hunayn http://www.salaam.co.uk/knowledge/biography/bio_letter.php?letter=h

83. Terms, Dates, Events 4 Jundeshapur. Caliph alMa'mun. House of Wisdom. hunayn ibn ishaq (d.874).Galen / Jalinus. Hippocrates / Buqrat. Euclid / Uklidis. Ptolemy / Batlamius. http://icg.harvard.edu/~hsa40/handouts/Terms4.html

Terms, Dates, Events 4 *Chingis Khan (elected khan in 1206) Karakhitay (Prester John?) 1227: Death of Chingis *yasa China; The Golden Horde; Chagatayids; Ilkhanids of Persia China ruled by Kublai Khan from 1260 to 1294 *1258: Sack of Baghdad *1260: Battle between Mongols and Mamluks *Mamluks (slave soldiers; replace the Ayyubids in 1250) *Mamluk state (based in Cairo, 1250-1517) *waqf *madrasa *ulama Nizamiyah (1067) Jundeshapur Caliph al-Ma'mun House of Wisdom Hunayn ibn Ishaq (d.874) Galen / Jalinus Hippocrates / Buqrat Euclid / Uklidis Ptolemy / Batlamius Aristotle / Aristo Plato / Ephlatoon Dioscorides *Avicenna (Ibn Sina) Averroes (Ibn Rushd) *Idrisi Roger II (Sicily) "Kitab Rujari" ("Book of Roger," written by Idrisi) Alfonso the Wise Maragha (one of the capitals of the Ilkhanids; site of an observatory, 1259)

84. Hunayn Ibn-Ishaq Perhaps starting with hunayn ibnishaq sets the stage for my objectives. The Life of hunayn ibn-ishaq (809-877 AD) http://www.nineveh.com/Hunayn%20ibn-Ishaq.html

Nineveh On Line Education Network Hunayn ibn-Ishaq: A Forgotten Legend SAMIR JOHNA, M.D., F.A.C.S. From the Department of Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California IT DOES NOT MATTER whether we like the history of science or not. If we were to understand the continuity of medical science progress we must study the science of the ancient times, the Middle Ages, and the Renaissance because they are not exclusive but rather overlapping. The Greek miracle of marvelous arts, science and culture over two centuries before the Christian era came very close to perishing if it were not for its transmission through the dark ages. Perhaps it is best stated by Sarton'. "Transmission is as important as discovery." If all of the ancient science had been hidden instead of published or had been lost in transmission it would be almost as if it had never been. With the revolution in communications today the transmission of science is almost automatic and instantaneous providing an easy access for the exchange of expertise. This was not the case in earlier ages. Scientists faced enormous economic, logistic, and political difficulties that made the exchange of expertise very slow and limited. Most of the discoveries had to migrate from one continent to another or had to be translated from a language to another before they became integrated in our intellectual patrimony.

85. Hunayn Ibn-Ishaq: A Forgotten Legend Perhaps starting with hunayn ibnishaq sets the stage for my objectives. The Life of hunayn ibn-ishaq (809-877 AD) http://www.assyrianms.com/Hunaynibnishaq.html

Hunayn ibn-Ishaq: A Forgotten Legend SAMIR JOHNA, M.D., F.A.C.S. From the Department of Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California IT DOES NOT MATTER whether we like the history of science or not. If we were to understand the continuity of medical science progress we must study the science of the ancient times, the Middle Ages, and the Renaissance because they are not exclusive but rather overlapping. The Greek miracle of marvelous arts, science and culture over two centuries before the Christian era came very close to perishing if it were not for its transmission through the dark ages. Perhaps it is best stated by Sarton'. "Transmission is as important as discovery." If all of the ancient science had been hidden instead of published or had been lost in transmission it would be almost as if it had never been.z With the revolution in communications today the transmission of science is almost automatic and instantaneous providing an easy access for the exchange of expertise. This was not the case in earlier ages. Scientists faced enormous economic, logistic, and political difficulties that made the exchange of expertise very slow and limited. Most of the discoveries had to migrate from one continent to another or had to be translated from a language to another before they became integrated in our intellectual patrimony. Thanks to the Nestorian (Christian) schools and scholars in Mesopotamia (Edessa and Gondi-Shapor) the translations took place from Greek into Syriac or Aramaic and from the Syriac into Arabic during the third to seventh centuries of the Christian era.

86. Hunayn Ibn-Ishaq hunayn ibnishaq A Forgotten Legend SAMIR JOHNA, MD, FACS. Perhapsstarting with hunayn ibn-ishaq sets the stage for my objectives. http://www.nineveh.com/Hunayn ibn-Ishaq.html

Nineveh On Line Education Network Hunayn ibn-Ishaq: A Forgotten Legend SAMIR JOHNA, M.D., F.A.C.S. From the Department of Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California IT DOES NOT MATTER whether we like the history of science or not. If we were to understand the continuity of medical science progress we must study the science of the ancient times, the Middle Ages, and the Renaissance because they are not exclusive but rather overlapping. The Greek miracle of marvelous arts, science and culture over two centuries before the Christian era came very close to perishing if it were not for its transmission through the dark ages. Perhaps it is best stated by Sarton'. "Transmission is as important as discovery." If all of the ancient science had been hidden instead of published or had been lost in transmission it would be almost as if it had never been. With the revolution in communications today the transmission of science is almost automatic and instantaneous providing an easy access for the exchange of expertise. This was not the case in earlier ages. Scientists faced enormous economic, logistic, and political difficulties that made the exchange of expertise very slow and limited. Most of the discoveries had to migrate from one continent to another or had to be translated from a language to another before they became integrated in our intellectual patrimony.

87. Nineveh, Assyria hunayn ibnishaq A Forgotten Legend SAMIR JOHNA, MD, FACS The Assyrian conceptof God Ruins of an ancient trading center soon to be under water By Peter N http://www.nineveh.com/

Encyclopedia Britannica rated Nineveh On Line with 5 stars Services Log in for Nineveh Staff Education KBSV TV ... 1900-1999 A.D. Assyrian History Archives NEWS Journal Of Assyrian Academic Studies On Line TOPICS Assyrian Anthem Assyrian Dictionary Assyrians in History Book review ... The Sacred Tree On Line edition of the Peshitta New Testament in Aramaic/English Interlinear format SPORT Assyrian Sports MUSIC Midi Composer's Exchange Poems I Hear Them By: Ashoor Namrood The Corner of My Room By Ninos Warda Find Books on Assyrian at... Find Websites Yahoo! Alta Vista HotBot Infoseek ... Nineveh On Line Winner of Golden Web Award Find Books on Nineveh at... Find Websites Yahoo! Alta Vista HotBot Infoseek ... Prof. Gabriele Yonan Assyrian Issues Bay Area, California Assyrians held a Demonstration to call for true Democracy, Freedom, Equal Rights, and Fair Assyrian Representation in future liberated IRAQ Iraq’s Embattled Christians Expulsions of Kirkuk Region Minorities Continue ... culture alive Iraqi exiles to help liberate homeland Christine Keith/The Arizona Republic Culture Survival Magazine Interview with Dr. Ron Michael

88. Hunayn Ibn-Ishaq: A Forgotten Legend hunayn ibnishaq A Forgotten Legend SAMIR JOHNA, MD, FACS. From the Department objectives.The Life of hunayn ibn-ishaq (809-877 AD). Born to http://assyrianms.com/Hunaynibnishaq.html

Hunayn ibn-Ishaq: A Forgotten Legend SAMIR JOHNA, M.D., F.A.C.S. From the Department of Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California IT DOES NOT MATTER whether we like the history of science or not. If we were to understand the continuity of medical science progress we must study the science of the ancient times, the Middle Ages, and the Renaissance because they are not exclusive but rather overlapping. The Greek miracle of marvelous arts, science and culture over two centuries before the Christian era came very close to perishing if it were not for its transmission through the dark ages. Perhaps it is best stated by Sarton'. "Transmission is as important as discovery." If all of the ancient science had been hidden instead of published or had been lost in transmission it would be almost as if it had never been.z With the revolution in communications today the transmission of science is almost automatic and instantaneous providing an easy access for the exchange of expertise. This was not the case in earlier ages. Scientists faced enormous economic, logistic, and political difficulties that made the exchange of expertise very slow and limited. Most of the discoveries had to migrate from one continent to another or had to be translated from a language to another before they became integrated in our intellectual patrimony. Thanks to the Nestorian (Christian) schools and scholars in Mesopotamia (Edessa and Gondi-Shapor) the translations took place from Greek into Syriac or Aramaic and from the Syriac into Arabic during the third to seventh centuries of the Christian era.

89. Assyrian Medical Society 2, 2002/6752. Publication in English Language. hunayn ibnishaq A Forgotten Legend(HTML Format) By Samir Johna, MD. THE AMERICAN SURGEON May 2002 Vol. 68 NO. http://assyrianms.com/lituarturepage.htm

Publication in Syriac Language Computers and their use in Medical Practice and Research (PDF Format) By Samir Johna, MD, Darshan Shah, MD and Alan Lefor, MD Published by JASS 2000, 12:2: 18-25 Anthrax (PDF Format) By Samir Johna, MD. Surveillance for Breast Cancer (PDF Format) By Samir Johna, MD. Gallbladder Disease (PDF Format) By Samir Johna, MD. Prevention of Breast Cancer (PDF Format) By Samir Johna, MD. Minimally Invasive Surgery (PDF Format) By Samir Johna, MD. Prevention Of Prostatic Cancer (PDF Format) By Samir Johna, MD. Assyrian Star Vol. LIV, No. 1, 2002 Surveillance for Prostatic Cancer (PDF Format) By Samir Johna, MD. THE ASSYRIAN STAR Vol. LIV, No. 2, 2002/6752 Publication in English Language Hunayn ibn-Ishaq: A Forgotten Legend (HTML Format) By Samir Johna, MD. THE AMERICAN SURGEON May 2002 Vol. 68 NO. 5 497-499 Beware, The Dreaded Travelers’ Diarrhea (HTML Format) By Philip Hardo, MD

90. Biography-center - Letter I Mathematicians/AlBanna.html; ibn ishaq hunayn, www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/hunayn.html;ibn Sina, www-history http://www.biography-center.com/i.html

Visit a random biography ! Any language Arabic Bulgarian Catalan Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Traditional) Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hebrew Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Italian Japanese Korean Latvian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian Slovak Slovenian Spanish Swedish Turkish I 51 biographies ibn al-Banna, www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Al-Banna.html ibn Ishaq Hunayn, www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Hunayn.html ibn Sina, www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Avicenna.html ibn Tahir, www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Al-Baghdadi.html ibn Tibbon, Jacob www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Tibbon.html ibn Yusuf Ahmed, www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Ahmed.html Ibrahim, ibn Sinan www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Ibrahim.html Ibrahim, Murad Jussuf Bey www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1518.html Ibsen, Henrik www.kirjasto.sci.fi/ibsen.htm Ickx, Jacky www.grandprix.com/gpe/drv-ickjac.html Iglesia, Pablo

91. Hunein Ibn Ishak Hunein ibn Ishak (809 - 873 or 877) By Fred Aprim It is written that it would bea rearity to find any Arabic hunayn bin (son of) ishaq's (Iskhaq in Syriac http://www.nestorian.org/hunein_ibn_ishak.html

Hunein Ibn Ishak - (809 - 873 or 877) By Fred Aprim It is written that it would be a rearity to find any Arabic translation of the most popular Greek medicine and philosophy publications without discovering that Syriac was the mean through which the translation took place. Most of the Greek work was translated to Syriac first and then from Syriac into Arabic language. Hunayn bin (son of) Ishaq's (Iskhaq in Syriac / Isaac in English) outline of life and work are well known from his autobiography written in the form of letters to 'Ali bin Yahya. (Text from two manuscripts in the Aya Sofia Mosque at Istanbul, with translation by G. Bergestrasser, Leipzig, 1925) He was a native of Hira, near Baghdad, and the son of a Nestorian druggist (Pharmacist). He is endorsed by his name 'Abadi, which shows that he belonged to the subject people of Hira. Hunayn followed in the footsteps of other Nestorian physicians like Jirgis (Giwargis) bin Bakhtishu (ca. 771) the dean of the Jundi-Shapur hospital (south-western Persia). Jundi-Shapur was noted for its academy of Medicine and Philosophy founded about AD 555. Nothing is known though of the Bakhtishu who was the father of this Jirjis, but the name occurs several times in the course of the history of Baghdad. In AD 765 the Caliph Al-Mansur, afflicted with a stomach disease which had baffled his physicians, summoned for Bakhtishu, who soon won the confidence of the caliph and became the court physician, though he retained his Nestorianism. Invited by the caliph to embrace Islam his retort was that he preferred the company of his fathers, be they in heaven or in hell. Bakhtishu became in Baghdad the founder of a brilliant family which for (6) or (7) generations, covering a period of (2 1/2) centuries, exercised an almost continuous monopoly over the court medical practice. Jibril (Gabriel) bin Bakhtishu, in AD 801 became chief physician of the Baghdad hospital under the Caliph Al-Rashid and in AD 805 the caliph's private physician until his death in AD 829. The Bakhtishu family played an important part in the cultural education of the Arabs.

92. Www.geocities.com/woogeroo/files/kerbouchard-books.txt of the earth alMamun - in 829, figured the diameter of the earth to be 7,850 milestranslations of Hippocrates Galen by hunayn ibn-ishaq (translations to http://www.geocities.com/woogeroo/files/kerbouchard-books.txt

In the book by Louis L'Amour "The Walking Drum", the hero Kerbouchard reads many books, and below is the listing of those he read. Along the way he mentions certain people, that may have material available about them. The author also mentions two other books in an Author's Note. Vegetius On the Tactics of the Roman Legion Illustrious Lives, by Plutarch Chronology of ancient Nations, by al-Biruni Almagest of Ptolemy / Ptolemy's Almagest (available on bn.com) - One of the most influential scientificc works in history and the basic textbook of astronomy for over 1,000 years. writings of al-Farabi on Aristotle Averroes - qadi of Cordoba / given name: ibn-Rushd Maimonides - Jewish Scholar also of Cordoba Pericles of Athens Canon of Avicenna - more than a million words on the practice of medicine <- writer ? Rhazes <- writer Alhazen <- writer ? al-biruni

93. International Society For The History Of Islamic Medicine: About Us About ibn alBaitar - Muslim Scholars Page (mirrored). Brief Note on Hunaynibn ishaq al'Ibadi. The Impact of Muslim Science Adelard of Bath; c. 1137. http://www.ishim.net/links.htm

Islamic Medicine Online ( Dr.Sharif Kaf Al-Ghazal) About Ibn Sina (Avicenna) , doctor of doctors [ M Ahmed About Islamic Contributions to Science A. Ahmad About Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi , and his tutor Ali Ibn Rabban al-Tabari About Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Albucasis) , father of surgery [ M Ahmed On How Islam Influenced Science in the Middle Ages M. Aftab ] - The Islamic Herald About Ibn al-Baitar - Muslim Scholars Page (mirrored) Brief Note on Hunayn ibn Ishaq al'Ibadi The Impact of Muslim Science Adelard of Bath ; c. 1137] Perfumery in Traditional Islamic Medicine - Talisman Perfume Essences Islamic Culture and Medical Art National Library of Medicine - USA): Important Notes about Viewing the Online Exhibition (Image Quality, Diacriticals) Islamic Medicine (History and current practice) by : Prof.H.Nagamia. Islamic culture and the medical arts Islamic Medicine (and physicians contributed to it) The Arab Roots of European Medicine by David W. Tschanz

94. Islamset-Ibn Al Nafis - Contributions Of Islamic Medicine To Anatomical Sciences Eminent physicians like Rhazes, Avicenna and Haly Abbas were Persians, hunayn IbnIshaq, a translator par excellence was a Christian, and Maimonides, another http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/karim.html

Home Muslim Scientists Ibn Al Nafis CONTRIBUTIONS OF ISLAMIC MEDICINE TO ANATOMICAL SCIENCES Prof. M. A. Karim Malaysia To replace the Islamic medicine in its proper perspective, it is imperative to look into some aspects of its emergence and survival. First, the era of pre-Islamic medicine in which it emerged and secondly, the modern era of Western medicine in which it is being revived. 1. THE ERA OF PRE-ISLAMIC MEDICINE 2. THE ERA OF MODERN WESTERN MEDICINE CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANATOMICAL SCIENCES Looking back on the sketchy history of the Islamic medicine, one comes across two main categories of contribution of its scholars to anatomical sciences; one, through translations and the other, through their original work. At this point in time, the Greek philosophy of humours had taken deep roots, Galen's knowledge of human anatomy based on his observations of a few dissection of animals was beyond any doubt and discussion, and above all, dissection of the human cadavers was not permitted as it was considered unclean and sinful. Although Arab poetry in the pre-Islamic era occasionally depicted heart, lungs, liver, spleen and kidneys as important parts of the human anatomy, but they had very little, rather peculiar ideas as to their shapes and functions. They thought anger was located in the liver, courage and passion in the heart, fear in the lungs laughter in the spleen and greed was lodged in the kidneys. In short, the anatomical knowledge of the pre-Islamic Arabs was more poetic than factual and scientific.

95. Middle Eastern Texts Initiative (METI) ARABIC. Theodore Ab Qurrah Ammar alBasri Abu Raitah Yahya ibn 'Adi hunayn ibnIshaq Severus ibn al-Muqaffa Bulus al-Bushi Elias of Nisibis ibn at-Tayyib. http://meti.byu.edu/ect_lce_scope.html

Scope ARABIC Theodore Ab Qurrah Ammar al-Basri Abu Raitah Yahya Ibn 'Adi Hunayn ibn Ishaq Severus ibn al-Muqaffa Bulus al-Bushi Elias of Nisibis Ibn at-Tayyib ARMENIAN Nerses Shnorhali Nerses Lambronac'i Grigor Narekac'i Eznik of Kolb Lives of the Armenian Saints Armenian Christological Writings Early Armenian Writers COPTIC Shenouti Besa Lives of the Egyptian Saints Early Coptic Writers Coptic Poetry of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries. ETHIOPIC Lives of the Ethiopian Saints Sacred Poetry of Medieval Ethiopia GEORGIAN Lives of the Georgian Saints Early Georgian Religious Poetry SYRIAC Ephrem the Syrian Aphrahat the Persian Sage Liber Graduum Jacob of Serugh Narsai Daniel of Salah Isaac the Syrian Jacob of Edessa Sahdona Joseph Hazzaya Shem'on the Graceful Gregory of Cyprus Isaac of Antioch John the Solitary John Dalyatha Babai the Great Philoxenus Bar Ebroyo Early Syriac Poetry (Cyrillona, Balai, Odes of Solomon, Simeon the Potter) Lives of the Syrian Saints Early Syrian Sources Early Christian Writings from China and Central Asia

96. Judaica The Aphorisms, translated in 1283 from the Arabic Kitab alFusul by the famous HunaynIbn ishaq (d. 873), circulated widely in Hebrew under the title Pirqei http://bc.leidenuniv.nl/tentoonstelling/Judaica/object4.htm

Tentoonstellingen Judaica in Leiden An exhibition in Leiden University Library at the occasion of the Congress of European Association of Jewish Studies, Amsterdam 21-25 juli 2002. Inhoud Introduction I. BIBLE AND BIBLE COMMENTARIES II. RABBINIC LITERATURE III. LITURGY IV. SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY V. KARAITICA VI. VII. CHRISTIANITY AND HEBRAISM IV. SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY Pirqei Abuqrat Nathan ha-Me’ati (13 th century). Manuscript on parchment, mid-14 th century, Southern Europe. Sefardi semi-cursive script. Or. 4719, ff. 134v-135r ¶ Medical codex containing no less than twenty different texts, all translations of medical scientific works in Arabic by Greek, Muslim and Jewish scholars. From the 12 th century onward, Hebrew translations of Arabic versions of classical works and their commentaries were made. The names of the Ibn Tibbon family, as well as the Kalonymus family, whose work is also included in this codex, are well-known. The lesser known Nathan ha-Me’ati produced several translations of Arabic versions of works by Hippocrates. The Aphorisms , translated in 1283 from the Arabic Kitab al-Fusul by the famous Hunayn Ibn Ishaq (d. 873), circulated widely in Hebrew under the title

97. Times Online Even here, however, the “Sheikh of Translators”, as he was called, was Hunaynibnishaq (809-873), yet another Nestorian Christian from al-Hirah, who spoke http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,7-575426,00.html

NI_AD('Top'); Archive Classified Shopping Promotions ... My Times Site specials Sport Your Money Crossword Law Travel University Guide Times E-mail Golden Jubilee Rich List Foot-and-mouth Search this site TIMES 2 Bronte novella Films Theatre Arts ... Appointments TIMES ONLINE Home Breaking news Iraq Britain ... Sunday Times NEWSPAPER Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday ... Today QUICK CLICKS Appointments Arts Books Contact Us ... Weekend SPECIAL REPORTS Working Parents Investor's Centre NI_AD('BottomLeft'); Times 2 - features February 13, 2003 Baghdad: the fundamental truth By Peter Watson Islamic extremists revere Baghdad as a symbol of all they hold sacred, the cradle of their fundamentalist beliefs. Our correspondent says they're wrong - during the city's golden age there was no censorship or religious bigotry and the arab elite welcomed influences from Christians, Jews and Pagans BAGHDAD: THE JEWEL in the crown of the ancient Arab empire, the centre of its great cultural achievements and symbol of all that Islamic fundamentalists would like to see resurrected. But not so fast. The idea that Islam unadorned gave rise to an enviable civilisation in the Middle Ages, that the great faith alone was responsible for a golden age, is a myth, a half-truth, a glib soundbite that obscures and distorts what actually took place.

98. Islam Online- News Section Qanun, which are still extant. Likewise he wrote a commentary on HunaynIbn ishaq's book. Another famous book embodying his original http://www.islamonline.net/English/Science/2002/08/article06.shtml

Home About Us Media Kit Contact Us ... Your Mail Search Advanced Search News Iraq Special Special Pages Islam Ask about Islam Contemporary Issues My Journey to Islam Qur'an Fatwa Fatwa Bank Ask the Scholar Live Fatwa Counseling Cyber Counselor Directories Site Directory Islamic Society Islamic Banks TV Channels ... Telephone Code Services Matrimonial Date Converter Calendar Discussion Forum ... E-Cards Newsletter Enter your E-mail Ibn Al-Nafis and the Discovery of the Pulmonary Circulation By Dr. Sharif Kaf Al-Ghazal MD, MS, RCS (Plast.Cert), DM (Plast) England Ibn Al-Nafis Ala-al-Din Abu al-Hasan Ali Ibn Abi al-Hazm al-Qarshi al-Dimashqi (known as Ibn Al-Nafis) was born in 1213 A.D. in Damascus. He was educated at the Medical College Hospital (Bimaristan Al-Noori) founded by Noor al-Din Al-Zanki. Apart from medicine, Ibn al-Nafis learned jurisprudence, literature and theology. He thus became a renowned expert on the Shafi'i School of Jurisprudence as well as a reputed physician. In 1236 Ibn Nafis moved to Egypt and worked in Al-Nassri Hospital then in Al-Mansouri Hospital where he became chief of physicians and the Sultan’s personal physician. When he died in 1288 A.D. he donated his house, library and clinic to the Mansuriya Hospital

99. AISG http://www.humnet.unipi.it/medievistica/aisg/AISG_Zonta/Zonta.html

AISG Soci Mauro Zonta Dipartimento di Studi Filosofici ed Epistemologici e-mail: mzonta@uniroma1.it INTERESSI DI RICERCA Filologia ebraica, applicata specialmente ai testi filosofici medievali; traduzioni ebraiche medievali di testi arabi e latini. PUBBLICAZIONI Volumi 1. La ‘Classificazione delle scienze’ di al-Farabi nella tradizione ebraica, "Eurasiatica" 29, Silvio Zamorani Editore, Torino 1992, pp. Xxvii + 134. 2. Un dizionario filosofico ebraico del XIII secolo. L’introduzione al Sefer De’ot ha-filosofim di Shem Tob Ibn Falaquera, "Quaderni di Henoch" 4, Silvio Zamorani Editore, Torino 1992, pp. 163. 3. Un interprete ebreo della filosofia di Galeno. Gli scritti filosofici di Galeno nell’opera di Shem Tob Ibn Falaquera, "Eurasiatica" 39, Silvio Zamorani Editore, Torino 1995, pp. X + 161. 4. La filosofia antica nel Medioevo ebraico. Le traduzioni ebraiche medievali dei testi filosofici antichi, "Philosophica" 2, Paideia, Brescia 1996, pp. 304. 5. (In collaborazione con Giuliano Tamani) Aristoteles Hebraicus. Versioni, commenti e compendi del Corpus Aristotelicum nei manoscritti ebraici delle biblioteche italiane, "Eurasiatica" 46, Supernova, Venezia 1997, pp. 175.

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