21. Robert Recorde You can see one of Doctor robert recorde’s books in the museum in Tenby. robertrecorde was born in Tenby in 1510 but not many people know much about him. http://www.pembschool.org.uk/casmael/tenbyarea/html/robert_recorde.html

Robert Recorde1510 - 1558 You can see one of Doctor Robert Recorde’s books in the museum in Tenby. Robert Recorde was born in Tenby in 1510 but not many people know much about him. His mother Rose was a daughter of Thomas Jones from Machynlleth and his father a Tudor Merchant in Tenby. Robert left Pembrokeshire when he was 15 for Oxford. He taught for a while before becoming a doctor to Edward 6th and Queen Mary. He was the perfect gentleman, a mathematician, qualified in medicine and Law. Robert Recorde was the first man to accept Copernicus’ ideas about the sun. Copernicus was from Poland, 1473 - 1543. He argued that the sun was the centre of the Solar system and that the earth and other planets rotated around the sun. Before Copernicus’ discovery everybody thought that the Earth stayed still and that all the other planets rotated around it. Copernicus was jailed for his discovery. Robert Recorde invented the = sign and also he was the first to discover the square root. He died in prison in London after being sent there for being in debt. Robert Recorde’s memorial can be found in St Mary’s Church in Tenby, one of Wales oldest churches.

22. Robert Recorde (1510-1558) robert recorde (15101558). The important equality sign was introduced in 1557in the ``Whetstone of Witte'' by the Welsh robert recorde (1510-1558) http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~msch/talks/boole/tsld015.htm

Robert Recorde (1510-1558) The important equality sign was introduced in 1557 in the ``Whetstone of Witte'' by the Welsh Robert Recorde (1510-1558): And to avoide the tediouse repetition of these woordes :is equalle to: I will sette as I doe often in woorke use, a paire of paralleles, or Gemowe [twin] lines of one lengthe, thus: bicause noe .2. thynges, can be moare equalle Previous slide Next slide Back to first slide View graphic version

23. Robert Recorde (1510-1558) First Previous Next Last Index Home Text. Slide 15 of 42. http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~msch/talks/boole/sld015.htm

First Previous Next Last ... Text Slide 15 of 42

24. More Information On Robert Recorde Here's what's been posted about robert recorde. robert recorde Arrived atthe = equals symbol used in maths. from Pembroke Posted by TaffUlika http://www.famouswelsh.com/cgibin/getmoreinf.cgi?pers_id=141

25. Find Out Which Famous Welsh Scientists Share Your Roots - Innovators With Vision Posted by SeaSide. robert recorde Arrived at the = equals symbolused in maths. from Pembroke Posted by taffulika. Isaac roberts http://www.famouswelsh.com/06_science/science2.html

find out which famous Welsh scientists share your roots - innovators with vision like Robert Recorde and William Robert Grove! Do you know of a scientist who should be listed? Enter their name below and hit the 'Go See' button... Are you related to a famous Welsh scientist? Were you at school with a famous Welsh person? Let us know! Adding an entry to the science list is straight forward and only takes a minute or two. Please remember: If you see an entry on any of the listings that you know is wrong, don't hesitate to contact us! We'll put it right as soon as we can. famous Welsh scientists listing... There are 3 pages in this section, this is page 2 Ernest Jones He introduced psychoanalysis into Britain and North America. Born in Llwchwy, S Wales Posted by: DdraigGoch William Jones A noted Mathamatician. First to use Pi (1706) as a mathematical symbol. Born in Llanfihangel tre'r beirdd Posted by: alwynap Dyfrig Jones Theory of planetary radiation. Born in Wales Posted by: Mizoguchi Brian Josephson Nobel prize winning physicist; gave his name to "Josephson effects".

26. Untitled Gainesville, FL, 1994. pp. 299317. recorde, robert (ca. Clarke, FM NewLight on robert recorde. Isis 8 (1926), 50-70. Rogers, Daniel (ca. http://www.u.arizona.edu/~ctb/16qrst.html

Rastell, John (d. 1536) Laine, Amos Lee. "John Rastell and the Norman Conquest: Tudor Theories about the Feudal Age." The Rusted Hauberk: Feudal Ideas of Order and Their Decline . Ed. Liam O. Purdon and Cindy L. Vitto. Gainesville, FL, 1994. pp. 299-317. Recorde, Robert (ca. 1510-1558) Brewer, D. S. "Sixteenth, Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century References to the Voyage of Ohthere." Anglia Clarke, F. M. "New Light on Robert Recorde." Isis Rogers, Daniel (ca. 1538-1591) Levy, F. J. "Daniel Rogers as Antiquary." Still, John (?1543-1608) Van Kampen, Kimberly Lynn. Evidence of a Sixteenth-Century Anglo-Saxon Scholar: His Work and Sources . Doctoral thesis, Northern Illinois University, 1997. Talbot, Robert (ca. 1505-1558) Graham, Timothy. "The Earliest Old English Word-List from Tudor England." Medieval English Studies Newsletter Graham, Timothy. "Robert Talbot's 'Old Saxonice Bede.'" Cambridge Bibliographical Society Newsletter Graham, Timothy. "Robert Talbot's 'Old Saxonice Bede': Cambridge University Library, MS Kk.3.18 and the 'Alphabetum Norwagicum' of British Library, Cotton MSS, Domitian A.IX." Books and Collectors 1200-1700: Essays Presented to Andrew Watson . Ed. James P. Carley and Colin G. C. Tite. London, 1997. pp. 295-316.

27. Anglo-Saxonists - 16th Century Lambarde, William; Leland, John; Lumley, John. Nowell, Laurence. Parker, John; Parker,Matthew; Prise, John. Rastell, John; recorde, robert; Rogers, Daniel. Still, John. http://www.u.arizona.edu/~ctb/16aalist.html

Anglo-Saxonists - 16th Century Individual Scholars Acworth, George Allen, Thomas (under 17th century) Bale, John Batman, Stephen Camden, William Carew, Richard ... Twyne, John Return to top or to main page

28. BBC - South West Wales - Hall Of Fame logic. More robert recorderobert recorde Tenby, 1510. A physicianwho proposed the use of the equals sign in maths. More http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/southwest/halloffame/innovators/

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH SUNDAY 30th March 2003 Text only BBC Homepage Wales Home South West ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! Innovators Sir William Logan Widely regarded as one of the foremost geologists of his age, Sir William Logan lived and worked in Swansea between 1831 and 1838, where he managed a copper smelting works. Bartholomew Roberts Little Newcastle, Pembrokeshire, 1682. Known as Black Bart, probably the most influential pirate ever. More ... Henry Price Neath, 1899. Philosopher who won acclaim for his work on perception and logic. More ... Robert Recorde Tenby, 1510. A physician who proposed the use of the equals sign in maths. More ... Sir William Grove Swansea, 1811. The first physicist to offer proof of the thermal dissociation of atoms within a molecule. He also developed the electric cell. More ... Walter Davies Spittal, Pembrokeshire, 1890. Designed the hugely successful Stepney Spare Motor Wheel which was exported world wide. More ... Have Your Say or email us at wales.southwest@bbc.co.uk

29. BBC - South West Wales - Hall Of Fame robert recorde, Born 1510. Place of Birth Tenby. Biography robert recorde mustqualify as one of the Welshmen who had the greatest impact on the world. http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/southwest/halloffame/innovators/robertrecorde.shtml

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH SUNDAY 30th March 2003 Text only BBC Homepage Wales Home South West ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! Robert Recorde Born: Place of Birth: Tenby Famous For: A physician who proposed the use of the equals sign in maths. Biography: Robert Recorde must qualify as one of the Welshmen who had the greatest impact on the world. Not only was he a physician, and one of the foremost mathematicians of the 16th century, but he practically established the English school of mathematics and introduced algebra to Britain. Most famously of all he proposed the use of the equals sign. At first glance his story looks to be one of remarkable success upon success. In 1531 he was made a fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, and went on to gain a medical degree from the University of Cambridge. Recorde was also a doctor to the Royal Family. Moment of Glory: Creating one of the most famous symbols in the world - the equals sign. Off the Record: Which Welsh person do you think has had the greatest impact on modern life? Have Your Say or email us at wales.southwest@bbc.co.uk

30. Biography.com Rechy, John (Francisco), 1934 . recorde, robert, 1510 1558. Red Cloud(b. Makhpiyaluta), 1822 1909. Redding, (Jay) J. Saunders, 1906 1977. http://search.biography.com/bio_browse.pl?letter=R&num=200

31. People Mentioned In Chapter 24 Of "Seryddiaeth A Seryddwyr" J. Pierce (Porth, Rhondda) Pigott, Edward (17531825) Pigott, Nathaniel (d. 1804)Prydderch, John (or John Protheroe) (c.1582-c.1624) recorde, robert (c.1510 http://brynjones.members.beeb.net/wastronhist/saspeople.html

The history of Astronomy in Wales: Introduction ... Wales today Welsh astronomers listed in Seryddiaeth a Seryddwyr Introduction Silas Evans listed 82 people in his list of Welsh astronomers in Chapter 24, Seryddiaeth yng Nghymru , of his book Seryddiaeth a Seryddwyr (published by William Lewis Ltd., Cardiff, 1923). There is, naturally, a strong emphasis on amateur astronomers of the time of the book, but the list covers the entire period from the 16th century. The list of Welsh astronomers is presented here. Information such as dates of birth/death and main places of residence are given alongside the names: sometimes this information is taken from Seryddiaeth a Seryddwyr , sometimes it is additional. Alphabetical order The list of names in alphabetical order is: Billups, Dr. Percy (1859-) Bruce, Ven. Archdeacon W. Conybeare (1844-1919) Bryan, Prof. G. H., F.R.S. (Univ. Coll. North Wales) Daniell, Alfred (1853-) Davies, Rev. Frederick Charles (Reigate) Davies, Rev. Dr. Tegfan (1883-1968) (Ammanford) Dillwyn, Lewis Weston (1778-1855)

32. Sportweb - Notícias Translate this page 21/7/2002 Semana de vela de ilhabela comeca neste sabado com recorde departicipantes. 24/5/2002 robert Scheidt é o 36ª na Semana de Spa. http://www.sportweb.com.br/interno/esportes/esportes_not.asp?ID=1349&cat=4

33. The Invention Of The Equals Sign It was the invention of an Englishman named robert recorde, the man whofirst introduced algebra to England. recorde robert recorde. (Source http://www.ualr.edu/~lasmoller/equals.html

Did you know . . .? The symbol '=' was first used only in 1557! It was the invention of an Englishman named Robert Recorde, the man who first introduced algebra to England. Recorde used the symbol, composed of two parallel lines, in his 1557 book The Whetstone of Witte to avoid having to write over and over again "is equal to." But the symbol didn't catch on right away. Some people preferred the symbol ' ,' while others used the abbreviation ae or oe (for the Latin aequalis or "equal") into the 1700s. As for Recorde himself, he died a debtor in King's Bench Prison. Robert Recorde. (Source: http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/PictDisplay/Recorde.html) In his own words: "To avoide the tediouse repetition of these woordes: is equalle to: I will settle as I doe often in woorke use, a paire of paralleles, or gemowe [twin] lines of one lengthe: =, bicause noe .2. thynges, can be moare equalle." Robert Recorde, The Whetstone of Witte (Source: http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Recorde.html) For more information: http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Recorde.html

34. Biography-center - Letter R bio_uk.asp?PAR_I_ID=75701; recorde, robert wwwhistory.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/recorde.html;Redgrave, Steven www http://www.biography-center.com/r.html

Visit a random biography ! Any language Arabic Bulgarian Catalan Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Traditional) Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hebrew Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Italian Japanese Korean Latvian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian Slovak Slovenian Spanish Swedish Turkish R 483 biographies www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Renyi.html R. M., Williams www.abc.net.au/btn/australians/rmwilliams.htm Rabbitt, Eddie elvispelvis.com/eddierabbitt.htm Rabi, Isidor www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bomb/peopleevents/pandeAMEX80.html Rabi, Isidor Isaac www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1944/rabi-bio.html Rabiah ibn Kab, www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/history/biographies/sahaabah/bio.RABIAH_IBN_KAB.html Rabin, Yitzhak www.nobel.se/peace/laureates/1994/rabin-bio.html Rabinow, Jacob web.mit.edu/invent/www/inventorsR-Z/rabinow.html Rachmaninoff, Sergei www.island-of-freedom.com/RACH.HTM Rackham, Arthur www.bpib.com/illustrat/rackham.htm#rackhamtop www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Rado.html Rademacher, Hans

35. RECTOR (CG CR.). recorde, robert (c. 15101558), Welsh physician and mathematician,was descended from a respectable family of Tenby in Wales. http://31.1911encyclopedia.org/R/RE/RECTOR.htm

document.write(""); RECTOR RECORDE—RECORDER The best guide for Federal records is the work of Leland and Valentine; for a general bibliographical work of reference see E. C. Burnett's List of Printed Guides . . . (Historical MSS. Commission Report, 1897). EXTRAVAGANTIA RECORDE, ROBERT (c. 1510-1558), Welsh physician and mathematician, was descended from a respectable family of Tenby in Wales. He entered the university of Oxford about 1525, and was elected fellow of All Souls' College in 1531. Having adopted medicine as a profession, he went to Cambridge, where he took the degree of M.D. in 1545. He afterwards returned to Oxford, where he publicly taught mathematics, as he had done prior to his going to Cambridge. It appears that he afterwards went to London, and acted as physician to Edward VI. and to Queen Mary, to whom some of his books are dedicated. He died in the King's Bench prison, Southwark, where he was confined for debt, in 1558. recorder for him. A recorder is ex qfficio a justice for the >orough. The recorder of London is judge of the lord mayor 's court, and one of the commissioners of the central criminal court, ilis salary is £4000 a year. He is appointed by the lord mayor and aldermen, but by the Local Government Act 1888, s. 42, sub-s. 14, after the vacancy next after the beginning of he act, no recorder may exercise any judicial function unless le is appointed by the sovereign to exercise such function. See QUARTER SESSIONS, COURT or.

36. Early English Algebra Early English Algebra. Picture of recorde In the first half of the 16th century,Cuthbert Tonstall (14741559) and robert recorde (1510?-1558) were two of the http://vmoc.museophile.com/algebra/section3_2.html

Next: Algebra and Analytical Engines Up: A Brief History of Algebra and Computing: An Eclectic Oxonian View Previous: The Origins of Algebra Early English Algebra In the first half of the 16th century, Cuthbert Tonstall (1474-1559) and Robert Recorde (1510?-1558) were two of the foremost English mathematicians . They were the first mathematicians at the University of Cambridge whose lives have been recorded in any detail and as such may be considered founders of one of the most important centres of mathematics in the world. Both migrated to Oxford University during their careers. Robert Recorde, perhaps the more important of the two, became a Fellow of All Souls College at Oxford in 1531. The earliest use of the word algebra may be found in Recorde's Pathway of Knowledge (1551) in which he wrote: Also the rule of false position, with dyvers examples not onely vulgar, but some appertayning to the rule of Algebra. In 1557 he introduced the equality sign ` ' in his Whetstone of Witte , chosen ``bicause noe 2 thynges can be moare equalle'' (than two parallel lines of the same length). The symbols ` ' and ' were introduced for the first time in print in John Widman 's Arithmetic (Leipzig, 1489), but only came into general use in England after Recorde's

37. Earliest Uses Of Symbols Of Relation 1, page 297). The equal symbol (=) was first used by robert recorde(c. 15101558) in 1557 in The Whetstone of Witte. He wrote, I http://members.aol.com/jeff570/relation.html

Earliest Uses of Symbols of Relation Last updated: July 29, 2001 Equality. In printed books before the modern equal sign, equality was usually expressed with a word, such as aequales, aequantur, esgale, faciunt, ghelijck, or gleich, and sometimes by the abbreviated form aeq (Cajori vol. 1, page 297). The equal symbol (=) was first used by Robert Recorde (c. 1510-1558) in 1557 in The Whetstone of Witte. He wrote, "I will sette as I doe often in woorke use, a paire of parralles, or Gemowe lines of one lengthe, thus : ==, bicause noe 2, thynges, can be moare equalle." Recorde used an elongated form of the present symbol. He proposed no other algebraic symbol (Cajori vol. 1, page 306). Here is an image of the page of The Whetstone of Witte on which the equal sign is introduced. The equal symbol did not appear in print again until 1618, when it appeared in an anonymous Appendix, very probably due to Oughtred, printed in Edward Wright's English translation of Napier's Descriptio. It reappeared 1631, when it was used by Thomas Harriot and William Oughtred (Cajori vol. 1, page 298). Cajori states (vol. 1, page 126):

38. Orçamento De Bush Tem Rombo Recorde Translate this page novidade do orçamento de Bush é, no entanto, o rombo recorde de US Bush propõeao Congresso a rejeição da Emenda Byrd – do senador robert Byrd, Democrata http://www.estado.estadao.com.br/editorias/2003/02/04/eco059.html

Suplementos Editorial Portal do Assinante Cidades ... Nacional Terça-feira, 4 de fevereiro de 2003 Proposta enviada ao Congresso, com déficit de US$ 304 bi, repõe EUA no caminho do endividamento PAULO SOTERO Correspondente WASHINGTON – O presidente dos Estados Unidos, George W. Bush, propôs ontem ao Congresso a adoção de um orçamento federal de US$ 2,23 trilhões que destina centenas de bilhões de dólares ao Pentágono e ao novo Departamento da Segurança Interna, aumenta um pouco os gastos com educação, mas reduz pela metade a taxa de crescimento de todos os demais programas do governo. A grande novidade do orçamento de Bush é, no entanto, o rombo recorde de US$ 304 bilhões que ele abre nas contas federais, recolocando os EUA no caminho do endividamento maciço e continuado que o país começara a deixar na administração Clinton. Esse número não inclui o custo de uma provável guerra contra o Iraque, que diferentes funcionários da administração já estimaram em US$ 100 bilhões a US$ 200 bilhões. A proposta, que diz respeito apenas à administração federal, representa cerca de quatro vezes o Produto Interno Bruto do Brasil. Numa notícia de interesse para os exportadores brasileiros, o orçamento de Bush propõe ao Congresso a rejeição da Emenda Byrd – do senador Robert Byrd, Democrata da Virgínia Ocidental –, adotada há três anos e que prevê pagamentos anuais de US$ 230 milhões aos iniciadores de processos antidumping bem-sucedidos. A emenda, que foi recentemente condenada pela Organização Mundial do Comércio, têm defensores entre democratas e republicanos.

39. 100 recorde, robert. Whetstone of Witte. recorde, robert, The Pathway to Knowledge,Containing the First Principles of Geometrie, facsimile of. http://newton.uor.edu/facultyfolder/beery/math115/m115_resources.htm

RESOURCES / TEXTS? / REFERENCES Resources for worksheets and activities for elementary mathematics history course: 1) Activity books by Claudia Zaslavsky, Beatrice Lumpkin, Frank Swetz, and others, including: Lumpkin, Beatrice, Algebra Activities from Many Cultures , J. Weston Walch, Portland, Maine, 1997. Lumpkin, Beatrice and Dorothy Strong, Multicultural Science and Math Connections , J. Weston Walch, Portland, Maine, 1995. Swetz, Frank J., Learning Activities from the History of Mathematics , J. Weston Walch, Portland, Maine, Zaslavsky, Claudia, Multicultural Math: Hand-on Math Activities from Around the World, Scholastic Books, Jefferson City, Missouri, 1994. Zaslavsky, Claudia, Multicultural Mathematics: Interdisciplinary Cooperative-Learning Activities, J. Weston Walch, Portland, Maine, 1993. 2) Jacobs, Harold R., Mathematics: A Human Endeavor, W.H. Freeman, New York, 1994 See especially the explorations of the Fibonacci sequence and of Euler paths and circuits. Historical Modules for the Teaching and Learning of Secondary Mathematics (CD), Mathematical Association of America, Washington, D.C., 2003, including:

40. A Brief History Of Algebra #4 The earliest use of the printed English word algebra may be found in robertrecorde's Pathway of Knowledge in 1551. robert recorde 1510 1558. http://www.bonita.k12.ca.us/schools/ramona/teachers/carlton/historypages/history

The earliest use of the printed English word "algebra" may be found in Robert Recorde's Pathway of Knowledge in 1551. People spelled many words differently in the 1500s, so the sentence in Recorde's book is a little difficult to understand. Here is what Recorde wrote: "Also the rule of false position, with dyvers examples not onely vulgar, but some appertayning to the rule of Algebra." Robert Recorde studied and taught mathematics at both Oxford and Cambridge. He wrote books on arithmetic, geometry and astronomy. He is best known for inventing the equals symbol (=) which appears in his book The Whetstone of Witte in 1557. Just imagine trying to solve equations without an equals sign! Click here to view an image of the page on which the equal sign is first introduced.

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