21. Bell Labs: Claude Shannon, Father Of Information Theory, Dies At 84 claude shannon's clever electromechanical mouse, which he called Theseus, was one of the earliest attempts to "teach" a http://www.bell-labs.com/news/2001/february/26/1.html

Bell Labs Home About Bell Labs History Awards ... FAQs Claude Shannon, Father of Information Theory, Dies at 84 Claude Shannon's clever electromechanical mouse, which he called Theseus, was one of the earliest attempts to "teach" a machine to "learn" and one of the first experiments in artificial intelligence. (This photograph is also available at higher resolution for use in print reproduction.) Murray Hill, N.J. (Feb. 26, 2001) Claude Elwood Shannon, the mathematician who laid the foundation of modern information theory while working at Bell Labs in the 1940s, died on Saturday. He was 84. Shannon's theories are as relevant today as they were when he first formulated them. "It was truly visionary thinking," said Arun Netravali, president of Lucent Technologies' Bell Labs. "As if assuming that inexpensive, high-speed processing would come to pass, Shannon figured out the upper limits on communication rates. First in telephone channels, then in optical communications, and now in wireless, Shannon has had the utmost value in defining the engineering limits we face." In 1948 Shannon published his landmark A Mathematical Theory of Communication . He begins this pioneering paper on information theory by observing that "the fundamental problem of communication is that of reproducing at one point either exactly or approximately a message selected at another point." He then proceeds to so thoroughly establish the foundations of information theory that his framework and terminology remain standard.

22. 1999 Sophomore College Project Project report by Marina Kassianidou, Vivek Srinivasan and Brent Villalobos. http://www.stanford.edu/~vjsriniv/project/project.html

A 1999 Sophomore College presentation by: Marina Kassianidou, Vivek Srinivasan and Brent Villalobos.

23. Claude Shannon (1916 - ) claude shannon (1916 ) In 1936, graduate student claude shannon arrived at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In the best tradition of grad. http://www.home.gil.com.au/~bredshaw/shannon.htm

Claude Shannon (1916 - ) I n 1936, graduate student Claude Shannon arrived at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In the best tradition of grad. students, Shannon was short of money, and happy to be recruited by his professor, Vannevar Bush, to tend the unwieldy entrails of Bush's mechanical computing device - the Differential Analyser. The Differential Analyser, while a marvel of scientific engineering for its time, was a lot of hard work to maintain. Basically an assembly of shafts and gears, the gears themselves had to be manually configured to specific ratios before any problem could be ‘fed’ to the machine - a boring, laborious - and extremely messy - business. (“I had to kind of, you know, fix [it] from time to time to keep it going”.) Encouraged by Bush to base his master's thesis on the logical operation of the Differential Analyser, Shannon inevitably considered ways of improving it, perhaps by using electrical circuits instead of the present cumbersome collection of mechanical parts. Not long afterwards, it dawned on Shannon that the Boolean algebra he'd learned as an undergraduate was in fact very similar to an electric circuit. The next obvious step would be to lay out circuitry according to Boolean principles, allowing the circuits to binary-test propositions as well as calculate problems.

24. Shannon Biography of claude E shannon (19162001) claude Elwood shannon. Born 30 April 1916 in Gaylord, Michigan, USA http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Shannon.html

Claude Elwood Shannon Born: 30 April 1916 in Gaylord, Michigan, USA Died: 24 Feb 2001 in Medford, Massachusetts, USA Click the picture above to see three larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Claude E Shannon 's father was also named Claude Elwood Shannon and his mother was Mabel Catherine Wolf. Shannon was a graduate of the University of Michigan, being awarded a degree in mathematics and electrical engineering in 1936. He then went to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he obtained a Master's Degree in electrical engineering and his Ph.D. in mathematics in 1940. Shannon wrote a Master's thesis A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits on the use of Boole 's algebra to analyse and optimise relay switching circuits. His doctoral thesis was on theoretical genetics. At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology he also worked on the differential analyser, an early type of mechanical computer developed by Vannevar Bush for obtaining numerical solutions to ordinary differential equations . Shannon published Mathematical theory of the differential analyzer in 1941. In the introduction to the paper he writes:-

25. Shannon's Work claude shannon's creation in the 1940's of the subject of information theory isarguably one of the great intellectual achievements of the twentieth century. http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/ms/what/shannonday/work.html

The significance of Shannon's Work Claude Shannon's creation in the 1940's of the subject of information theory is arguably one of the great intellectual achievements of the twentieth century. Information theory has had an important and significant influence on mathematics, particularly on probability theory and ergodic theory, and Shannon's mathematics is in its own right a considerable and profound contribution to pure mathematics. But Shannon did his work primarily in the context of communication engineering, and it is in this area that it stands as a unique monument. In his classical paper of 1948 and its sequels, he formulated a model of a communication system that is distinctive for its generality as well as for its amenability to mathematical analysis. He formulated the central problems of theoretical interest, and gave a brilliant and elegant solution to these problems. We preface this section of his collected works with a very short description of this pioneering work. Let us look first at his model. Shannon saw the communication process as essentially stochastic in nature. The semantic meaning of information plays no role in the theory. In the Shannon paradigm, information from a "source" (defined as a stochastic process) must be transmitted though a "channel" (defined by a transition probability law relating the channel output to the input). The system designer is allowed to place a device called an "encoder" between the source and channel which can introduce a fixed though finite (coding) delay. A "decoder" can be placed at the output of the channel. The theory seeks to answer questions such as how rapidly or reliably can the information from the source be transmitted over the channel, when one is allowed to optimize with respect to the encoder/decoder?

26. Shannon, Claude - A Whatis Definition - See Also: Claude Shannon claude shannon. claude Elwood shannon, a mathematician born in Gaylord, Michigan (U.S.) in 1916, is credited with two http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0%2C%2Csid9_gci214303%2C00.html

Search our IT-specific encyclopedia for: or jump to a topic: Choose a topic... CIO CRM Databases Domino Enterprise Linux IBM S/390 IBM AS/400 Networking SAP Security Solaris Storage Systems Management Visual Basic Web Services Windows 2000 Windows Manageability Advanced Search Browse alphabetically: A B C D ... General Computing Terms Claude Shannon Claude Elwood Shannon, a mathematician born in Gaylord, Michigan (U.S.) in 1916, is credited with two important contributions to information technology: the application of Boolean theory to electronic switching, thus laying the groundwork for the digital computer, and developing the new field called information theory . It is difficult to overstate the impact which Claude Shannon has had on the 20th century and the way we live and work in it, yet he remains practically unknown to the general public. Shannon spent the bulk of his career, a span of over 30 years from 1941 to 1972, at Bell Labs where he worked as a mathematician dedicated to research. While a graduate student at MIT in the late 1930s, Shannon worked for Vannevar Bush who was at that time building a mechanical computer, the Differential Analyser. Shannon had the insight to apply the two-valued Boolean logic to electrical circuits (which could be in either of two states - on or off). This syncretism of two hitherto distinct fields earned Shannon his MS in 1937 and his doctorate in 1940.

27. Information Theory Resources Small collection of links about Information Theory and claude shannon. http://www-lmmb.ncifcrf.gov/~toms/itresources.html

Information Theory Resources Books about Information Theory Molecular Computation Entropy on the World Wide Web is a page written by Chris Hillman about the various forms of entropy that people use. A Short Course in Information Theory by David J. C. Mackay. Information theory applied to physics by Phil Fraundorf. IEEE Information Theory Society Jaynes Book This book is about a philosophy of probability and information theory. Conserved sequence features of inteins (protein introns) and their use in identifying new inteins and related proteins by Shmuel Pietrokovski, Department of Structural Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. Protein Science (1994) 3:2340-2350. This paper includes sequence logos of the inteins. Claude Shannon at Bell Labs Who Is Claude Shannon? This is a fine review except that it confuses "uncertainty" with "information". Institute of Physico-Chemical Problems of Evolution . This is work by Georgi P. Gladyshev on the "Thermodynamics of Aging". Schneider Lab origin: before 1996 June 2 updated: 1998 April 1

28. Shannon Day @ Bell Labs To celebrate the 50th anniversary of claude shannon's 1948 paper ``A Mathematical Theory of Communication,''. Mathematical Sciences Center, Bell Laboratories Lucent Technologies. 18 May 1998. http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/ms/what/shannonday/

S HANNON D AY B ELL L ABS Claude Shannon's 1948 paper `` A Mathematical Theory of Communication ,'' founded Information Theory. To celebrate the 50th anniversary of its publication, the Mathematical Sciences Center of Bell Laboratories Lucent Technologies held a one day symposium. The symposium also included a session to honor the memory of late Aaron Wyner. We are honored that the following distinguished information theorists agreed to give talks. Toby Berger Cornell University Thomas Cover Stanford University G. David Forney Motorola Robert G. Gallager MIT Robert W. Lucky Bellcore James L. Massey ETH, Zurich Neil J. A. Sloane Andrew Viterbi Qualcomm Jack K. Wolf UCSD Jacob Ziv Technion Date: Monday May 18 1998. Place: Arnold Auditorium, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ. Directions to Bell Labs Read more about the significance of Shannon's work Download a copy of Shannon's original paper Program (with viewgraphs) for Shannon Day Maintainer: Emre Telatar telatar@bell-labs.com

29. Shannonbio.html Biography of claude Elwood shannon. Postscript claude shannon died on February24, 2001, at the age of 84, after a long struggle with Alzheimer's disease. http://www.research.att.com/~njas/doc/shannonbio.html

Biography of Claude Elwood Shannon Shannon's Collected Papers Neil Sloane's home page Aaron Wyner's home page This biography, written by N.J.A. Sloane and A.D. Wyner, is one of two biographies of Claude Shannon that appears in the book we edited, Shannon's Collected Papers Claude Elwood Shannon was born in Petoskey, Michigan, on Sunday, April 30, 1916. His father, Claude Sr. (1862-1934), a descendant of early New Jersey settlers, was a businessman and, for a period, Judge of Probate. His mother, Mabel Wolf Shannon (1880-1945), daughter of German immigrants, was a language teacher and for a number of years Principal of Gaylord High School, in Gaylord, Michigan. The first sixteen years of Shannon's life were spent in Gaylord, where he attended the Public School, graduating from Gaylord High School in 1932. As a boy, Shannon showed an inclination toward things mechanical. His best subjects in school were science and mathematics, and at home he constructed such devices as model planes, a radio-controlled model boat and a telegraph system to a friend's house half a mile away. The telegraph made opportunistic use of two barbed wires around a nearby pasture. He earned spending money from a paper route and delivering telegrams, as well as repairing radios for a local department store. His childhood hero was Edison, who he later learned was a distant cousin. Both were descendants of John Ogden, an important colonial leader and the ancestor of many distinguished people. Shannon's recent hero list, without deleting Edison, includes more academic types such as Newton, Darwin, Einstein and Von Neumann.

30. Shannon, Claude encyclopediaEncyclopedia shannon, claude. shannon, claude, 1916–2001,American applied mathematician, b. Gaylord, Michigan. A student http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0844697.html

The # 1 wireless color security cam! Ultimate home movie ! Genuine Indian and Asian astrology reports and consultations by reputed Vedic Astrologers. Step-by-step guide to finding money for a growing business All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia Shannon, Claude Shannon, Claude, information theory with The Mathematical Theory of Communications (1949, with Warren Weaver). Shankar, Ravi Shannon Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips About Us Contact Us Link to Infoplease ... Privacy

31. Shannon, Claude Elwood (1916-2001) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific shannon, claude Elwood (19162001), This entry contributed by Rethnakaran Pulikkoonattu. Johnson,G. claude shannon, Mathematician, Dies at 84 (Obituary). http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Shannon.html

Branch of Science Mathematicians Nationality American ... Pulikkoonattu Shannon, Claude Elwood (1916-2001) This entry contributed by Rethnakaran Pulikkoonattu American mathematician and father of information theory . Claude Elwood Shannon was born in Gaylord, Michigan on April 30, 1916 to Claude Elwood and Mabel Wolf Shannon. Shannon's father Claude, was a judge in Gaylord, a small town with a population of about three thousand, and his mother Mabel was the principal of the local high school. Although he didn't work in the field of mathematics, Shannon proved to be mathematically precocious. Although there was not much scientific influence from Shannon's father, he received scientific encouragement from his grandfather, who was an inventor and a farmer whose inventions included the washing machine and farming machinery. While at MIT, Shannon studied with both Wiener and Bush. Noted as a 'tinkerer,' he was ideally suited to working on the Differential Analyzer, and would set it up to run equations for other scientists. At Bush's suggestion, Shannon also studied the operation of the analyzer's relay circuits for his master's thesis. This analysis formed the basis for Shannon's influential 1938 paper "A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits," in which he put forth his developing theories on the relationship of symbolic logic to relay circuits. This paper, and the theories it contained, would have a seminal impact on the development of information processing machines and systems in the years to come.

32. Dictionary Of Philosophy Of Mind - Shannon, Claude shannon, claude (b. 1916, Gaylord, MI. Ph.D. Mathematics, MIT, 1940). In1948, shannon published his best known work, a paper (Bell Syst. Tech. http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~philos/MindDict/shannon.html

Shannon, Claude (b. 1916, Gaylord, MI. Ph.D. Mathematics, MIT, 1940). In 1948, Shannon published his best known work, a paper (Bell Syst. Tech. J., 27, 379-423, 623-56) showing how information could be measured. Shannon joined the staff of Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1941 to work on the problem of how to transmit information most efficiently. In 1948, Shannon published a paper (Bell Syst. Tech. J., 27, 379-423, 623-56) showing how information could be measured. A full-fledged work, The Mathematical Theory of Communication (with W. Weaver, 1949), was the beginning of information theory. From 1958 to 1980, Shannon taught electrical engineering at MIT. His research has been on Boolean algebra and switching circuits, communications theory, computers, and cryptography. Tadeusz Zawidzki References Zusne, Leonard (1987). Eponyms in psychology . Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. bookstore

33. Shannon, Claude. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 shannon, claude. 1916–2001, American applied mathematician, b. Gaylord, Michigan. 1.See CE shannon et al., claude Elwood shannon Collected Papers (1993). 2. http://www.bartleby.com/65/sh/Shannon.html

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34. CHMC // Individuals // Shannon, Claude Elwood http://web.mit.edu/maweigel/www/shannon/csframeset.html

35. MIT Professor Claude Shannon Dies; Was Founder Of Digital Communications MIT Professor claude shannon dies; was founder of digital communications.FEBRUARY 27, 2001 • Contact information. CAMBRIDGE, Mass. http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/nr/2001/shannon.html

News Releases Search MIT News Office Comments ... MIT MIT Professor Claude Shannon dies; was founder of digital communications Contact information Professor Shannon, a distant relative of Thomas Edison, was affiliated with Bell Laboratories from 1941 to 1972, during which time he wrote the landmark A Mathematical Theory of Communication (1948). This pioneering paper on information theory begins by observing that "the fundamental problem of communication is that of reproducing at one point either exactly or approximately a message selected at another point." The information content of a message, he theorized, consists simply of the number of 1s and 0s it takes to transmit it. "Nobody had come close to this idea before," said MIT Professor emeritus Robert G. Gallager, who worked with Professor Shannon. "This was not something somebody else would have done for a very long time." The revolutionary idea was gradually adopted by communications engineers and stimulated the technology which led to today's information age. All communication lines today are measured in bits per second, the notion that Professor Shannon made precise with "channel capacity." His theory also made it possible to use bits in computer storage needed for pictures, voice streams and other data. After receiving BS degrees in mathematics and electrical engineering from the University of Michigan in 1936, he came to MIT as a graduate student. As a part-time job, he worked on Professor Vannevar Bush’s differential analyzer. His master's thesis, "A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits," used Boolean algebra—in which problems are solved by manipulating two symbols, 1 and 0—to establish the theoretical underpinnings of digital circuits. This work was the beginning of modern switching theory. Harvard University Professor Howard Gardner called it "possibly the most important, and also the most famous, master’s thesis of the century."

36. Lucent | Information Theory Back to Bell Labs. claude Elwood shannon was born in Petoskey, Michiganon April 30, 1916. He spent a productive 15 years at Bell http://www.lucent.com/minds/infotheory/who.html

Back to Bell Labs Claude Elwood Shannon was born in Petoskey, Michigan on April 30, 1916. He spent a productive 15 years at Bell Labs, working with such famous men as John Pierce, known for satellite communication; Harry Nyquist, with numerous contributions to signal theory; Hendrik Bode, who worked on feedback; and George Stibitz, who in 1938 built an early relay computer. Click here to learn more about his life and career. Privacy statement

37. Lucent - Information Theory A basic introduction and history of information theory from Bell Labs.Category Science Math Applications Information Theory...... In 1948, Bell Labs scientist claude shannon developed Information Theory,and the world of communications technology has never been the same. http://www.lucent.com/minds/infotheory/

Back to Bell Labs In 1948, Bell Labs scientist Claude Shannon developed Information Theory, and the world of communications technology has never been the same. Privacy statement

38. Shannon, Claude E FOUNDATIONS IN SCIENCE. shannon, claude E., Weaver, Warren (1949). The mathematicaltheory of communication. Urbana, IL University of Illinois Press. http://www.comm.cornell.edu/comm116/history/sci.htm

FOUNDATIONS IN SCIENCE The mathematical theory of communication. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. Pierce ). One final note, the editor of this book was Wilbur Schramm, the head of the first Institute of Communication Research at the University of Illinois. This book heavily influenced Schramm, as seen later in this essay (see Schramm von Bertalanffy, Ludwig (1988). General system theory: Foundations, development, applications. Most notable is the theory of an organism as open system (published originally in 1940). This notion of open system "pried the lid off" of previous closed systems thinking and necessitated the incorporation of environment and culture in our scientific endeavors. Rapoport, Anatol. Fights, games, and debate s (1960). Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press. Rapoport was one of the foremost game theoreticians. He looked for "different kinds of intellectual tools for the analysis of conflict situations (p. 12)." His last two chapters entitled, the "case for individualism" and the "case for collectivism" precede Hofstede's similar concept used today in intercultural communication. Rapoport claims it is the tension between cooperation and competition that provides conflict situations. In a recent (1985) book by Axelrod, Rapoport won a computer-simulated prisoner's dilemma contest by submitting a tit-for-tat solution (i.e., cooperation). Axelrod theorized that cooperation is the best strategy in solving prisoner dilemma-type conflicts. Rapoport helped us think twice about games and how they can serve as practical aids in the study of communication.

39. Heroes Of Cyberspace: Claude Shannon Heroes of Cyberspace claude shannon. Duy Nguyen has a nice biography of claudeshannon at http//canyon.ucsd.edu/infoville/schoolhouse/class_html/duy.html. http://www.skypoint.com/~gimonca/shannon.html

Heroes of Cyberspace: Claude Shannon by Charles A. Gimon for INFO NATION "We want information...information..." Number Two, in "The Prisoner" Claude Shannon isn't well known to the public at large, but he is one of a handful of scientists and thinkers who made our world of instant communications possible. Born in Gaylord, Michigan in 1916, into a fairly well-educated and intellectually stimulating environment, his younger days were spent working with radio kits and morse code, an early start to a promising career. (Later, he would remember Edgar Allan Poe's story "The Gold Bug", with its simple cryptogram, as another early influence.) In the late 1930s at MIT, he did important work showing how logic could be applied to the design of relay circuitsin short, that the true-and-false of Boolean logic could be the same as the on-and-off of an electric switch. For this pioneering work, important for both phones and computers, Shannon received his doctorate in 1940. Shannon then spent 31 years at Bell Labs , starting in 1941. Among the many things Shannon worked on there, one great conceptual leap stands out. In 1948, Shannon published "The Mathematical Theory of Communication" in the Bell System Technical Journal, along with Warren Weaver. This surprisingly readable (for a technical paper) document is the basis for what we now call information theorya field that has made all modern electronic communications possible, and could lead to astounding insights about the physical world and ourselves. Names like Einstein, Heisenberg, or even

40. Shannon, Claude Elwood ::: Dizionario Informatico Translate this page shannon, claude Elwood Nato il 30 aprile 1916 a Gaylord, Michigan(USA). Laureato nel Michigan si trasferi' al MIT dove scrisse http://www.dizionarioinformatico.com/cgi-lib/diz.cgi?frame&key=shannon

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