Geometry.Net - Health_Conditions: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

Guardian Unlimited | Special Reports | Special Report: The BSE Crisis
Ongoing collection of news, commentary, audio, graphics and interactive guides about bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and variant CreutzfeldtJakob Disease (CJD). From the Guardian Media Group. UK.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/bse/0,8250,388290,00.html

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Health And Consumer Protection - BSE - BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY (BSE) -
The announcement made by the United Kingdom authorities on 20 March 1996 thata link between bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and CreutzfeldtJacob
http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/bse/bse07_en.html

Extractions: Health Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Information for consumers - GUIDE Second edition - 29.10.1996 The announcement made by the United Kingdom authorities on 20 March 1996 that a link between bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (CJD) could not be ruled out provoked an unprecedented crisis of confidence among European consumers with regard to beef and bovine products. Since then, a flood of contradictory and often incomplete information has merely amplified these concerns. It is appropriate, then, to inform consumers about the situation and the measures to reinforce consumer safety which have been taken or which are envisaged in the framework of the European Union and to try to outline the scientific uncertainties at the root of the crisis. This briefing, which incorporates, updates and supplements the guide of 28 May 1996, and which was prepared by the Interdepartmental Working Party established by the Commission on 27 March 1996, sets out to do just that. Download/view the PDF file (68 KB)
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
INFORMATION CONCERNING TRANSMISIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY For theScientific and Business World. Please note that news past January
http://sparc.airtime.co.uk/bse/welcome.htm

Extractions: "ABSENCE OF EVIDENCE IS NOT THE SAME AS EVIDENCE OF ABSENCE" - MJ REES For latest news and updates see www.priondata.org Major increase in addresses and emails of worldwide researchers into TSEs It is important that everyone checks their address, email and direction of research. This a major list used to invite people to meetings
Institute Of Food Science & Technology: BSE/vCJD
IFST Current Hot Topics. bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) ANDVARIANT CREUTZFELDTJAKOB DISEASE (vCJD) IN HUMANS. The Institute
http://www.ifst.org/hottop5.htm

Extractions: AND VARIANT CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE (vCJD) IN HUMANS Special Note : This updated Information Statement takes account of available data and published research up to 11 October 2001. As with the previous update, in order to accommodate much new material without extending the length, some of the earlier material which has become of historical rather than current interest has been eliminated or curtailed, but the relevant literature references have been retained.
IFST Institute Of Food Science Technology Home Page
Update of Information Statement on bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)and Variant CreutzfeldtJakob Disease (vCJD) issued 24 October 2001.
http://www.ifst.org/ifsthp3.htm

Extractions: IFST is the independent incorporated professional qualifying body for food scientists and technologists. Its purposes are :- to serve the public interest by furthering the application of science and technology to all aspects of the supply of safe, wholesome, nutritious and attractive food, nationally and internationally; to advance the standing of food science and technology , both as a subject and as a profession; to assist members in their career and personal development within the profession; to uphold professional standards of competence and integrity This Web site last updated on 25 March 2003 IFST Website Main Index IFST Information Statements on today's food-related hot topics IFST and CIFST jointly announce their Co-operating Societies Agreement IFST and HKFSTA jointly announce their Co-operating Societies Agreement IFST awards its first Certificates of Continuing Professional Development IFST creates new membership grade, Executive Associate IFST launches its Careers Website
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)
Updated January 28, 2003. bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Contents. ForeignAgricultural Service (FAS) bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).
http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OA/topics/bse.htm
Federal Register: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Current Thinking Pape
01027N bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Current Thinking Paper; Noticeof Availability AGENCY Food Safety and Inspection Service, USDA.
http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/rdad/FRPubs/01-027N.htm

Extractions: . Send all written comments on the current thinking paper and the risk assessment to the FSIS Docket Room. All comments received will be considered part of the public record and will be available for viewing in the Docket Room between 8:30 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. Monday through Friday. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr. Daniel Engeljohn, Director, Regulations and Directives Development Staff, Office of Policy, Program Development and Evaluation, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, (202) 720-5627. Done in Washington, DC on: January 15, 2002. Ronald F. Hicks, Acting Associate Administrator. [FR Doc. Filed ; 2:09 pm] BILLING CODE 3410-DM-P
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)
bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Geographical Distribution of Countriesthat reported BSE Confirmed Cases from 1989 to 2002 (see map).
http://www.oie.int/eng/info/en_esb.htm

Extractions: var code_langue1='fr';var code_langue2='es';var rep_l='/info/';var lc='en';var code_page='esb.htm'; document.write(ent); Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Geographical Distribution of Countries that reported BSE Confirmed Cases from 1989 to 2002 (see map) This heading was created in order to inform OIE Member Countries of changes in the BSE situation worldwide.
B115 - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
bovine spongiform encephalopathy. International Animal Health Code; Current AnimalHealth Status (Disease Information, bovine spongiform encephalopathy tables).
http://www.oie.int/eng/maladies/fiches/A_B115.HTM

Extractions: var code_langue1='f';var code_langue2='e';var rep_l='/maladies/fiches/';var lc='en';var code_page='b115.htm'; document.write(ent); Bovine spongiform encephalopathy AETIOLOGY CLASSIFICATION OF THE CAUSATIVE AGENT An unconventional transmissible agent closely similar to that causing scrapie of sheep and goats. Hypothetically termed a prion to denote an infectious protein, because a partially protease resistant isoform of a normal host protein, PrP, is the only detectable macromolecule associated with infectivity. RESISTANCE TO PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ACTION Temperature: pH: Stable over a wide range of pH. Disinfectants: Survival: Recommended decontamination measures will reduce titres but may be incompletely effective if dealing with high titre material, when agent is protected within dried organic matter, or in tissue preserved in aldehyde fixatives. Survives in tissues post-mortem after a wide range of rendering processes. Related hamster scrapie infectivity can survive interment in soil for 3 years and dry heat of 1 hour at temperatures as high as 360°C. EPIDEMIOLOGY The incidence during the course of the epidemic in Great Britain has been low. Within affected herds the maximum annual incidence was 3%.
Contents
bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Table of contents. Appendix. I. Protocol for thehistopathological diagnosis of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. References.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0573E/T0573E00.htm

Extractions: Scrapie and Related Diseases Advisory Service Edinburgh, UK The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M-27
MANUAL ON BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY
FAO Animal Health Manual 2. MANUAL ON bovine spongiform encephalopathy. JohnW. Willesmith. Chapter 1 Introduction. bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).
http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/W8656E/W8656E00.HTM

Extractions: FAO Animal Health Manual - 2 MANUAL ON BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY John W. Willesmith Epidemiology Department Central Veterinary Laboratory Veterinary Laboratory Agency Surrey, United Kingdom FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1998 Acknowledgements Contents Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) ... PUBLIC HEALTH BIBLIOGRAPHY Chapter 1 Introduction BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY (BSE) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was first recognized and defined as a pathological entity in the United Kingdom in November 1986 (Wells et al., 1996). Initial epidemiological investigations and examination of archived brains indicated that the first cases occurred around April 1985. Subsequently, the largest freeborn epidemic of a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) occurred which has had severe economic effects and has caused concern for public health. The initial clinical signs of this fatal neurological disease are non-specific, typically involving behavioural changes. As the clinical phase progresses the disease is typified by alterations in mental state and of sensation and ataxia. The majority of affected animals reach the advanced stages within two to three months from the onset, when slaughter on welfare grounds becomes necessary (Wilesmith
Netvet.wustl.edu/species/cows/srb91-05.txt
United States ISSN 1052536X Department of Agriculture National Agricultural LibraryBeltsville Maryland 20705 bovine spongiform encephalopathy SRB 91-05
http://netvet.wustl.edu/species/cows/srb91-05.txt

Extractions: ^ZUnited States ISSN: 1052-536X Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library Beltsville Maryland 20705 BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY SRB 91-05 Special Reference Briefs Janice C. Swanson Animal Welfare Information Center National Agricultural Library Beltsville, Maryland 20705 December 1990 National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record: Swanson, Janice C. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Special reference briefs ; 91-05) 1. Cattle Diseases Bibliography. I. Title. aS21.D27S64 no.91-05 BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY TABLE OF CONTENTS Begins with record # Introduction General and Review Articles ............................. 1 Epidemiology and Diagnoses .............................. 48 Transmission ............................................ 76 Safety and Control ...................................... 83 Toxicity ................................................ 98 Wildlife ................................................101 Genetics ................................................103 Addendum ................................................104 Author Index INTRODUCTION The first observation of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is estimated to have occurred in Great Britain in April of 1985. A specific diagnosis was arrived at in 1986. By June of 1990 there were 14,324 confirmed cases out of an estimated population of 10 million cattle in Great Britain (2, 22, 23, 104). Other cases have been reported in Ireland and Oman in 1989 and 1990, respectively (22, 23, 62, 52). BSE is an afebrile neurological disease that primarily affects mature cattle. Clinical signs include abnormally stilted gaits, high stepping, heightened sensory perception, itching, anorexia, excessive licking, and death. Abnormal motor nerve control coupled with aggressiveness have earned the disease the common name of Mad or Raging Cow Disease. Although all types of cattle are susceptible, most cases have been reported in the Holstein-Fresian breed. The first clinical signs of the disease (onset) has been observed in cattle at an age of 1 year 10 months to 15 years. From onset, the disease course varies from less than 2 weeks to 14 months usually resulting in death or humane destruction within 4 months (2, 9, 20, 22, 23, 31, 37, 69). The causative agent of BSE is not known, however, histopathological studies and clinical signs indicate a strong resemblance to that of scrapie. Brain extracts of suspect cattle have produced disease specific structures known as scrapie-associated fibrils (SAF). SAF are attributed to infectious type agents called prions. Prions are associated with a unique protein found in brain tissue called prion protein (PrP). Because scrapie has been transmissible via filtrates, the disease agent has been thought to be a virus. However, other characteristics of the disease do not readily fit traditional virus concepts (2, 6, 8, 9, 19, 31, 49, 54). In 1979 studies were conducted by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) to attempt experimental transmission of scrapie to cattle. Approximately 30% of the inoculated cattle developed progressive neurological signs of the disease. Upon initial histological examination scrapie could not be confirmed. However, a more recent examination of the same tissues, coupled with new information, have shown PrP structures to be present (2, 79). The incubation period for the disease has also been studied. Mice inoculated with BSE brain homogenates develop neurological signs of the disease 300 to 450 days later, therefore, indicating a prolonged incubation period before onset. In cattle the incubation period has been estimated to be from 2 to 8 years. Although the onset of BSE is observed in mature cattle the prolonged incubation period indicates that exposure can and does occur in calfhood. Calves have an estimated 30 times risk of exposure than adults (2, 31, 82). To date there is no evidence of animal to animal transmission of BSE. BSE is considered a "common source" epidemic, meaning that animals contract the disease from a common element in their environment. Evidence has ruled out sources of the disease such as semen, chemicals, autosomal inheritance, biologics and pharmaceuticals. The primary suspect disease source are diets fed to cattle containing ruminant based meat and bone protein. Scrapie or BSE contaminated carcasses which are rendered for ruminant diets may account for the presence of SAF in the brain homogenates of affected cattle. The feeding of animal protein specifically derived from ruminants was ceased in the United Kingdom as of July, 1988. Results of this control effort by the United Kingdom will not be assessable before 1992 (2, 9, 20, 23, 31, 91, 97). There have been no reported cases of BSE in the United States. As a preventative measure a prohibition of importation of ruminants from the United Kingdom was implemented in July of 1989. Scrapie and other forms of spongiform encephalopathy are present in the United States, hence, the intense interest in BSE. A transmissible form of spongiform encephalopathy found in ranched mink, transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME), in the United States has been primarily attributed to the feeding of scrapie infected sheep and goat carcasses. However, cattle carcasses (also part of the ranched mink diet) are now a suspect source of TME (2, 3, 4, 83). The USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Veterinary Services program produces a Programs Alert on BSE (released in 1989) and a quarterly Foreign Animal Disease Report providing up-to-date information on diseases foreign to the United States including BSE. Copies of the Programs Alert and the Foreign Animal Disease Report may be requested from: USDA-APHIS, VS, 6505 Belcrest Drive, Room 741, Hyattsville, MD 20782. Information contained within this Special Reference brief was derived from the above publications, AGRICOLA and from a variety of other resources. All citations that are present in the collections of the National Agricultural Library (NAL) will have the appropriate NAL call number included. Citations have been organized into categories reflecting the nature of the articles represented in this brief. Categories are: general and review articles; epidemiology and diagnosis; transmission; safety and control; wildlife and ; genetics. The author wishes to extend her gratitude to Dr. Patrick McCaskey of the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service and Dr. Edwin Pilchard and Vira Milbank of USDA-APHIS Veterinary Services division for their thoughtful review and additions to this document. GENERAL AND REVIEW ARTICLES 001 "Mad Cow Disease: Uncertainty rules." J. Cherfas Science 249:1492-1493 (September 28, 1990). NAL call number: 470 SC12 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), review, issues. 002 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)." Emergency Programs Alert, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy U.S. Department of Agriculture - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Emergency Programs, Hyattsville, MD. June 1990. 3 pp. DESCRIPTORS: review, clinical signs, diagnosis, epidemiology, control, reporting. 003 "Proceedings of an international roundtable on bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Summary report and recommendations." C. L. Bolis and C.J. Gibbs Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196(10):1673 (May 15, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3 Descriptors: BSE, issues. 004 "Recommendations for initiation of research studies on bovine spongiform encephalopathy." C.J. Gibbs, Jr. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196(10):1686-1688(May 15, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3 DESCRIPTORS: scrapie agent, research projects. 005 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United States." R.F. Marsh. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196(10):1677(May 15, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3 DESCRIPTORS: scrapie agent, sheep, epidemiology. 006 "Virus-like agent blamed for mad cow disease." J. Cherfas. Science 247(4942):523(February 2, 1990). NAL call number: 470 SC12 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), scrapie agent. 007 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." C. Fear and M. Derakumar British Medical Journal: Clinical Research Edition 300(6727):817 DESCRIPTORS: electroencephalography, human. 008 "Is BSE simply scrapie in cattle?" (Correspondence) R.M. Barlow, D.J. Middleton. Veterinary Record 126(12):295(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: scrapie agent, nervous system diseases, disease transmission, bovine spongiform encephalopathy. 009 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: The need for knowledge, balance, patience and action." R. Bradley Journal of Pathology 160:283-285(1990). DESCRIPTORS: review, research assessment, future action. 010 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Taking stock of the issues." R.H. Kimberlin Nature 345(6278):763-764 (1990). NAL call number: 472 N21 DESCRIPTORS: scrapie, nervous system. 011 "Delusional bovine spongiform encephalopathy." S. Lovestone Lancet 336(8714):565 (1990). NAL call number: 448.8 L22 DESCRIPTORS: human health, case studies. 012 "Spongiform encephalopathies: Implications of recent developments. Report of a joint meeting of Sections of Comparative Medicine, Epidemiology Community Medicine and Pathology, 15 November 1989." R.E. McKerrell and H. Farmer. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 83(5):334-336(1990). NAL call number: 448.9 R814 DESCRIPTORS: nervous system diseases, scrapie, cattle diseases, sheep diseases, man, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). 013 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Correspondence) K.C. Meldrum. Lancet 335(8692):797(1990). NAL call number: 448.8 L22 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, heat, international trade, meat. 014 "Scrapie agent in muscle." (Correspondence) I. Pattison. Veterinary Record 126(3):68(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: sheep diseases, cattle diseases, muscles, scrapie agent, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). 015 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy - a new warning." [Bovine spongiforme encefalopathie (BSE), een hernieuwde oproep.] B.E.C. Schreuder. Tijdschrift voor Dierjeneeskunde 115(4):175(1990). DESCRIPTORS: neuro-disease, lentivirinae. 016 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), a review." [Bovine spongieuze encefalopathie (BSE), een overzicht.] B.E.C. Schreuder and A.D.M.E. Osterhaus Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde 115(11):507-517(1990). DESCRIPTORS: neuro-disease, review. 017 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, a review."[Bovine spongieuze enzephalopathie (BSE).] O.C. Straub Deutsches Tierarzteblatt 38(5):328-330(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 D484 DESCRIPTORS: cattle, neuro-disease, review. 018 "Link between scrapie and BSE." (Coorespondence) D. Westaway and S.B. Prusiner Nature 346(6280):113(1990). NAL call number: 472 N21 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, cattle, sheep, scrapie, epidemiology. 019 "Prion disease." R.G. Will, H. Diringer, L.R. Bridges, H. Fraser, J. Hardy, A. Goate and S.C. Araya Lancet 336(8711):369-370 (1990). NAL call number: 448.8 L22 DESCRIPTORS: creuzfeldt-jacob disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, disease surveillance. 020 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (BVA policy Paper). Veterinary Record 126(7):170-171(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: neuro-disease, public health, disease prevention. 021 "BSE in perspective." (Editorial) Lancet 335(8700):1252-1253(1990). NAL call number: 448.8 L22 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, cattle diseases, nervous system diseases, public health, cat diseases, meat. 022 Annual Report of the Institute for Animal Health 1989. UK, Agricultural and Food Research Council. Compton, Newbury and Berks. RG16 ONN, UK; Institute for Animal Health 1990. 91 pp. DESCRIPTORS: cattle, swine, sheep, poultry, disease, research, government funding, scientific survey, United Kingdom. 023 "Minister outlines extent of BSE." (News and Reports) Veterinary Record 125(24):589(December 1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, cattle, prevalence, United Kingdom. 024 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Abstract) R. Bradley. Journal of Medical Microbiology 30(2):xii(1989). NAL call number: QR1 J62 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, central nervous system. 025 "Observations on bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie (report of a visit to the UK)." M. Cooke. Surveillance 16(4):8-9(1989). DESCRIPTORS: BSE, sheep, disease incidence, United Kingdom. 026 "The latest information on bovine spongiform encephalopathy." T. Onodera, E. Momotani and T. Yoshino. Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association 42(5):303-305(1989). NAL call number: 41.9 J275 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, review. 027 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Bovine spongiform encephalopati(BSE)." S.B. Rasmussen. Dansk Veterinaertidsskrift 72(11):637-640(1989). DESCRIPTORS: central nervous system, scrapie. 028 "Report of the working party on bovine spongiform encephalopathy." Sir R. Southwood. Leaflets Unit, PO Box 21, Stanmore, Middlessex HA7 2AY, UK; Department of Health ii:35 pp(1989). DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, disease history, epidemiology, transmission, research, United Kingdom. 029 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Potential threat to Belgian cattle." [Boviene spongiforme encephalopahtie (BSE): een mogelijke bedreiging voor de Belgische veestapel?] E. Vanopdenbosch, G. Wellemans and M. Giangaspero. Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 58(3):91(1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V84 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, transmission, control. 030 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: A possible danger for Belgian cattle?" [L'encephalopathie spongiforme des bovines: un danger possible pour le cheptel belge?] G. Wellemans, E. Vanopdenbosch and M. Giangaspero. Annales de Medecine Veterinaire 133(7):623-624(1989). NAL call number: 41.8 AN78 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, feeds, meat meal, bone meal, international trade. 031 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." G.A.H. Wells. Veterinary Annual. 29:59-63(1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V6456 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, review, scrapie agent, central nervous system. 032 "BSE: Some unanswered questions." S. Wilson. Veterinary Record 125(10):279-280(1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, central nervous system. 033 "Animal health." Northern Ireland Agriculture. 48th Annual General Report of the Department of Agriculture. Year ended 31 March 1989. UK, Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, Belfast, UK; Her Majesty's Stationery office. 95-101(1989). DESCRIPTORS: cattle disease, sheep disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), Johne's disease, pulmonary adenomatosis, bovine tuberculosis, Brucellosis, vaccines, import control, disease occurrence. 034 Annual Report of the Institute for Animal Health 1988. UK, Agricultural and Food Research Council. Compton, Newbury and Berks. RG16 ONN, UK; Institute for Animal Health 1989. 77 pp. DESCRIPTORS: cattle disease, research, government funding, scientific survey, United Kingdom. 035 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (B.S.E.): A new disease?" P.J.N. Pinsent. The Bovine Practitioner 23:97-98(November 1988). NAL call number: SF779.5.A1B6. DESCRIPTORS: pathology, central nervous system. 036 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." A.H. Andrews. Veterinary Record 122(23):566-567(June 4, 1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, disease prevalence. 037 "Disease update: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (News and Reports) Veterinary Record 122(20):477-478(May 14, 1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, review. 038 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Time to take scrapie seriously." K.L. Morgan. Veterinary Record 122(18):445-446(April 30, 1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, etiology, sheep, goats, deer, feeds, offal. 039 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." G.A.H. Wells. Foreign Animal Disease Report - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Emergency Programs 16(4):97-98(Winter 1988). NAL call number: aSF601.U5 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, livestock, disease, statistics. 040 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Correspondence). M.P. Cranwell, R.D. Hancock, J.R. Hindson, S.A. Hall, N.J. Daniel, A.R. Hopkins, B. Wonnacott, M. Vivian, P. Hunt. Veterinary Record 122(8):190(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, clinical signs, behavior. 041 "Scrapie in dairy sheep and cattle." H. Fraser. Sheep Dairy News 5(3):45(1988). DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), neuro-disease. 042 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), a brief review." M.C. Horzinek. Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde 113(21):1200(1988). DESCRIPTORS: research review. 043 "Mad cows and ministers lose their heads. (Bovine spongiform encephalopathy.)" S. Pain. New Scientist 119(1625):27-28(1988). NAL call number:472 N42 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, etiology, epidemiology, scrapie, cattle, neuro-disease. 044 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: A new slow virus disease?" [Encephalopathie spongiforme bovine: une nouvelle maladie a veruis lents?] M. Savey and A.L. Parodi. Point Veterinaire 20(113):79-80(1988). NAL call number: SF 602 P6 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, neuro-disease, etiology. 045 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Correspondence). J.W. Wilesmith. Veterinary Record 122(25):614(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, commentary. 046 "Veterinary aspects of beef production. Government health scheme for cattle." Beef Yearbook 1988 - Meat and Livestock Commission Bletchley (UK): Meat and Livestock Commission, 1988, p. 99-104. NAL call number: HD9433 G7B4 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), bovine oncoviros, IBR, IPV, virus, leukosis, leptospirosis, United Kingdom. 047 Animal Health 1987. Report of the Chief Veterinary Officer. UK, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London, SW8 5DT, UK; HMSO Publications Centre, 1988. 52pp. DESCRIPTORS: disease prevalence, cattle, swine, wildlife, anthrax, swine fever, paramyxoviros, enzootic bovine leukosis, sheep scab, Aujeszky's disease, brucellosis, tuberculosis, mycobacterian bovis, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DIAGNOSES 048 "Detection of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United Kingdom." R.H. Kimberlin. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196(10):1675-1676(May 15, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, diagnosis. 049 "Ultrastructural neuropathologic features of bovine spongiform encephalopathy." P.P. Liberski. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196(10):1682(May 15, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, histopathology. 050 "Epidemiology and current status of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United Kingdom." J.W. Wilesmith. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196(10):1674-1675(May 15, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, epidemiology. 051 "Cerebrospinal fluid studies in normal cows and cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy." P.R. Scott, B.M. Aldridge, M. Clarke and R.G. Will. Veterinary Studies 146(1):88-90(January/February 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V643 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, immunological response, diagnosis. 052 "BSE in Oman." (Correspondence) D.J.P. Carolan. Veterinary Record 126(4):92(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, cattle, case study. 053 "Scrapie agent in muscle." (Correspondence) I. Pattison. Veterinary Record 126(4):92(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), scrapie, cattle, sheep. 054 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Detection and quantitation of fibrils, fibril protein (PrP) and vacuolation in the brain." A.C. Scott, G.A.H. Wells, M.J.Stack, H. White and M. Dawson. Veterinary Microbiology 23(1-4):295-304(1990). NAL call number: SF601 V44 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, pathology. 055 "Incidence of BSE." (Coorespondence) K.C. Taylor Veterinary Record 126(20):513(1990) NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, cattle, prevalence. 056 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in a cow in the United Kingdom." P.R. Scott, B.M. Aldridge, M. Clarke and R. Will. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 195(12):1745-1747(December 15, 1989). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, case study, pathology. 057 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Diagnostic significance of vacuolar changes in selected nuclei of the medulla oblongata." G.A.H. Wells, R.D. Hancock, W.A. Cooley, M.S. Richards, R.J. Higgins and G.P. David. Veterinary Record 125(21):521-524(November 18, 1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, pathology, histopathological diagnosis. 058 "Post-mortem immunodiagnosis of scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy." C.F. Farquhar, R.A. Somerville and L.A. Ritchie. Journal of Virological Methods 24(1/2):215-222(April/May 1989). NAL call number: QR355.J6 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, antisera, testing, infection. 059 "Observations on abnormal brain fibril detection in scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)." (Abstract) A.C. Scott, G.A.H. Wells, M. Stack and M. Dawson. First Congress, European Society for Veterinary Virology, Liege, Belgium, 6-7 April, 1989. DESCRIPTORS: scrapie agent, pathology. 060 "Immunoblotting and lectin binding studies of fibril protein from natural scrapie and BSE." (Abstract) H. White and M. Dawson. First Congress, European Society for Veterinary Virology, Liege, Belgium, 6-7 April, 1989. DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, scrapie. 061 "Occurrence of 14 cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in a closed dairy herd." M.H. Winter, B.M. Aldridge, P.R. Scott and M. Clarke. British Veterinary Journal 145(2):191-194(March/April 1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V643 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, diagnosis, histology, etiology. 062 "Case of BSE in the Irish Republic." (Correspondence) H. Basset and C. Sheridan. Veterinary Record. 124(6):151(1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, case report, histology, diagnosis. 063 "Suspected case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (final diagnosis: Hepatic encephalopathy)." A.F. Julian and D.J. Moore. Surveillance (Wellington) 16(4):6(1989). DESCRIPTORS: BSE, pathology, histology, liver disease. 064 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Scrapie, TME, transmissible mink encephalopathy." [Bovine Spongiform Encephalopati (BSE).] S.B. Rasmussen. Dansk Veterinaertidsskrift 72(11):637-640(1989). NAL call number: 41.9 D23 DESCRIPTORS: clinical signs, epidemiology, diagnosis, disease control, zoonoses. 065 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Diagnostic significance of vacuolar changes in selected nuclei of the medulla oblongata." G.A.H. Wells, R.D. Hancock, W.A. Cooley, M.S. Richards, R.J. Higgins and G.P. David. Veterinary Record 125(21):521-524(1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, diagnosis, histology, brain. 066 "The distribution pattern of neuronal vacuolation in bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is constant." (Abstract) G.A.H. Wells and J.W. Wilesmith. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 15(6):519(1989). DESCRIPTORS: scrapie agent, histopathology, nervous system. 067 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Epidemiological studies." J.W. Wilesmsith, G.A.H. Wells, M.P. Cranwell and J.B.M. Ryan. Veterinary Record 123(25):638-644(December 17, 1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, history, diagnosis, genetics, etiology, scrapie agent. 068 "Fibrils from brains of cows with new cattle disease contain scrapie-associated protein." J. Hope, L.J.D. Reekie, N. Hunter, G. Multhaup, K. Beyreuther, H. White, A.C. Scott, M.J. Stack, M. Dawson and G.A.H. Wells. Nature 336(6197):390-392(November 24, 1988). NAL call number: 472 N21 DESCRIPTORS: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), cattle, neuro-disease, pathogenesis 069 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in an adult British Friesian cow." P.R. Scott, B.M. Aldridge, L.A. Holmes, E.M. Milne and D.M. Collins. Veterinary Record 123(16):373-374(October 1, 1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, case report, pathology, central nervous system, clinical signs. 070 "Elevated plasma glucose concentration in a case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Correspondence.) B.M. Aldridge, P.R. Scott, L.A. Holmes, E.M. Milne and D.F. Collins. Veterinary Record 122(3):71-72(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, case report, blood glucose, encephalitis. 071 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Bull. Correspondence.) J.S. Gilmour, D. Buxton, N.S.M. Macleod, T.A. Brodie, J.B. More. Veterinary Record 122(6):142-143(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, case report, encephalitis. 072 "BSE: Not a self evident diagnosis." (Correspondence). A.R. Hopkins. Veterinary Record 122(26):639(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, cattle, lentivirinae. 073 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Blood chemistry. Correspondence.) C.T. Johnson and C.J. Whitaker. Veterinary Record 122(6):142(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, hematological analysis. 074 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Correspondence.) P.N. Pulford. Veterinary Record 122(8):190(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, artificial insemination. 075 "A novel progressive spongiform encephalopathy in cattle." G.A.H. Wells, A.C. Scott, C.T. Johnson, R.F. Gunning, R.D. Hancock, M. Jeffrey, M. Dawson and R. Bradley. Veterinary Record 121(18):419-420(1987). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, case report, clinical signs, histopathology, scrapie. TRANSMISSION 076 "Dietary transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to mice." R.M. Barlow and D.J. Middleton. Veterinary Record 126(5):111-112(February 3, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, central nervous system, histology. 077 "Preliminary evidence of the experimental transmissibility of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to cattle." M. Dawson, G.A.H. Wells and B.N.J. Parker. Veterinary Record 126(5):112-113(February 3, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, histology, neuro-disease, transmission. 078 "BSE. New fears on transmission." P. Aldhous. Nature (London) 345(6273):280(1990). NAL call number: 472 N21 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, neuro- disease, scrapie agent, meat. 079 "Experimental transmission of scrapie to cattle." C.J. Gibbs, Jr., J. Sofar, M. Ceroni, A. di Martino, W.W. Clark, J.L. Hourrigan. Lancet 335(8700):1275(1990). NAL call number: 448.8 L22 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), neuro-disease, brain, proteins, scrapie agent, experimental infection. 080 "Transmission of encephalopathies." (Coorespondence) P.H. Gibson Veterinary Record 126(10):248(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), cattle, scrapie, epidemiology. 081 "Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie to mice." (Abstract) H. Fraser, I. McConnell and G.A.H. Wells. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 15(6):590(1989). DESCRIPTORS: BSE, experimental transmission, neuropathology, central nervous system, inbred mice. 082 "Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to mice." H. Fraser, I. McConnell, G.A.H. Wells and M. Dawson. Veterinary Record 123(18):472(October 29, 1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, mouse scrapie, neuropathology. SAFETY AND CONTROL 083 "Recommendations concerning the risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United States." D.M. Asher Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196(10):1687 (May 15, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3 DESCRIPTORS: human health, cattle feed, bone meal, future research. 084 "Caesarean sections on BSE cows." (Correspondence) R.G. Eddy. Veterinary Record 126(4):92(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, birth. 085 "More on the control of bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Coorespondence) K.W.F. Jericho Canadian Veterinary Journal 31(4):252(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 R3224 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, disease control. 086 "Scrapie and human neurodengenerative diseases." (Correspondence) P.K. Lewis. Canadian Medical Association Journal 142(9):928(1990). DESCRIPTORS: man, prions, zoonoses, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), nervous system diseases. 087 "More on the control of bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Coorespondence) P.B. Little and J. Thorsen. Canadian Veterinary Journal 31(4):252-253(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 R3224 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, feeding, disease control. 088 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy. The safety of beef has not yet been tested and may not be testable." (Editorial) W.B. Matthews. British Medical Journal. 300(6722):412-413(1990). NAL call number: 448.8 B77 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, neuro-disease, creutzfeldt-jakob disease, meat. 089 "Animal production and public health." J.P. Samaille. Action Veterinaire (No. 1121-1122):3-4(1990). NAL call number: SF602 A25 DESCRIPTORS: milk hygiene, salmonella, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), listeria, zoonoses 090 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and human health." D.M. Taylor Veterinary Record 125(16):413-415(October 14, 1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, epidemiology, pathology, transmission, zoonoses. 091 "Scrapie agent decontamination: Implications for bovine spongiform encephalopathy." D.M. Taylor. Veterinary Record 124(12):291-292(March 25, 1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641. DESCRIPTORS: BSE, disease control, feed contamination, rendering. 092 "Current animal events concerning human health." K.N. Burns. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England 150:90-100(1989). DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), salmonellosis, listeria, scrapie, somatotropin, legislation, human health, zoonoses. 093 "Update on spongiform encephalopathies of animals and proposals for their prevention. Attulalita sulle encefalopatie spongiformi degli animali e proposte di intervento." F. Guarda and F. Valenza. Nuovo Progresso Veterinario 44(10):363-366,368(1989). DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), cattle, sheep, scrapie, control, review. 094 "BSE safety precautions." (Caesarean section. Correspondence). C.A. Madeiros. Veterinary Record 125(3):73(1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, birth, central nervous system. 095 "BSE safety precautions." (Caesarean section. Correspondence). K.D. Meldrum. Veterinary Record 125(3):73-74(1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, birth, central nervous system. 096 "Options for the control of scrapie in sheep and its counterpart in cattle." A.G. Dickinson and D.M. Taylor. Proceedings, 3rd World Congress on Sheep and Beef Cattle Breeding, 19-23 June 1988, Paris. Volume 1:553-564. NAL call number: SF 371.2 W67 1988 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), disease resistance, genetics. 097 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Meat inspection) (Correspondence.) J.F. Gracey. Veterinary Record 123(6):163(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, meat products, rendering, cattle, zoonoses. TOXICITY 098 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Possible toxicity link?" (Human hexachlorophene poisoning. Correspondence). C.B. Boothby. Veterinary Record 122(4):95(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, etiology, hexachlorophene. 099 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Hexachlorophane toxicity. Correspondence.) E.J. Jack. Veterinary Record 122(6):142(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, encephalitis, etiology. 100 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Hexachlorophane toxicity. Correspondence.) G.A.H. Wells and J.W. Wilesmith. Veterinary Record 122(6):142(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, etiology. WILDLIFE 101 "Antelopes die of "mad cow" disease". P. Aldhous. Nature 344(6263):183(1990). NAL call number: 472 N21 DESCRIPTORS: neuro-diseases, zoo animals, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). 102 "Spongiform encephalopathy in an eland." (Correspondence) A.J. Fleetwood and C.W. Furley. Veterinary Record 126(16):408-409(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: scrapie agent, zoo animals, case reports, neuro-disease, tragelaphus oryx, spongiform encephalopathy, antelopes, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), United Kingdom. GENETICS 103 "A study of the inheritance of susceptibility to bovine spongiform encephalopathy." W.V.S. Wijeratne and R.N. Curnow. Veterinary Record 126(1):5-8(January 6, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, heritability, scrapie agent, resistance. ADDENDUM 104 "Foreign animal disease update." P. Fernandez Foreign Animal Disease Report U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Emergency Programs 18(4):4 (in press 11/27/90). DESCRIPTORS: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), update. AUTHOR INDEX Aldhous, P. 78, 101 Aldridge, B.M. 51, 56, 61, 69 Andrews, A.H. 36 Araya, S.C. 19 Asher, D.M. 83 Barlow, R.M. 8, 76 Basset, H. 62 Beyreuther, K. 68 Bolis, C.L. 3 Boothby, C.B. 98 Bradley, R. 9, 24, 75 Bridges, L.R. 19 Brodie, T.A. 71 Burns, K.N. 92 Buxton, D. 71 BVA, 20 Carolan, D.J.P. 52 Ceroni, M. 79 Cherfas, J. 1, 6 Clark, W.W. 79 Clarke, M. 51, 56, 61 Collins, D.M. 69, 70 Cooke, M. 25 Cooley, W.A. 57, 65 Cranwell, M.P. 40, 67 Daniel, N.J. 40 David, G.P. 57, 65 Dawson, M. 54, 59, 60, 68, 75, 77, 82 Derakumar, M. 7 Dickinson, A.G. 96 diMartino, A. 79 Diringer, H. 19 Eddy, R.G. 84 Editorials, 21 Farmer, H. 12 Farquhar, C.F. 58 Fear, C. 7 Fleetwood, A.J. 102 Fraser, H. 19, 41, 81, 82 Furley, C.W. 102 Giangaspero, M. 29, 30 Gibbs, C.J. 3 Gibbs, Jr., C.J. 4, 79 Gibson, P.H. 80 Gilmour, J.S. 71 Goate, A. 19 Gracey, J.F. 97 Guarda, F. 93 Hall, S.A. 40 Hancock, R.D. 40, 57, 75 Hardy, J. 19 Higgins, R.J. 57, 65 Hindson, J.R. 40 Holmes, L.A. 69, 70 Hope, J. 68 Hopkins, A.R. 40, 72 Horzinek, M.C. 42 Hourrigan, J.L. 79 Hunt, P. 40 Hunter, N. 68 Jack, E.J. 99 Jeffrey, M. 75 Jericho, K.W.F. 85 Johnson, C.T. 73, 75 Julian, A.F. 63 Kimberlin, R.H. 10, 48 Lewis, P.K. 86 Liberski, P.P. 49 Little, P.B. 87 Lovestone, S. 11 MacLeod, N.S.M. 71 Madeiros, C.A. 94 Marsh, R.F. 5 Matthews, W.B. 88 McConnell, I. 81, 82 Mckerrell, R.E. 12 Meat and Livestock Commission (UK) 46 Meldrum, K.C. 13 Meldrum, K.D. 95 Middleton, D.J. 8, 76 Milne, E.M. 69, 70 Momotani, E. 26 Moore, D.J. 63 More, J.B. 71 Morgan, K.L. 38 Multhaup, G. 68 Onodera, T. 26 Osterhaus, A.D.M.E. 16 Pain, S. 43 Parker, B.N.J. 77 Parodi, A.L. 44 Pattison, I. 14, 53 Pinsent, P.J.N. 35 Prusiner, S.B. 18 Pulford, P.N. 74 Rasmussen, S.B. 27, 64 Reekie, L.J.D. 68 Richards, M.S. 57, 65 Ritchie, L.A. 58 Ryan, J.B.M. 67 Samaille, J.P. 89 Savey, M. 44 Schreuder, B.E.C. 15, 16 Scott, A.C. 54, 59, 68, 75 Scott, P.R. 51, 56, 61, 69, 70 Sheridan, C. 62 Sofar, J. 79 Somerville, R.A. 58 Southwood, Sir R. 28 Stack, M. 59 Stack, M.J. 54, 68 Straub, O.C. 17 Taylor, D.M. 90, 91, 96 Taylor, K.C. 55 Thorsen, J. 87 UK Agricultural and Food Research Council 22, 34 UK Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland 33 UK Ministry of Agrc. Fisheries and Food 47 USDA-APHIS 2, 39 Valenza, F. 93 Vanopdenbosch, E. 29, 30 Vivian, M. 40 Wellemans, G. 29, 30 Wells, G.A.H. 31, 39, 54, 57, 59, 65, 66, 67, 68, 75, 77, 81, 82, 100 Westaway, D. 18 Whitaker, C.J. 73 White, H. 54, 60, 68 Wijeratne, W.V.S. 103 Wilesmith, J.W. 45, 50, 66, 67, 100 Will, R. 56 Will, R.G. 19, 51 Wilson, S. 32 Winter, M.H. 61 Wonnacott, B. 40 Yoshino, T. 26
Canadian Food Inspection Agency - Animal Health - Fact Sheet -
bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or Mad Cow Disease, is aprogressive, fatal disease of the nervous system of cattle. It
http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/heasan/disemala/bseesbe.shtml
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Compiled from bovine spongiform encephalopathy(Mad Cow Disease) FACTSHEET , Agriculture and AgriFood Canada, January 1996.
http://epix.hazard.net/topics/animal/b_s_e.htm

Extractions: Bovine Spongioform Encephalopathy ( also known as BSE or "mad cow disease" ) is a progressive degenerative disease that affects to central nervous system of cattle. It belongs to a group of similar but distinct neurological diseases that include scrapie in sheep and Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD) in humans. The cause of BSE is unknown and there is no treatment for this fatal disease. BSE does not exist in Canada . Since 1986, when first diagnosed in Great Britain, BSE has profoundly affected the British cattle and beef industries. BSE has been confirmed in domestic cattle in Ireland, France, Portugal, and Switzerland, and in cattle exported from Great Britain to Oman, the Falkland Islands, germany, denmark, and Italy. Canada has experienced one case of the disease in a cow imported from Great Britain in 1987, and diagnosed with BSE six years later. The federal government immediately took extraordinary measures to deal with risks BSE might pose to other cattle in Canada. These measures included: destruction of the entire herd containing the BSE-infected cow
CJD, BSE, NvCJD Information (alias Mad Cow Disease)
A review of literature, research and historical data on these diseases, compiled under the auspices Category Science Technology BSE - bovine spongiform encephalopathyBSEInfo.Org provides BSE, CJD, CreutzfeldtJakob Disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy,variant Creutzfeldt- Jakob Disease, safety information for beef and
http://www.bseinfo.org/
Welcome To BSEInfo.org
bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Discovery. Reports of suspectedclinical cases of BSE date back to 1985. However, the disease
http://www.bseinfo.org/dsp/dsp_locationContent.cfm?locationId=1261
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)
bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)is a fatal, neurodegenerative, transmissible brain disease of cattle.
http://www.who.dk/eprise/main/WHO/Progs/FOS/Otherissues/20020402_2

Extractions: Since 1989, when the first BSE case was reported outside the United Kingdom, relatively small numbers of cases (about 1500 in total) have also been reported in native cattle in many European countries and Japan. However, all but a couple of dozen have been reported in four countries - France, Ireland, Portugal and Switzerland.
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE, Or 'mad Cow Disease')
bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, or 'mad cow disease'). The followinglink are to information from a wide variety of sources on BSE.
http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/Bse.htm
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE, Mad Cow Disease)
of humans which is invariably fatal MAY have been caused by eating beef fromcattle which were suffering from bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), has
http://www.uct.ac.za/microbiology/bsepage.htm
PhRMA Scientific And Regulatory Affairs
More News at Genomics Today More News. . bovine spongiform encephalopathy(BSE), Prions, and Disease. TOP. BSE bovine spongiform encephalopathy.
http://srpub.phrma.org/bse.html

Extractions: PhRMA Scientific and Regulatory Affairs Last Update 31 Mar 2003 Publications FDA Responses Position papers Press Releases Surveys ... Reports Issues Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Biosafety Emerging Disease ICH - International Conference on Harmonisation ... Vaccines Resources Meeting Calendars Legislation Directories Advisory Bodies Search Tools Medline News From Genomics Today Current Genomics News OHSU scientists define adult stem cell healing abilities Gene therapy study underway at Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital , Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital Electrifying claims for DNA are dashed , New Scientist EU curbs threaten British stem cell research , Times of London European Committee Supports Ban on Cloning, Stem Cell Research , Better Humans Key GM crop experiment 'lacks statistical power' , New Scientist Scientists report important data in stem cell debate , NIH/National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Genome of a major member of gut bacteria sequenced , Washington University School of Medicine Genome analysis sheds light on drug-resistant pathogen , The Institute for Genomic Research Marketing of cancer-gene test raises ethical, medical concerns

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