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The article is excerpted fromGale Encyclopedia of Medicine.

Consultthe second edition of this authoritative, comprehensive, in-depthmedical guide for information on more than 1,700 medical topics inlanguage accessible to adult laypersons. Presented in a singlealphabetical sequence, articles range in length from one or twoparagraphs for minor topics, to several pages or more for major topics.Disease/disorder articles typically cover definition; description;causes and symptoms; diagnosis; treatments; prevention; and more.Test/treatment articles typically cover definition; purposes;precautions; preparation; risks; normal and abnormal results; and muchmore. This second edition includes more than 200 new entries, 300updated entries, approximately 650 color images and illustrations, anda comprehensive subject index. New features include biographical andhistorical sidebars throughout the text.

Disease/disorder articles contain some or all of the following sections:

• Definitions -- brief dictionary-style definition of the disorder
• Descriptions -- overview of the disorder; who gets it and why
• Causes & symptoms -- process, substance or organism thatproduces the condition; any risk factors that increase susceptibilityto the condition; signs and symptoms of the disease
• Diagnosis -- overview of procedures and tests used todiagnose the condition; how the test is done; who should be tested andwhen; time required; cost; whether it's typically covered by insurance
• Treatments -- overview of conventional methods of care ormanagement of the condition, such as drugs, surgeries, physicaltherapy, etc.
• Alternative treatments -- overview of alternative/complementary therapies that may be used to treat the condition
• Prognosis -- probable outcome of the disease
• Preventions -- what actions can be taken to prevent the condition from occurring

Test/treatment articles contain some or all of the following sections:

• Definitions -- brief dictionary-style definition of the test/treatment
• Purposes -- why and when this test/treatment is prescribed
• Precautions -- when this test/treatment should not be prescribed
• Descriptions -- overview of the test/treatment including cost,length of time required, procedures followed, whether typically coveredby insurance
• Preparation -- pre-test treatment procedures, if any
• Aftercare -- post-test treatment procedures, if any
• Risks -- any complications/side effects commonly associated with the test/treatment
• Normal results -- for tests, describes the normal values; for treatments, describes the anticipated outcomes
• Abnormal results -- defines abnormal test values

Published/Released: December 2001

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This digital document is an article from Emerging Infectious Diseases, published by U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases on May 1, 2005. The length of the article is 1768 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Retinal hemorrhages in 4 patients with dengue fever.(DISPATCHES)
Author: Maciej Piotr Chlebicki
Publication: Emerging Infectious Diseases (Refereed)
Date: May 1, 2005
Publisher: U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases
Volume: 11Issue: 5Page: 770(3)

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Chapters: West Nile Virus, Flaviviridae, Yellow Fever, Dengue Fever, Japanese Encephalitis, Dengue Shock Syndrome, Hepatitis C Virus, Flavivirus, Kunjin Virus, St. Louis Encephalitis, Gb Virus C, Classical Swine Fever, Bovine Virus Diarrhea, Murray Valley Encephalitis Virus, Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever, Tick-Borne Encephalitis, Zika Virus, Pestivirus, Progress of the West Nile Virus in the United States, Deer Tick Virus, Kyasanur Forest Disease, Alkhurma Virus, Powassan Virus, Hepacivirus, Kadam Virus. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 136. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: West Nile virus (WNV) is a virus of the family Flaviviridae. Part of the Japanese encephalitis (JE) antigenic complex of viruses, it is found in both tropical and temperate regions. It mainly infects birds, but is known to infect humans, horses, dogs, cats, bats, chipmunks, skunks, squirrels, and domestic rabbits. The main route of human infection is through the bite of an infected mosquito. Image reconstructions and cryoelectron microscopy reveal a 4550 nm virion covered with a relatively smooth protein surface. This structure is similar to the dengue fever virus; both belong to the genus Flavivirus within the family Flaviviridae. The genetic material of WNV is a positive-sense, single strand of RNA, which is between 11,000 and 12,000 nucleotides long; these genes encode seven non-structural proteins and three structural proteins. The RNA strand is held within a nucleocapsid formed from 12 kDa protein blocks; the capsid is contained within a host-derived membrane altered by two viral glycoproteins. WNV has three different effects on humans. The first is an asymptomatic infection; the second is a mild febrile syndrome termed West Nile Fever; the third is a neuroinvasive disease termed West Nile meningitis or encephaliti...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=37796 ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Internal Medicine News, published by International Medical News Group on July 15, 2004. The length of the article is 497 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Dengue fever in the tropical traveler.(Infectious Diseases)
Author: Nancy Walsh
Publication: Internal Medicine News (Magazine/Journal)
Date: July 15, 2004
Publisher: International Medical News Group
Volume: 37Issue: 14Page: 40(1)

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This digital document is an article from Hawaii Business, published by Hawaii Business Publishing Co. on January 1, 2002. The length of the article is 5127 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Race for the cure: Hawaii Biotech Inc. leads in the global race for a dengue fever vaccine. (Hawaii Health Care News).(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)
Author: Jacy L. Youn
Publication: Hawaii Business (Magazine/Journal)
Date: January 1, 2002
Publisher: Hawaii Business Publishing Co.
Volume: 48Issue: 7Page: 62(2)

Article Type: Brief Article, Statistical Data Included

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This digital document is an article from Pediatric News, published by Thomson Gale on October 1, 2007. The length of the article is 462 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Studies cast doubt on steroids for dengue fever.(Infectious Diseases)
Author: Bruce Jancin
Publication: Pediatric News (Magazine/Journal)
Date: October 1, 2007
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 41Issue: 10Page: 21(1)

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A mosquito netoffers protection against mosquitos, flies, and other insects, and thus against diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, and various forms of encephalitis, including the West Nile virus, if used properly and especially if treated with an insecticide, which can double effectiveness. Its fine, see through, mesh construction stops many insects from biting and disturbing the person using the net. The mesh is fine enough to exclude these insects, but it does not completely impede the flow of air. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Health and Place, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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This paper describes a web-based multimedia spatial information system used to support a study of the re-invasion of Aedes aegypti, the mosquito vector for dengue fever, in the deserts of the southwest United States/northwest Mexico. The system was developed applying Open Geospatial Consortium and World Wide Web Consortium Open Specifications and using Open Source Software. The system creates a sensory-rich environment, one which allows users to interact with the system to explore connections among data (maps, remotely sensed images, text, graphs, 360^o panoramas and photos), visualize information, formulate their own interpretations, generate hypotheses and reach their own conclusions. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Siempre!, published by Edicional Siempre on August 28, 2002. The length of the article is 1314 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Dengue: piequete que mata: infección que transmite un mosquito. (Socied@d!).(contagio en México; campañas de prevención)(TT: Dengue fever: deadly stings and mosquito-bourne infection. (Society).)(TA: contagion in Mexico; prevention campaigns)
Author: Gabriel Jiménez
Publication: Siempre! (Refereed)
Date: August 28, 2002
Publisher: Edicional Siempre
Volume: 49Issue: 2567Page: 38(2)

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This digital document is an article from Science News, published by Science Service, Inc. on January 31, 2009. The length of the article is 488 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Courting mosquitoes match pitch to signal when they're in the mood: carriers of dengue fever virus harmonize their love songs.(Life)
Author: Laura Sanders
Publication: Science News (Magazine/Journal)
Date: January 31, 2009
Publisher: Science Service, Inc.
Volume: 175Issue: 3Page: 10(1)

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This digital document is an article from Pediatric News, published by International Medical News Group on August 1, 2010. The length of the article is 454 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Dengue fever reemerges in Florida after 75 years.(INFECTIOUS DISEASES)
Author: Roxanna Guilford-Blake
Publication: Pediatric News (Magazine/Journal)
Date: August 1, 2010
Publisher: International Medical News Group
Volume: 44Issue: 8Page: 19(1)

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Chapters: Plague, Anthrax, Marburg Virus, Botulism, Epidemic Typhus, Cholera, Yellow Fever, Lassa Fever, Dengue Fever, Q Fever, Rift Valley Fever, Phytophthora Infestans, Shigella, Tularemia, Melioidosis, Brucellosis, Chikungunya, Rihab Taha, Rinderpest, Coccidioidomycosis, Hantavirus, Francisella Tularensis, Psittacosis, Stem Rust, Magnaporthe Grisea, Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus, Newcastle Disease, Coxiella Burnetii, Fusarium Oxysporum, Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus, Argentine Hemorrhagic Fever, Biological Agent, Glanders, Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash, Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever, Mary S. Sherman, Western Equine Encephalitis Virus, Swine Brucellosis, Rocio Viral Encephalitis, Big Five Weapons, Ames Strain. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 292. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Cholera is a severe bacterial infection caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae, which primarily affects the small intestine and the main symptoms include production of profuse watery diarrhea and vomiting. Transmission is primarily by the acquisition of the pathogen through contaminated drinking water or infected food. The severity of the diarrhea and associated vomiting can lead to rapid dehydration (hypohydration) and electrolyte loss. If these are not replaced then death may follow. Aside from continuing to be a major cause of death in the world, study of cholera has been used as an example of early epidemiology. Study of the V. cholerae bacterium has also shed light on many of the mechanisms used by bacteria to infect and survive in their hosts. The primary symptom of cholera is profuse diarrhea,severe dehydration and abdominal pain. Cholera may also cause vomiting. These symptoms start suddenly, usually one to five days after infection, and are the result of a toxin produced by the vibrio cholerae b...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=7591 ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Skin & Allergy News, published by International Medical News Group on July 1, 2004. The length of the article is 467 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Dengue fever: a souvenir of tropical trips.(Clinical Rounds)
Author: Nancy Walsh
Publication: Skin & Allergy News (Magazine/Journal)
Date: July 1, 2004
Publisher: International Medical News Group
Volume: 35Issue: 7Page: 55(1)

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Dengue fever are acute febrile diseases which occur in the tropics, can be life-threatening, and are caused by four closely related virus serotypes of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. It is also known as breakbone fever. It occurs widely in the tropics, including northern Argentina, northern Australia, and the entirety of Bangladesh, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Cambodia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Samoa, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Taiwan, Thailand, Trinidad, Venezuela and Vietnam. Unlike malaria, dengue is just as prevalent in the urban districts of its range as in rural areas. Each serotype is sufficiently different that there is no cross-protection and epidemics caused by multiple serotypes (hyperendemicity) can occur. Dengue is transmitted to humans by the Aedes aegypti or more rarely the Aedes albopictus mosquito, which feed during the day. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Emerging Infectious Diseases, published by Thomson Gale on February 1, 2006. The length of the article is 1128 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Cocirculation of dengue serotypes, Delhi, India, 2003.(dengue hemorrhagic fever is in progression)
Author: Lalit Dar
Publication: Emerging Infectious Diseases (Magazine/Journal)
Date: February 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 12Issue: 2Page: 352(2)

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This digital document is an article from Revista de Biología Tropical, published by Thomson Gale on September 1, 2006. The length of the article is 2387 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Scanning electron microscopy of the four larval instars of the Dengue fever vector Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).
Author: Stefan Schaper
Publication: Revista de Biología Tropical (Magazine/Journal)
Date: September 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 54Issue: 3Page: 847(6)

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This digital document is an article from Emerging Infectious Diseases, published by U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases on August 1, 2009. The length of the article is 3523 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Dengue 1 virus and dengue hemorrhagic fever, French Polynesia, 2001.(RESEARCH)(Disease/Disorder overview)
Author: Bruno Hubert
Publication: Emerging Infectious Diseases (Magazine/Journal)
Date: August 1, 2009
Publisher: U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases
Volume: 15Issue: 8Page: 1265(6)

Article Type: Disease/Disorder overview

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This digital document is an article from Emerging Infectious Diseases, published by U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases on October 1, 2008. The length of the article is 802 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Recent shift in age pattern of dengue hemorrhagic fever, Brazil.(LETTERS)
Author: Maria Gloria Teixeira
Publication: Emerging Infectious Diseases (Magazine/Journal)
Date: October 1, 2008
Publisher: U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases
Volume: 14Issue: 10Page: 1663(1)

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This digital document is an article from Semana, published by Spanish Publications, Inc. on August 25, 2000. The length of the article is 501 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: El dengue mortal.(fiebre)(TT: Deadly dengue.)(TA: fever)
Publication: Semana (Magazine/Journal)
Date: August 25, 2000
Publisher: Spanish Publications, Inc.
Volume: 6Issue: 391Page: 28

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