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Hyperparathyroidism is overactivity of the parathyroid glands resulting in excess production of parathyroid hormone PTH. The parathyroid hormone regulates calcium and phosphate levels and helps to maintain these levels. Excessive PTH secretion may be due to problems in the glands themselves, in which case it is referred to as primary hyperparathryroidism and which leads to hypercalcemia raised calcium levels. It may also occur in response to low calcium levels, as encountered in various situations such as vitamin D deficiency or chronic kidney disease; this is referred to as secondary hyperparathyroidism. In all cases, the raised PTH levels are harmful to bone, and treatment is often needed. Recent evidence suggests that Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency plays a role in the development of hyperparathyroidism. ... Read more

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Musculoskeletal Quick Facts Small Bone and Joint Facts An Introduction to Small Bones and JointsPurposeUnmet NeedsThe Small Bone and Joint Orthopaedic Surgeon The Podiatric SurgeonSmall Bone and Joint ProceduresSmall Bone and Joint Anatomy and Pathologies An Overview of Small BonesThe SkeletonGeneral Skeletal AnatomySmall BonesSmall Bone AnatomyBone CompositionBone FormationBone StructureBone MetabolismBone RemodelingBone DynamismWolff's LawAn Overview of Small JointsGeneral Joint AnatomySmall JointsSmall Joint AnatomyCommon Disorders of Small BonesOsteoporosisHyperparathyroidismPaget's DiseaseAvascular NecrosisFracturesCommon Disorders of Small JointsPeriarticular Joint DisordersArticular Joint DisordersDegenerative Joint Disease/OsteoarthritisTraumatic Articular InjurySeptic ArthritisGoutPseudogout/Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition DiseaseRheumatoid ArthritisPsoriatic ArthritisEntrapment NeuropathyImpingement Syndromes Treating Small Bones and JointsSmall Bone and Joint Treatment OptionsMedicationCOX-2 Inhibitor WarningArthroscopyOsteotomyCarpal/Tarsal Tunnel ReleaseTendon InterpositionFusionArthroplastyA Typical Small Joint Arthroplasty ProcedureComplications of Joint ReplacementTrauma in Small Bones and JointsFracture TreatmentClosed ReductionOpen ReductionExternal FixationBiologics and Bone Stimulation for Small Bones and JointsResorbable TechnologiesBone GraftAutograftVascularized GraftsAllograftSynthetic Bone Graft SubstitutesThe Future of Tissue Technology and Tissue RegenerationBone Growth StimulationCartilage Growth StimulationExtracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Small Bone and Joint Definitions and TerminologyCommonly Used Small Bone and Joint Terms ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, 3rd ed., brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 697 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.The third edition of this authoritative, comprehensive, in-depth medical guide features information on medical topics in language accessible to adult laypersons. Disease/disorder articles typically cover definition; description; causes and symptoms; diagnosis; treatments; prevention; and more. Test/treatment articles typically cover definition; purposes; precautions; preparation; risks; normal and abnormal results; and much more. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Pamphlet by: National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, published by National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases on April 1, 1989. The length of the article is 3104 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. (pamphlet)
Publication: Pamphlet by: National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (Pamphlet)
Date: April 1, 1989
Publisher: National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases
Page: p1(7)

Article Type: pamphlet, Topic Overview

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This digital document is an article from Gale Encyclopedia of Surgery, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 1022 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.Written by experts in the field, this encyclopedia covers surgical procedures and related topics, such as anesthetics, medications, and postoperative care. Entries include definition, purpose, demographic information, diagnosis/preparation, aftercare, risks, morbidity, and mortality rates, alternatives, and more. ... Read more

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The “Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health” is an alphabetically arranged five-volume set of more than 850 entries written for students and professionals in the field. Topics include body systems and functions, conditions and common diseases, issues and theories, techniques and practices, and devices and equipment. The Encyclopedia covers all major health professions, including nursing, physical therapy, occupational therapy, respiratory therapy, medical lab technology, emergency medical technology, dental assistance, pharmacology and nutrition, and features appendices of related organizations, agencies and associations.

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This digital document is an article from Ear, Nose and Throat Journal, published by Thomson Gale on September 1, 2006. The length of the article is 2113 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: The 'sentinel clot' sign in spontaneous retropharyngeal hematoma secondary to parathyroid apoplexy.
Author: George Koulouris
Publication: Ear, Nose and Throat Journal (Magazine/Journal)
Date: September 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 85Issue: 9Page: 606(3)

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This digital document is an article from Family Practice News, published by Thomson Gale on March 15, 2007. The length of the article is 492 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Hyperparathyroid-related cognitive dysfunction improves with surgery.(Metabolic Disorders)
Author: Bruce Jancin
Publication: Family Practice News (Magazine/Journal)
Date: March 15, 2007
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 37Issue: 6Page: 23(1)

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The article is excerpted fromGale Encyclopedia of Medicine.

Consultthe second edition of this authoritative, comprehensive, in-depthmedical guide for information on more than 1,700 medical topics inlanguage accessible to adult laypersons. Presented in a singlealphabetical sequence, articles range in length from one or twoparagraphs for minor topics, to several pages or more for major topics.Disease/disorder articles typically cover definition; description;causes and symptoms; diagnosis; treatments; prevention; and more.Test/treatment articles typically cover definition; purposes;precautions; preparation; risks; normal and abnormal results; and muchmore. This second edition includes more than 200 new entries, 300updated entries, approximately 650 color images and illustrations, anda comprehensive subject index. New features include biographical andhistorical sidebars throughout the text.

Disease/disorder articles contain some or all of the following sections:

• Definitions -- brief dictionary-style definition of the disorder
• Descriptions -- overview of the disorder; who gets it and why
• Causes & symptoms -- process, substance or organism thatproduces the condition; any risk factors that increase susceptibilityto the condition; signs and symptoms of the disease
• Diagnosis -- overview of procedures and tests used todiagnose the condition; how the test is done; who should be tested andwhen; time required; cost; whether it's typically covered by insurance
• Treatments -- overview of conventional methods of care ormanagement of the condition, such as drugs, surgeries, physicaltherapy, etc.
• Alternative treatments -- overview of alternative/complementary therapies that may be used to treat the condition
• Prognosis -- probable outcome of the disease
• Preventions -- what actions can be taken to prevent the condition from occurring

Test/treatment articles contain some or all of the following sections:

• Definitions -- brief dictionary-style definition of the test/treatment
• Purposes -- why and when this test/treatment is prescribed
• Precautions -- when this test/treatment should not be prescribed
• Descriptions -- overview of the test/treatment including cost,length of time required, procedures followed, whether typically coveredby insurance
• Preparation -- pre-test treatment procedures, if any
• Aftercare -- post-test treatment procedures, if any
• Risks -- any complications/side effects commonly associated with the test/treatment
• Normal results -- for tests, describes the normal values; for treatments, describes the anticipated outcomes
• Abnormal results -- defines abnormal test values

Published/Released: December 2001

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This digital document is an article from Family Practice News, published by Thomson Gale on May 1, 2006. The length of the article is 571 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Postop PTH test unnecessary when calcium is normal.(Metabolic Disorders)(parathyroid hormone)
Author: Jeff Evans
Publication: Family Practice News (Magazine/Journal)
Date: May 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 36Issue: 9Page: 19(1)

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