Book Description
The article is excerpted fromGale Encyclopedia of Medicine.

Consult the second edition of this authoritative, comprehensive, in-depth medical guide for information on more than 1,700 medical topics in language accessible to adult laypersons. Presented in a single alphabetical sequence, articles range in length from one or two paragraphs for minor topics, to several pages or more for major topics. Disease/disorder articles typically cover definition; description; causes and symptoms; diagnosis; treatments; prevention; and more. Test/treatment articles typically cover definition; purposes; precautions; preparation; risks; normal and abnormal results; and much more. This second edition includes more than 200 new entries, 300 updated entries, approximately 650 color images and illustrations, and a comprehensive subject index. New features include biographical and historical sidebars throughout the text.

Disease/disorder articles contain some or all of the following sections:

• Definitions -- brief dictionary-style definition of the disorder
• Descriptions -- overview of the disorder; who gets it and why
• Causes & symptoms -- process, substance or organism that produces the condition; any risk factors that increase susceptibility to the condition; signs and symptoms of the disease
• Diagnosis -- overview of procedures and tests used to diagnose the condition; how the test is done; who should be tested and when; time required; cost; whether it's typically covered by insurance
• Treatments -- overview of conventional methods of care or management of the condition, such as drugs, surgeries, physical therapy, etc.
• Alternative treatments -- overview of alternative/complementary therapies that may be used to treat the condition
• Prognosis -- probable outcome of the disease
• Preventions -- what actions can be taken to prevent the condition from occurring

Book Description
This digital document is an article from Clinical Psychiatry News, published by International Medical News Group on November 1, 2001. The length of the article is 503 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Impulsivity a Key Characteristic of Bipolar Disorder. ('Sine Qua Non for Mania').
Author: Carl Sherman
Publication: Clinical Psychiatry News (Magazine/Journal)
Date: November 1, 2001
Publisher: International Medical News Group
Volume: 29Issue: 11Page: 35(1)

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Book Description
This digital document is an article from The Psychological Record, published by Psychological Record on September 22, 2001. The length of the article is 4962 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: CONTROL OF IMPULSIVE CHOICE THROUGH BIASING INSTRUCTIONS.(Statistical Data Included)
Author: Douglas J. Navarick
Publication: The Psychological Record (Refereed)
Date: September 22, 2001
Publisher: Psychological Record
Volume: 51Issue: 4Page: 549

Article Type: Statistical Data Included

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Book Description
This digital document is an article from Clinical Psychiatry News, published by International Medical News Group on July 1, 2001. The length of the article is 428 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Impulsivity May Be Significant Factor in Childhood Aggression.
Author: Carl Sherman
Publication: Clinical Psychiatry News (Magazine/Journal)
Date: July 1, 2001
Publisher: International Medical News Group
Volume: 29Issue: 7Page: 33

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Book Description
This digital document is an article from Clinical Psychiatry News, published by International Medical News Group on November 1, 2001. The length of the article is 1654 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Twin Studies Suggest Genetic Link to Impulsivity: A factor in many psychiatric ills. (Candidate Gene Identified).
Author: Carl Sherman
Publication: Clinical Psychiatry News (Magazine/Journal)
Date: November 1, 2001
Publisher: International Medical News Group
Volume: 29Issue: 11Page: 1(2)

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Book Description
This digital document is an article from The Psychological Record, published by Psychological Record on June 22, 2002. The length of the article is 6104 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: This study compared laboratory models of impulsive behavior in 60 women ages 18-40. Three groups (n = 20, each) were recruited: (1) normal controls, (2) women on probation/parole without childhood aggression (Fight-), and (3) women on probation/parole with childhood aggression (Fight+). Two types of impulsivity paradigms were compared: response-disinhibition/attentional [Immediate/Delayed Memory Task (IMT/DMT)] and delayed-reward [Single Key Impulsivity Paradigm (SKIP)] models. The Fight+ group performed more impulsively, responding with more commission errors (IMT/DMT) and shorter delay choices (SKIP) compared to either the Fight- or Control groups. Compared to the SKIP, the IMT and DMT tasks had larger effect sizes and a more orderly pattern of impulsive performance differences between groups. Women classified on the basis of childhood behavior (initiating physical aggression) are behaviorally distinct on laboratory measures of impulsiveness in adulthood.

Citation Details
Title: Laboratory measures of impulsivity: a comparison of women with or without childhood aggression.(Statistical Data Included)
Author: Charles W. Mathias
Publication: The Psychological Record (Refereed)
Date: June 22, 2002
Publisher: Psychological Record
Volume: 52Issue: 3Page: 289(15)

Article Type: Statistical Data Included

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Book Description
This digital document is an article from The Psychological Record, published by Psychological Record on September 22, 1998. The length of the article is 4173 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: With animated cartoons as the reinforcer, college students repeatedly madechoices between a schedule providing 15 s of viewing followed by 75 s ofwaiting and a schedule providing 55 s of waiting followed by 25 s of viewingand then 10 s of waiting. Individual differences in choice behavior wereextreme: In the second half of the first session, on at least 70% of thetrials, 40% of subjects chose the small (15-s) reinforcer (impulsivity) and40% the large (25-s) reinforcer (self-control). Each of these subjectscontinued to choose the same schedule consistently throughout the secondsession 1 - 49 days later. A briefer small reinforcer (10-s) producedself-control in almost all subjects. Stable individual differences couldreflect an interaction between reinforcement variables and "personality."

Citation Details
Title: Impulsive choice in adults: how consistent are individual differences?
Author: Douglas J. Navarick
Publication: The Psychological Record (Refereed)
Date: September 22, 1998
Publisher: Psychological Record
Volume: 48Issue: 4Page: 665(1)

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Book Description

This second edition of the Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol, and Addictive Behavior reflects changes in the attitudes about, use, and knowledge of drugs and alcohol since the first edition published in 1995. These changes include the decrease of crack cocaine use and resurgence of heroin use; changes in laws dealing with drug use (on both the state and national levels), and new discoveries leading to a better understanding of how drugs work and what makes them addictive. More than 700 articles, written for both the student and layperson, cover the social, medical and political issues related to drugs and alcohol, as well exploring and explaining types of addiction.

Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Behaviour Research and Therapy, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Post-treatment evaluation studies of behaviour therapy (BT) for trichotillomania (TTM) have shown that BT is successful in reducing symptoms in this impulse-control disorder. The present study was aimed at investigating gain maintenance at long-term follow-up. TTM-related symptoms and other symptom characteristics were evaluated in 28 patients suffering from TTM before and after brief BT and at a 3-month and 2-year follow-up. The manual-based BT consisted of self-control procedures offered in six sessions. Pre-post effect sizes for TTM symptoms at post-treatment evaluation and at the two follow-ups were 2.91, 1.47, and .87. Compared to the post-treatment effects, the 3-month and 2-year follow-up effect sizes had decreased by 49% and 70%, respectively. Better 2-year follow-up results were associated with lower pre-treatment levels of depressive symptoms and with complete abstinence from hairpulling immediately after treatment. ... Read more

Book Description
This digital document is an article from The Psychological Record, published by Psychological Record on March 22, 2002. The length of the article is 4365 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: Thirty-two undergraduates were exposed to a fixed-interval 60-s schedule. There were extreme individual differences in postreinforcement pauses and response rates. Such individual differences persisted for 60 sessions with a total of 1200 reinforcers. The total number of errors made on the Matching Familiar Figures Test was negatively correlated with the postreinforcement pause and positively correlated with the response rate. These results demonstrate that individual differences in human fixed-interval performance are robust and reliable, and relate to impulsiveness.

Citation Details
Title: Individual differences in human fixed-interval performance.
Author: Hiroto Okouchi
Publication: The Psychological Record (Refereed)
Date: March 22, 2002
Publisher: Psychological Record
Volume: 52Issue: 2Page: 173(14)

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Book Description
This digital document is an article from Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, published by Thomson Gale on November 1, 2006. The length of the article is 4457 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Impulsive-aggression, antisocial behaviour and subclinical psychopathy: preliminary findings from an undergraduate female sample.(Australia)
Author: Tess Crawley
Publication: Psychiatry, Psychology and Law (Magazine/Journal)
Date: November 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 13Issue: 2Page: 232(11)

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This digital document is an article from Journal of Studies on Alcohol, published by Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc. on January 1, 2002. The length of the article is 6313 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: Objective: Substance misusers are often considered impulsive, but it is unclear whether impulsivity precedes substance misuse or develops as a consequence of it. Because alcohol dependence has a clear familial component, a study comparing impulsivity in nonaffected individuals who differ with respect to paternal history of alcohol dependence may provide evidence of familial vulnerability to impulsivity. Method: 122 healthy individuals participated, none of whom misused alcohol or drugs; 58 were paternal history positive (PHP) and 64 were paternal history negative (PHN) for alcohol dependence. The paternal-history groups were balanced on gender, and the four paternal-history-by-gender groups were comparable with respect to demographic features. Participants were offered choices between monetary rewards (e.g., $34) available immediately and larger rewards (e.g., $50) available after delays ranging from 1 week to 6 months. This task measures a construct of impulsivity by assessing the rates at which individuals discount rewards delayed in time. Results: Although discount rates in PHP men did not differ reliably from those in PHN men, PHP women had higher discount rates than PHN women. Post hoc contrasts revealed that PHN women had lower discount rates than the other three groups. Similar results were obtained when age, education, socioeconomic status, and scores on a measure of sociopathy were used as covariates. Conclusions: Paternal history of alcohol dependence is associated with greater discount rates among women. The lack of an effect for men may suggest different mechanisms by which risk is transmitted from alcohol-dependent fathers to daughters compared with sons. Further research examining these relations and the implications that delay discounting has for drinking and related behaviors is warranted.

Citation Details
Title: Effects of gender and family history of alcohol dependence on a behavioral task of impulsivity in healthy subjects *.
Author: Nancy M. Petry
Publication: Journal of Studies on Alcohol (Refereed)
Date: January 1, 2002
Publisher: Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.
Volume: 63Issue: 1Page: 83(8)

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Book Description
This digital document is an article from The Psychological Record, published by Psychological Record on January 1, 2000. The length of the article is 5679 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: RELIABILITY OF A MEASURE OF TEMPORAL DISCOUNTING.
Author: Cathy A. Simpson
Publication: The Psychological Record (Refereed)
Date: January 1, 2000
Publisher: Psychological Record
Volume: 50Issue: 1Page: 3

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Customer Reviews (1)

An excellent overview of child fire-setting
Dr. Gaynor is one of a handful of true experts on juvenile fire-setting in the United States.She and her colleagues are doing great service by turning out books such as this one, which help us understand and do therapy with juvenile fire-setters.This book was hard to find, but worth the wait. ... Read more

Book Description
Impulsivity and aggression have undergone considerable research scrutiny in recent years and will comprise a major research topic in psychiatry over the next decade. Violence is a public health issue of great concern and advances in our knowledge of the psychiatry of aggression and disorders of impulse control are therefore of tremendous importance. Specifically addressing diagnostic, epidemiologic, evolutionary, neurobiological, neuropsychological and legal issues, this timely text brings together a large array of diverse data to provide a unique, comprehensive and up-to-date account of this subject. Specific impulse control disorders, personality disorders, and related disorders such as self-mutilation, bulimia, substance abuse and neurological trauma are discussed. Treatment strategies—articularly psychopharmacology, new agents undergoing trials and psychological approaches—are reviewed. No single work has yet attempted to address systematically the phenomenology, neurobiology and treatment of impulsivity, aggression and disorders of impulse control. Written by leading world authorities in their field, this text will have a wide audience including researchers and clinicians in psychiatry, psychology, psychopharmacology and mental health care, as well as those in the fields of social and health policy. ... Read more

Book Description
This book, written by experts in their field, covers a range of topics from the phenomenology of aggression and impulsivity to the etiological factors and biological markers, and finally the treatments of these variables. ... Read more

Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Computers in Human Behavior, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
This study considered whether the distinction between core and peripheral criteria for behavioral addiction, previously drawn with respect to computing activities in general, applies in the specific area of Massively Multiplayer Online Game playing. Questionnaire items were administered over the Internet to 442 game players. Factor-analysis of the data supported the previous findings for computing in general. An addiction factor loaded on items tapping previously identified core criteria (conflict, withdrawal symptoms, relapse and reinstatement and behavioral salience) and a (non-pathological) engagement factor loaded on items tapping previously identified peripheral criteria (cognitive salience, tolerance and euphoria). Analysis of response frequencies supported the existence of a developmental process whereby peripheral criteria are met before core criteria. Players who might be considered addicted using a monothetic classification system involving only the core criteria were shown to spend a significantly greater amount of time playing per week than those endorsing only the peripheral criteria. It is concluded that the study supports the idea that it is inappropriate to use some of the previously used criteria for addiction when researching or diagnosing computer-related addictions. Implications of the present findings for Internet-mediated data collection methodologies are also discussed. ... Read more

Book Description
An estimated 3-50f all individuals who gamble will become compulsive gamblers. This "invisible addiction" can be financially and emotionally devastating to both the gambler and his/her family. This timely clinical manual explains why gambling is on the rise and the factors which distinguish recreational and compulsive gamblers. Mental health professionals will learn how to assess and treat compulsive gamblers using a variety of interventions: behavior therapy, inpatient treatment, family therapy, and 12-step programs. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

This is a superb book whose time is long overdue.
Gambling is one of the most rapdily spreading forms of addiction. In response, the biomedical addictions establishment has responded in its typical fashion of first denial, then quick evaluation whether these"new" patients can make the practitioner more financially comforable. Following this comes the inevitable third generation of turf squabbles, where various segments of the addictions and other interested communities attempt to cut themselves the largest portion of pie they can.

McCown & Chamberlain are brutally honest with this grim reality, as they are equally blunt regarding the multi impediments anyone with a gambling problem faces. While their review of the literature is not academically pedantic, it is sufficient to cause the run-of-the-mill clinician or even parent to give serious consideration to the idea that gambling may be the crack of the next quarter century.

However, these authors are not pessimists! Nor are they idealogues with a turf to defend. Instead they insist that only a unified campaign from the biological, behavioral, and social sciences will help those whose gambling has crossed the line from harmless hobby to life threatening addictions.

These authors argue from a morally neutral tone-despite having witnessed the horror of gambling disorders first hand. They admit that a major limitation of the effort is the mental health community has committed so resources into treatment that we lag behind progress made in other fields of addiction be a half century or more. McCown & Chamberlain are not afraid to attempt to experiment and to admit failures. They are open when they are stymied by our social policy and lack of treatment technology.Yet in the best spirit of scientist/clinicians they have faith that progress is always possible and site just enough science to make the reader convinced.

In addition to the above, their outstanding case studies, sensitivities to women and minorities, scientific ecclecticism and almost missionary sense of calling the scientific community to arms makes this book most readable.

Finally, their continued explorations into addictions as nonlinear constructs, often with a family sytstemic root, remains one of this books most fascinating hypotheses. We can only hope that these researcher scratch time somewhere to continue practicing both good science and good clinical practice. ... Read more