Product Description
This digital document is an article from Emerging Infectious Diseases, published by Thomson Gale on August 1, 2006. The length of the article is 1963 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Changing pattern of visceral leishmaniasis, United Kingdom, 1985-2004.(DISPATCHES)
Author: Aeesha N.J. Malik
Publication: Emerging Infectious Diseases (Magazine/Journal)
Date: August 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 12Issue: 8Page: 1257(3)

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This digital document is an article from Internal Medicine News, published by International Medical News Group on January 15, 2004. The length of the article is 540 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: New treatments may help achieve healing of cutaneous leishmaniasis: topical imiquimod, thermal therapy.(Infectious Deseases)
Author: Mitchel L. Zoler
Publication: Internal Medicine News (Magazine/Journal)
Date: January 15, 2004
Publisher: International Medical News Group
Volume: 37Issue: 2Page: 37(1)

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Product Description
Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites that belong to the genus Leishmania and is transmitted by the bite of certain species of sand fly. Two genera transmit Leishmania to humans: Lutzomyia in the New World and Phlebotomus in the Old World. Most forms of the disease are transmissible only from animals, but some can be spread between humans. Human infection is caused by about 21 of 30 species that infect mammals. These include the L. donovani complex with three species; the L. mexicana complex with 3 main species. The different species are morphologically indistinguishable, but they can be differentiated by isoenzyme analysis, DNA sequence analysis, or monoclonal antibodies. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form of leishmaniasis. Visceral leishmaniasis is a severe form in which the parasites have migrated to the vital organs. ... Read more

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Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites that belong to the genus Leishmania and is transmitted by the bite of certain species of sand fly. Two genera transmit Leishmania to humans: Lutzomyia in the New World and Phlebotomus in the Old World. Most forms of the disease are transmissible only from animals, but some can be spread between humans. Human infection is caused by about 21 of 30 species that infect mammals. These include the L. donovani complex with three species; the L. mexicana complex with 3 main species. The different species are morphologically indistinguishable, but they can be differentiated by isoenzyme analysis, DNA sequence analysis, or monoclonal antibodies. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form of leishmaniasis. Visceral leishmaniasis is a severe form in which the parasites have migrated to the vital organs.

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Product Description
Diseases produced by protozoan parasites are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality around the world, affecting millions of people and domestic animals. Among these diseases, leishmaniasis has become the second most common cause of death, with a very significant (42-fold) increment during the past twenty years. Due to unavailability of vaccines, failures of insecticides to control vector, measures are solely dependent upon chemotherapy. The emergence of drug resistance against presently available leishmaniasis drugs has deteriorated the situation.Unfortunately, limited information is available on biochemical and molecular mechanism that contribute to drug resistance in field isolates.In present book, mechanism of drug resistance in field isolates of Leishmania sps has also been explored. Further trypanothione reductase, a trypanosomatids target enzyme, has been cloned from L. donovani, expressed in E.coliand characterized for its properties to evaluate its potential as novel drug target.The book will open new vistas in exploitation of novel drug targets as a strategy to handle drug resistance problem of various parasitic diseases including leishmaniasis. ... Read more

Product Description
The article is excerpted fromGale Encyclopedia of Medicine.

Consultthe second edition of this authoritative, comprehensive, in-depthmedical guide for information on more than 1,700 medical topics inlanguage accessible to adult laypersons. Presented in a singlealphabetical sequence, articles range in length from one or twoparagraphs for minor topics, to several pages or more for major topics.Disease/disorder articles typically cover definition; description;causes and symptoms; diagnosis; treatments; prevention; and more.Test/treatment articles typically cover definition; purposes;precautions; preparation; risks; normal and abnormal results; and muchmore. This second edition includes more than 200 new entries, 300updated entries, approximately 650 color images and illustrations, anda comprehensive subject index. New features include biographical andhistorical sidebars throughout the text.

Disease/disorder articles contain some or all of the following sections:

• Definitions -- brief dictionary-style definition of the disorder
• Descriptions -- overview of the disorder; who gets it and why
• Causes & symptoms -- process, substance or organism thatproduces the condition; any risk factors that increase susceptibilityto the condition; signs and symptoms of the disease
• Diagnosis -- overview of procedures and tests used todiagnose the condition; how the test is done; who should be tested andwhen; time required; cost; whether it's typically covered by insurance
• Treatments -- overview of conventional methods of care ormanagement of the condition, such as drugs, surgeries, physicaltherapy, etc.
• Alternative treatments -- overview of alternative/complementary therapies that may be used to treat the condition
• Prognosis -- probable outcome of the disease
• Preventions -- what actions can be taken to prevent the condition from occurring

Test/treatment articles contain some or all of the following sections:

• Definitions -- brief dictionary-style definition of the test/treatment
• Purposes -- why and when this test/treatment is prescribed
• Precautions -- when this test/treatment should not be prescribed
• Descriptions -- overview of the test/treatment including cost,length of time required, procedures followed, whether typically coveredby insurance
• Preparation -- pre-test treatment procedures, if any
• Aftercare -- post-test treatment procedures, if any
• Risks -- any complications/side effects commonly associated with the test/treatment
• Normal results -- for tests, describes the normal values; for treatments, describes the anticipated outcomes
• Abnormal results -- defines abnormal test values

Published/Released: December 2001

Product Description
This digital document is an article from Emerging Infectious Diseases, published by Thomson Gale on February 1, 2006. The length of the article is 1213 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Congenital visceral leishmaniasis.(transmission through phlebotomine sandflies)
Author: Catharina C. Boehme
Publication: Emerging Infectious Diseases (Magazine/Journal)
Date: February 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 12Issue: 2Page: 359(2)

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This digital document is an article from Revista Cientîfica de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, published by Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias on November 1, 2009. The length of the article is 3072 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: Key words: ELISA, IFI, western blot, zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis.

Citation Details
Title: Estudio comparativo de pruebas serologicas para el diagnostico de la leishmaniasis visceral canina: Nota tecnica.
Author: Marlyn H. Romero
Publication: Revista Cientîfica de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (Magazine/Journal)
Date: November 1, 2009
Publisher: Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias
Volume: 19Issue: 6Page: 584(5)

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Product Description
This digital document is an article from BIOTECH Patent News, published by Thomson Gale on May 1, 2007. The length of the article is 861 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Infectious Disease Research Institute and Chembio to develop tests for Leishmaniasis and Leprosy.
Author: Gale Reference Team
Publication: BIOTECH Patent News (Newsletter)
Date: May 1, 2007
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 21Issue: 5

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Product Description
This digital document is an article from Skin & Allergy News, published by International Medical News Group on February 1, 2004. The length of the article is 3744 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: U.S. troops in Iraq should defer blood donations: leishmaniasis concern.(News)
Author: Miriam E. Tucker
Publication: Skin & Allergy News (Magazine/Journal)
Date: February 1, 2004
Publisher: International Medical News Group
Volume: 35Issue: 2Page: 4(1)

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Product Description
This digital document is an article from PS, the Preventive Maintenance Monthly, published by PS Magazine on June 1, 2005. The length of the article is 721 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: They came from beneath the sand!(Soldier Support ...)(leishmaniasis prevention through protective clothing)
Publication: PS, the Preventive Maintenance Monthly (Magazine/Journal)
Date: June 1, 2005
Publisher: PS Magazine
Issue: 631Page: 52(4)

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Product Description
This digital document is an article from Revista de Biologîa Tropical, published by Universidad de Costa Rica on March 1, 2009. The length of the article is 5069 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: Key words: Lutzomyia longipalpis complex, Lutzomyia pseudolongipalpis, reproductive isolation, Phlebotominae, speciation, sympatry, Venezuela.

Citation Details
Title: Aislamiento reproductivo asimetrico entre Lutzomyia pseudolongipalpis y Lutzomyia longipalpis (especie C2), vectores neotropicales de leishmaniasis visceral (Diptera: Pshychodidae).(Report)
Author: Jazzmin Arrivillaga
Publication: Revista de Biologîa Tropical (Magazine/Journal)
Date: March 1, 2009
Publisher: Universidad de Costa Rica
Volume: 57Issue: 1-2Page: 23(9)

Article Type: Report

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Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Mut.Res.-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a chronic infectious and granulomatous disease caused by the Leishmania parasite that invades the skin. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) produced during an inflammatory response are an important part of host-defense strategies of organisms to kill the parasite. However, it is not well known whether these intermediates cause DNA damage in CL patients. We investigated the effect of Leishmania infection on basal levels of DNA strand breaks and on the oxidative/anti-oxidative status of patients with CL, and compared the data with those of healthy subjects. Twenty-five CL patients and 19 age- and sex-matched control subjects were enrolled in the study. We used the single-cell gel electrophoresis (also called comet assay) to measure DNA strand breaks in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. Plasma protein carbonyl (PC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total peroxide (TP) concentrations were measured to determine oxidative status and total anti-oxidative response (TAR) in plasma was measured to determine anti-oxidative status. The mean values of DNA damage and MDA and TP concentrations were significantly higher in CL patients than in the control group (p<0.001, p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). PC levels were also higher in patients, but this was not statistically significant (p>0.05). There was a significantly positive correlation between plasma MDA and DNA damage (r=0.524, p<0.01), and a negative correlation between TAR and TP levels (r=-0.790, p<0.001) in the patient group. These findings support the notion that ROS and RNS produced by the organism as a defense strategy may amplify the leishmanicidal activity in patients with CL. However, these intermediates not only cause the killing of the parasite but also induce oxidative damage in non-infected cells. Therefore, these patients must be treated urgently to counteract the oxidative DNA damage. ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is an article from Internal Medicine News, published by International Medical News Group on January 15, 2004. The length of the article is 374 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Troops on hold as blood donors: risk of leishmaniasis.(Infectious Diseases)
Author: Miriam E. Tucker
Publication: Internal Medicine News (Magazine/Journal)
Date: January 15, 2004
Publisher: International Medical News Group
Volume: 37Issue: 2Page: 37(1)

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Product Description
This digital document is an article from Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, 3rd ed., brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 1618 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.The third edition of this authoritative, comprehensive, in-depth medical guide features information on medical topics in language accessible to adult laypersons. Disease/disorder articles typically cover definition; description; causes and symptoms; diagnosis; treatments; prevention; and more. Test/treatment articles typically cover definition; purposes; precautions; preparation; risks; normal and abnormal results; and much more. ... Read more

Product Description
This up-to-date and comprehensive set of two CD-ROM discs provides a superb collection of official Federal government documents on the subject of leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease spread by the bite of infected sand flies. There are several different forms of leishmaniasis. The most common are cutaneous and visceral. The cutaneous type causes skin sores. The visceral type affects internal organs such as the spleen, liver and bone marrow. People with this form usually have fever, weight loss and an enlarged spleen and liver. Leishmaniasis is found in parts of about 88 countries. Most of these countries are in the tropics and subtropics. It is possible but very unlikely that you would get this disease in the United States. But you should be aware of it if you are traveling to the Middle East or parts of Central America, South American, Asia, Africa or southern Europe.For patients, practical information is provided in clearly written patient education documents. For medical professionals, doctor reference tools and texts have detailed technical information and clinical background material. There is no other reference that is as fast, convenient, and portable - everything you need to know, from the federal sources you trust. This thoroughly researched collection presents vital information from many authoritative sources: Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control (CDC), National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the relevant institute for this disease, and others.In addition to the comprehensive disease-specific coverage, this disc set also includes our Medical Encyclopedia, a $19.95 value! The Encyclopedia presents a collection of official documents about a wide range of medical topics, diseases, illnesses, health and wellness. There is vital information from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), National Cancer Institute, and more. Topics covered include: major diseases, including cancer, heart and vascular disease, stroke, blood diseases and disorders, lung diseases, and neurological disorders such as dementia and epilepsy * CDC Health Topics A to Z, Foodborne Illnesses, Infants and Children, Injuries, Occupational Health, Older Adults, Women * CDC Travelers' Health - Destinations, Vaccinations, Diseases, Mosquito, Tick, Food, Water, Clinics, Yellow Book, Children, Airplanes, Cruise Ships, Special Needs, Relief Workers * Dietary Guidelines * NIH A to Z from abnormalities to X-rays.Since navigating the Internet to find additional non-governmental medical information can be confusing, we've also provided our exclusive "Guide to Leading Medical Websites" with updated links to 67 of the best sites for medical information! Built-in weblinks let you quickly check for the latest clinical updates directly from the government and the best commercial portals, news sites, reference/textbook/non-commercial portals, and health organizations. ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is an article from Emerging Infectious Diseases, published by Thomson Gale on October 1, 2006. The length of the article is 947 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Leishmaniasis in ancient Egypt and upper Nubia.(LETTERS)(Letter to the editor)
Author: Albert R. Zink
Publication: Emerging Infectious Diseases (Magazine/Journal)
Date: October 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 12Issue: 10Page: 1616(2)

Article Type: Letter to the editor

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Product Description
This digital document is an article from Emerging Infectious Diseases, published by Thomson Gale on March 1, 2006. The length of the article is 5326 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Canine visceral leishmaniasis, United States and Canada, 2000-2003.(RESEARCH)
Author: Zandra H. Duprey
Publication: Emerging Infectious Diseases (Magazine/Journal)
Date: March 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 12Issue: 3Page: 440(7)

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Product Description
This digital document is an article from Emerging Infectious Diseases, published by Thomson Gale on October 1, 2005. The length of the article is 2093 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Canine leishmaniasis, Italy.(diseases of endemic diseases)
Author: Ezio Ferroglio
Publication: Emerging Infectious Diseases (Magazine/Journal)
Date: October 1, 2005
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 11Issue: 10Page: 1618(3)

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Product Description
This digital document is an article from Emerging Infectious Diseases, published by Thomson Gale on September 1, 2007. The length of the article is 1625 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Recurrent American cutaneous leishmaniasis.(LETTERS)(Clinical report)
Author: Jean-Pierre Gangneux
Publication: Emerging Infectious Diseases (Magazine/Journal)
Date: September 1, 2007
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 13Issue: 9Page: 1436(3)

Article Type: Clinical report

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