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Recognition and management of valvular heart disease have evolved considerably in the past two decades, thanks in large part to advances in echocardiography. In this article, Drs Harris and Robiolio summarize the initial patient assessment, diagnostic procedures, and treatment options for mitral regurgitation, aortic insufficiency, mitral stenosis, and aortic stenosis. ... Read more

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The article is excerpted fromGale Encyclopedia of Medicine.

Consultthe second edition of this authoritative, comprehensive, in-depthmedical guide for information on more than 1,700 medical topics inlanguage accessible to adult laypersons. Presented in a singlealphabetical sequence, articles range in length from one or twoparagraphs for minor topics, to several pages or more for major topics.Disease/disorder articles typically cover definition; description;causes and symptoms; diagnosis; treatments; prevention; and more.Test/treatment articles typically cover definition; purposes;precautions; preparation; risks; normal and abnormal results; and muchmore. This second edition includes more than 200 new entries, 300updated entries, approximately 650 color images and illustrations, anda comprehensive subject index. New features include biographical andhistorical sidebars throughout the text.

Disease/disorder articles contain some or all of the following sections:

• Definitions -- brief dictionary-style definition of the disorder
• Descriptions -- overview of the disorder; who gets it and why
• Causes & symptoms -- process, substance or organism thatproduces the condition; any risk factors that increase susceptibilityto the condition; signs and symptoms of the disease
• Diagnosis -- overview of procedures and tests used todiagnose the condition; how the test is done; who should be tested andwhen; time required; cost; whether it's typically covered by insurance
• Treatments -- overview of conventional methods of care ormanagement of the condition, such as drugs, surgeries, physicaltherapy, etc.
• Alternative treatments -- overview of alternative/complementary therapies that may be used to treat the condition
• Prognosis -- probable outcome of the disease
• Preventions -- what actions can be taken to prevent the condition from occurring

Test/treatment articles contain some or all of the following sections:

• Definitions -- brief dictionary-style definition of the test/treatment
• Purposes -- why and when this test/treatment is prescribed
• Precautions -- when this test/treatment should not be prescribed
• Descriptions -- overview of the test/treatment including cost,length of time required, procedures followed, whether typically coveredby insurance
• Preparation -- pre-test treatment procedures, if any
• Aftercare -- post-test treatment procedures, if any
• Risks -- any complications/side effects commonly associated with the test/treatment
• Normal results -- for tests, describes the normal values; for treatments, describes the anticipated outcomes
• Abnormal results -- defines abnormal test values

Published/Released: December 2001

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This digital document is an article from Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, 3rd ed., brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 1600 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.The third edition of this authoritative, comprehensive, in-depth medical guide features information on medical topics in language accessible to adult laypersons. Disease/disorder articles typically cover definition; description; causes and symptoms; diagnosis; treatments; prevention; and more. Test/treatment articles typically cover definition; purposes; precautions; preparation; risks; normal and abnormal results; and much more. ... Read more

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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Endocarditis, Infective Endocarditis, Aortic Valve Stenosis, Mitral Regurgitation, Mitral Valve Prolapse, Aortic Insufficiency, Mitral Stenosis, Mitral Valve Replacement, Aortic Valve Area Calculation, Tricuspid Insufficiency, Valvular Heart Disease, Ross Procedure, Pulmonary Valve Stenosis, Heart Valve Dysplasia, Tricuspid Valve Stenosis, Libman-Sacks Endocarditis, Loeffler Endocarditis, Myxomatous Degeneration, Valve Replacement. Excerpt:mitral regurgitation and tricuspid insufficiency Aortic insufficiency Aortic insufficiency ( AI ), also known as aortic regurgitation ( AR ), is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole , from the aorta into the left ventricle . Aortic insufficiency can be due to abnormalities of either the aortic valve or the aortic root (the beginning of the aorta ). Etiology About half of the cases of aortic insufficiency are due to the aortic root dilatation ( annuloaortic ectasia ), which is idiopathic in over 80 % of cases, but otherwise occurs with aging and hypertension , Marfan syndrome , aortic dissection , and syphilis . In about 15 % the cause is innate bicuspidal aortic valve , while another 15 % cases are due to retraction of the cusps as part of postinflammatory processes of endocarditis in rheumatic fever and various collagen vascular diseases . Additionally, aortic insufficiency has been linked to the use of some medications belonging to the class of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRI's,) specifically medications containing fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine isotopes, and dopamine agonists . Physiology In individuals with a normally functioning aortic valve, the valve is only open when the pressure in the left ventricle is higher than the pressure in th... ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Family Practice News, published by International Medical News Group on December 15, 2004. The length of the article is 572 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: One in 9 seniors has valvular heart disease.(Cardiovascular Medicine)
Author: Mitchel L. Zoler
Publication: Family Practice News (Magazine/Journal)
Date: December 15, 2004
Publisher: International Medical News Group
Volume: 34Issue: 24Page: 16(1)

Distributed by Thomson Gale ... Read more

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There is a need for all medical practitioners to be aware of the signs and symptoms of valve disease. The management of valvular disease is dominated by thorough investigations and optimum treatment. Valvular Heart Disease in Clinical Practice provides a toolkit for clinicians to guide them in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with suspected valvular heart disease. Algorithms and flow diagrams are included to give the reader an illustrated snapshot of the decisions involved in the management of these patients.

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Subtitle: A Proposal to Check Rheumatic Endocarditis in Its Early Stage and Thus Prevent the Development of Permanent Organic Disease of the ValvesGeneral Books publication date: 2009Original publication date: 1900Original Publisher: ClaySubjects: Health ... Read more