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French Mathematicians:     more detail

The French Mathematician: A Novel by Tom Petsinis, 2000-04-01 The French Mathematician by Tom Petsinis, 1997 Fourier: is this French mathematician the true father of modern engineering?: An article from: Mechanical Engineering-CIME by Eugene F. Adiutori, 2005-08-01 The French Mathematician by Tom Petsinis, 1998 The influence of French mathematicians at the end of the eighteenth century upon the teaching of mathematics in American colleges by Lao Genevra Simons, 1931 Proceedings of the International Congress of MathematiciansMoscow, 1966.[Text varies- Russian, English, French & German] by I G Petrovsky, 1968 Fabre and mathematics, and other essays (Scripta Mathematica library) by Lao Genevra Simons, 1939

lists with details

1. French Vocabulary For Mathematicians
   A List of My FAVORITE french mathematicians Cauchy's contributions to mathematics make him one of the most important mathematicians of the nineteenth century.  
   http://pfeinsil.c-math1.siu.edu/frvoc.html
   
   Extractions: Write down the corresponding English and submit to check your answers. It will count how many matches you have. Then, try again. After some practice, go to the answer page and click the entries to see the French/English pairs and additional comments. anneau application base biunivoque champ composante continu convergence corps courbure crochet croissant droite endomorphisme ensemble entier exposant Part II Part III Answers

2. The Scientist - French Lament Decline Of Mathematics
   A number of young french mathematicians have left the country, oftencoming to the United States. Quipped Marcel Berger, director  
   http://www.the-scientist.com/yr1988/feb/dorozynski_p5_880222.html
   
   Extractions: Date: February 22, 1988 PALAISEAU, FRANCE—France takes great pride in its mathematical tradition. But its position has slipped since the days of Blaise Pascal, Pierre Fermat, Evariste Galois and the fictitious Bourbaki. Frenchman have collected five of 30 Fields medals awarded by the International Mathematicians' Congress since 1950, but only one has come in the past 20 years. And the number of mathematicians has declined precipitously since the 1970s, triggering a shortage that threatens the country’s position in a technology-based world economy. The problem was the subject of a December meeting here sponsored by the French Mathematics Society and the Society of Applied and Industrial Mathematics. Attendees cited a lack of interest by students, low pay, a dearth of attractive jobs and a significant brain drain as causes, and at the end of the meeting promised a report to attract the government’s attention. A somber harbinger was seen in a list of 2,269 mathematicians kept by the Higher University Council. A mere 139—6 percent—were born in 1950 or later. Teaching careers are so unattractive to graduates that the admission mark for the primary school teaching examination has been lowered to 3.5 out of a possible 20. The change has turned those who would have flunked math into teachers of the subject.

3. 1775 French Edition Of Instituzioni
   Why would such famous french mathematicians as d'Alembert and Condorcet urge the Académie Royale des Sciences to  
   http://instructional1.calstatela.edu/sgray/Agnesi/1775FrenchEdition/1775FrenchEd

4. France, Land Of Mathematicians
   through the Association for the Dissemination of French Thought (ADPF), a major exhibitionwith the title Mathematics and Contemporary french mathematicians .  
   http://www.france.diplomatie.fr/label_france/ENGLISH/SCIENCES/mathematiciens/mat
   
   Extractions: Little known by the general public, the French school of mathematics is the heir to a long tradition and occupies one of the very top positions in the world. The Bourbaki Group "This ancient French tradition" "remained practically uninterrupted up to our time, except in the period that followed the First World War: indeed, a number of young academics from all disciplines were killed. (...) It was the founding of the Bourbaki group that made it possible to reestablish a tradition that was in the process of disappearing." The Elements of Mathematics, In contrast to its German counterpart, its great pre-war rival, the French mathematical community did not emerge completely stifled from the Second World War. On the contrary, greatly stimulated by the intellectual excitement that the Bourbakists and a few independent thinkers, such as Jean Leray, continued to sustain, France was, when peace returned, to accumulate honours. Most notably, between 1950 and 1966, it picked up one third of the Fields medals The Paris region, a veritable "Mathematics Valley"

5. Some Contemporaries Of Descartes, Fermat, Pascal And Huygens
   Offers brief biographical sketches of the mathematicians who helped, argued with, contradicted, and supported their more famous colleagues. business to be acquainted and correspond with the french mathematicians of that date and many of their foreign  
   http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/17thCentury/RouseBall/RB_Math17C.htm
   
   Extractions: From `A Short Account of the History of Mathematics' (4th edition, 1908) by W. W. Rouse Ball. Bachet Mersenne Roberval Van Schooten ... Rolle was born at Bourg in 1581, and died in 1638. He wrote the , of which the first edition was issued in 1612, a second and enlarged edition was brought out in 1624; this contains an interesting collection of arithmetical tricks and questions, many of which are quoted in my Mathematical Recreations and Essays . He also wrote , which exists in manuscript; and a translation of the Arithmetic of Diophantus. Bachet was the earliest writer who discussed the solution of indeterminate equations by means of continued fractions. Marin Mersenne , born in 1588 and died at Paris in 1648, was a Franciscan friar, who made it his business to be acquainted and correspond with the French mathematicians of that date and many of their foreign contemporaries. In 1634 he published a translation of Galileo's mechanics; in 1644 he issued his Cogita Physico-Mathematica , by which he is best known, containing an account of some experiments in physics; he also wrote a synopsis of mathematics, which was printed in 1664.

6. Mathematicians
   History of Mathematicsthis site links to information about several of the mathematicians including Archimedes, Georg Cantor, Euclid, Leonard of Pisa (Fibonacci), Emmy Noether, and Zeno. English Mathematicians. french mathematicians. Lewis Carroll Homepage  
   http://www.ramona.k12.ca.us/rhs/rhslmc/math/mathematicians.htm
   
   Extractions: Mathematicians General Reference Biographical Index includes biographies about: Apollonius, Archimedes, Charles Babbage, The Bernoulli family, Lewis Carroll, Georg Cantor, Christopher Clavius, Diophantes, Eratosthenes, Euclid, Pierre de Fermat, Leonard Pisano Fibonacci, Evaroste Galois, Carl Friedrich Gauss, Sophie Germain, Heron, Hypathia, Yang Hui, Felix Klein, Sofia Kovalevskaya, Leonardo da Vinci, Ada Byron Lovelace, August Mobius, Augustus de Morgan, John von Neumann, Emmy Noether, Pythagoras, Michael Stifel, Thales, Grace Chisolm Young, Zeno, Zhu Shi-jie. History of Mathematics this site links to information about several of the mathematicians including Archimedes, Georg Cantor, Euclid, Leonard of Pisa (Fibonacci), Emmy Noether, and Zeno. History of Mathematics this site hyperlinks to several sites related to the mathematicians on your list. Some of these links are: Zeno's Paradox of Motion, Archimedes and the Square Root of 3, Euclid's Plan and Proposition 6, Franklin's Magic Squares, and On Gauss's Mountains. Interactive Mathematics Miscellany and Puzzles examples of the theories put forth by many of the mathematicians can be located here. Some examples include: Apollonius, Archimedes, Cantor, Euclid, Heron, Moebius, and Pythagorius

7. Favorite French Mathematicians
   A List of My FAVORITE french mathematicians Cauchy, AugustinLouis(1789-1857). Cauchy's contributions to mathematics make him one  
   http://www.jazzie.com/sds/reference/mathematicians/french.html
   
   Extractions: Cauchy's contributions to mathematics make him one of the most important mathematicians of the nineteenth century. His work includes almost 800 papers covering vast areas of mathematics, but the singular contribution which makes him one of my favorites was his work using a precise concept of the limit of a sequence. It's possible Cauchy was the first to comprehend the implications of this concept's modern definition. (Briefly, that sequence a has the limit l if, for any epsilon no matter how small, there is some N such that, for all n greater than N , the n th term of a lies within epsilon of l Laplace , Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Some people believe Laplace should be remembered primarily for his , a five volume work on planetary motion. Others feel he should be remembered for his contributions to the theory of probability. They may be right, but I think first of the linear transform which bears his name. The amazing properties of the Laplace transform (and its inverse) can be used to solve some systems of linear differential equations by transforming them into the Laplace domain, performing simple algebraic operations on them there, and then applying the inverse Laplace transform to obtain the solution in the original domain. Pascal , Blaise

8. Borel
   This work, along with that of two other french mathematicians, Rene Baire and HenriLebesgue, marked the beginning of the modern theory of functions of a real  
   http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Borel.html
   
   Extractions: Emile Borel Borel created the first effective theory of the measure of sets of points. This work, along with that of two other French mathematicians, Rene Baire and Henri Lebesgue , marked the beginning of the modern theory of functions of a real variable. Borel, although not the first to define the sum of a divergent series, was also the first to develop (1899) a systematic theory for a divergent series. In 1909 he was appointed to a chair of Theory of Functions created for him at the Sorbonne. In 1918 he received the Croix de Guerre for his efforts during the war. In addition, he published (1921-27) a series of papers on game theory and became the first to define games of strategy.

9. Indo-French Cooperation In Mathematics
   Foreign Affairs is provided, which enables two french mathematicians to visit Pondicherry University and give lectures  
   http://iml.univ-mrs.fr/infrcoop/agreement
   
   Extractions: agreement A tripartite cooperation agreement has been signed between the Universities of Pondicherry Poitiers and Paris VI in november 1993. Each year a support from the french Minstry of Foreign Affairs is provided, which enables two french mathematicians to visit Pondicherry University and give lectures there, and two or three indian mathematicians to visit France for one month each. A report on this programm has been written by Professor P. Jothilingam Under this programm Mrs Gayatri came to France to prepare a thesis under the supervision of In the following visits took place: In the other direction

10. Indo-French Cooperation In Mathematics
    Each year a support from the french Minstry of Foreign Affairs is provided, whichenables two french mathematicians to visit Pondicherry University and give  
    http://www.math.tifr.res.in/mirrors/iml.univ-mrs.fr/infrcoop/agreement.html
    
    Extractions: agreement A tripartite cooperation agreement has been signed between the Universities of Pondicherry Poitiers and Paris VI in november 1993. Each year a support from the french Minstry of Foreign Affairs is provided, which enables two french mathematicians to visit Pondicherry University and give lectures there, and two or three indian mathematicians to visit France for one month each. A report on this programm has been written by Professor P. Jothilingam Under this programm Mrs Gayatri came to France to prepare a thesis under the supervision of In the following visits took place: In the other direction

11. Les Math(e)s
    french mathematicians on Stamps. Click here for a first day cover of Cauchy.Jean le Rond, Blaise, René and a dutch visitor from the previous century.  
    http://wwwhome.math.utwente.nl/~jagersaa/La_France/

12. People
    Directory of french mathematicians at Mathematical Institutions.Index of Members of the Deutsche MathematikerVereinigung (DMV).  
    http://www.math-net.org/more/people
    
    Extractions: and the Association for Women in Mathematics (AWM) Members Directory of the Australian Mathematical Society (Aust MS) ... (St.P MS) World Directory of Mathematicians: Slovak Edition Index of members of the Swiss Mathematical Society (Swiss MS) Directories and Lists of Mathematical Communities with Special Mathematics Interests Computational Geometers Computational Geometers Graph Theory White Pages Search The ... optimization community Genealogy Projects The Mathematics Genealogy Project (information about mathematical people , alive or dead) research collaboration among mathematicians) ... theoretical computer scientists Last Update: 2002-11-14

13. French Mathematics
    In 1886 the fact that Sofia had made a significant breakthrough in her workwas a fact known to many of the more prominent french mathematicians.  
    http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Projects/Ellison/Chapters/Ch13.html
    
    Extractions: (A Short Break) Mittag-Leffler viewed mathematics very much as an international enterprise, and so it was because of both him and her work for Acta Mathematica Charles Hermite Mittag-Leffler Weierstrass and Sofia as, the mutual admiration society of mathematics in the late nineteenth century. In 1886 the fact that Sofia had made a significant breakthrough in her work was a fact known to many of the more prominent French mathematicians. At this time she managed to clarify the situation with regard to the use of theta functions in the solution of the fixed point problem, and was greatly assisted by the ideas of Weierstrass on ultra-elliptic integrals. It was becoming increasingly clear to everyone at this time that Sofia and her work would never receive the recognition which they deserved due largely to her sex. As a result the French mathematical community decided to honour her as best they could. The Prix Bordin The Prix Bordin was the second most prestigious in a very long line of awards given out by the French Academy of Sciences. The prominent French mathematicians of the time felt as though Sofia deserved some kind of reward for her work, and the

14. Read This: A Mathematician Grappling With His Century
    during World War II. Schwartz found his way to ClermontFerrand, wheremany french mathematicians had relocated. Life as a Jewish  
    http://www.maa.org/reviews/grappling.html
    
    Extractions: by Laurent Schwartz "Many people nowadays seem to consider scientists, mathematicians and others, like people uninterested in moral questions, locked away in their ivory towers and indifferent to the outside world," writes Laurent Schwartz, winner of the Fields Medal in 1950, in his autobiography A Mathematician Grappling with His Century What Schwartz grappled with was the social and political issues that wracked France, Europe and the world in the mid-20th century. Chapter titles of this remarkable story include Trotskyist, The War against the Jews, Algerian Involvement, For an Independent Viet Nam, The Distant War in Afghanistan. The reader will find few theorems in this book. Except for a brief discussion on Schwartz's most important mathematical contribution, the concept of distributions, which generalized the notion of function and allowed for a considerable broadening of calculus, most of the math in this book is written from a historical perspective and largely accessible to non-mathematical readers. As Schwartz writes, mathematics "concerns only about 15% of the volume." What concerns the rest is Schwartz's great passion besides mathematics: his devotion to the struggle for oppressed people and for human rights.

15. Read This: The Mathematician Sophus Lie
    lucky. He met, and impressed, Felix Klein, and on a journey to Francein 187071 also impressed several french mathematicians. This  
    http://www.maa.org/reviews/audacity.html
    
    Extractions: by Arild Stubhaug Mathematically-inclined readers of this book should probably read it alongside Tom Hawkins' excellent book The Emergence of the Theory of Lie Groups: An Essay in the History of Mathematics 1869-1926 (New York: Springer-Verlag, 2000). That book is a masterly and thorough account of Lie's ideas, their original formulation, their immediate reception, and the way it became transformed into the theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras that plays such a central role in modern mathematics. This book is an equally thorough and masterly account of Lie's life. Like Stubhaug's previous book , on Abel, this one is handsomely printed, well illustrated, and exhaustively researched. Stubhaug has taken the bold decision to say almost nothing technical about Lie's mathematics. While this may well be right for his original Norwegian readership, because short accounts of what Lie did are notoriously obscure, this does mean that he never even explains that what Lie called a group is not a group in the modern sense at all. The book is written in sections that introduce various themes, themselves presented chronologically, which gives it a slightly repetitive feel that also has its virtues. The balance of the Norwegian matter, which is done is rich detail, to French and German matter, necessarily covered in less detail, is very well struck. The translation reads very well, and when German or French has been translated it is usually done well (I did wonder about the use of capitals, and some mathematical terms come across uncertainly). But it is a fine example of a biography of a mathematician. There are not enough of those, and there are many mathematicians to go round, so we can hope that others will come along with Stubhaug's energy and skill. For in these pages you may indeed meet, and enjoy the company of, the mathematician Sophus Lie.

16. History Of Algebra
    Important contributions to their study were made by the french mathematicians Galoisand Augustin Cauchy, the British mathematician Arthur Cayley, and the  
    http://www.algebra.com/algebra/about/history/
    
    Extractions: Word Problems Solve and practice cracking word problems. The history of algebra began in ancient Egypt and Babylon, where people learned to solve linear ( ax b ) and quadratic ( ax bx c ) equations, as well as indeterminate equations such as x y z , whereby several unknowns are involved. The ancient Babylonians solved arbitrary quadratic equations by essentially the same procedures taught today. They also could solve some indeterminate equations. The Alexandrian mathematicians Hero of Alexandria and Diophantus continued the traditions of Egypt and Babylon, but Diophantus's book Arithmetica is on a much higher level and gives many surprising solutions to difficult indeterminate equations. This ancient knowledge of solutions of equations in turn found a home early in the Islamic world, where it was known as the "science of restoration and balancing." (The Arabic word for restoration, al-jabru

17. Oc
    ABSTRACT. It is well known that the pseudonym Nicolas Bourbaki wasintroduced by a group of french mathematicians in the 30thes.  
    http://mmf.ruc.dk/mathnet/bourbaki.htm
    
    Extractions: Previous events: The Bourbaki Seminar ABSTRACT It is well known that the pseudonym Nicolas Bourbaki was introduced by a group of French mathematicians in the 30thes. Bourbaki - or the French mathematicians - believed that French mathematics fell behind especially German mathematics. They wanted to remedy this by writing a modern textbook in mathematical analysis. Originally, this undertaking was thought to be rather modest but it grew into a hugeproject, which during the years has resulted in a comprehensive system of monographs concerning the most general and abstract structures in modern mathematics. INVITED SPEAKERS Leo Corry , Tel Aviv University 1. A Pre-historical Overview 2. Structures and Categories Adrian Mathias , Universidad de los Andes 3. Godement's Negative Message 4. Growth in Two Directions

18. In Mandelbrot's Midst - Part 1 - Fractal Forerunners
    Back in the 1930's, this group, primarily composed of the brightest french mathematicians,began as a club, holding secret meetings in Strasbourg, France, to  
    http://arttech.about.com/library/weekly/aa073099.htm

19. About IUM
    students of the University have the opportunity to spend one month at ENS (in Paris),studying under the advisorship of leading french mathematicians; and the  
    http://www.mccme.ru/english/ium/general.html
    
    Extractions: To the IUM main page The Independent University of Moscow was founded in 1991 on the initiative of a group of well-known mathematicians who now comprise its Academic Council. This group includes the following members of the Russian Academy of Sciences: V.I.Arnold (the chairman of the Council), S.P.Novikov, Ya.G.Sinai, L.D.Faddeev, Professor A.A.Beilinson, R.L.Dobrushin, B.A.Dubrovin, A.A.Kirillov, A.N.Rudakov, V.M.Tikhomirov, A.G.Khovansky, M.A.Shubin. Professors P.Deligne and R.MacPherson also played crucial roles in the founding of the University, as did the well-known instructor and organizer of mathematical olympiads, N.N.Konstantinov. In December of 1996, the first seven graduates of the University received their diplomas. The University is a private institution of higher learning for the training of professional mathematicians. Its founding orginzation is the Moscow Center for Continuous Mathematical Education. Since 1993, the University has offered a (three-year) graduate program. Currently, the following academic advisors work with graduate students in the University: Professor A.I.Bondal, V.A.Vasilev, A.G.Vitushkin, M.I.Vishik, Yu.S.Ilyashenko, A.M.Levin, A.N.Parshin, B.L.Feigin, M.V.Finkelberg, M.A.Tsfasman. The University has completed an agreement to collaborate with the well-known French institution of higher learning, Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS). Each year there is an academic exchange: the best undergraduate and graduate students of the University have the opportunity to spend one month at ENS (in Paris), studying under the advisorship of leading French mathematicians; and the University, in turn, opens its doors to students from ENS.

20. IMU Bulletin No. 42, Special Issue
    Postage stamps A list of mathematicians has been submitted to the Post Office foran issue, in the year 2000, of six stamps portraying french mathematicians.  
    http://emis.icm.edu.pl/mirror/IMU/bulletin/42/wmy2000.html

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