Paper 6 Sem IV Through lecture and prepared notes, the topic ay be discussed and the contributionof great indian mathematicians may be emphasised. Activities. http://www.punjabeducation.org/SCERT/DIET/etts6iv.htm
Extractions: Paper 6 Sem IV Unit-16 Historical development of numbers and geometry contribution of aryabhatt. Brhamgupta, Mahavir Bhaskar, Ramanujan. Mode of Transaction Through lecture and prepared notes, the topic ay be discussed and the contribution of great Indian mathematicians may be emphasised. Activities Student teachers may collect materials on Indian mathematicians from books, newspapers, magazine etc. and prepare. Album . The contributions of Indian Mathematician may be discussed I mathematics club. Concept of congruency, conditions of congruency of two triangles, concept of similarity of geometric figure such as triangle, Quardilaterals in General. Mode of Transaction The development of concepts should be done through illustrative paper pieces, wooden triangle etc. Share divided, brokerage, value of share and debenture. Use of ready recknor and calculators, upto VIII class syllabus. Mode of transaction The share certificates and debentures will be shown to the student if they are available . Otherwise ,the cut pieces from the newspapers may be used , Calculations of interest will be done with the help of pupil -teachers, or pupil teacher will be exposed to read or specimen of share debenture.
*Concerns Of Young Mathematicians* || Research If you haven't heard yet, three indian mathematicians have found a `polynomialtime' algorithm which determines whether or not a large integer is prime. http://www.youngmath.net/concerns/section/Research
Extractions: Front Page News Job Search Grad Life ... Diaries Welcome to the Scoop Edition of the *Concerns of Young Mathematicians* The *Concerns of Young Mathematicians* is an electronic digest for discussions of the issues of concern to mathematicians at the beginning of their careers. Visit our homepage at http://www.youngmath.net Sign up as a member, participate in discussions, and get free email forwarding with the address username@youngmath.net Research Functional MRI Study of Calculus Problem Solving Posted on Sat Dec 7th, 2002 at 12:41:15 PM PDT [Editor's note: although it is our practice not to run job advertisements in the *Concerns*, this is perhaps the most unusual job advertisement we have ever been asked to run.] Researchers at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), are conducting research studies of the cognitive processes underlying the solving of algebraic math problems. You will be asked to mentally solve a variety of integral calculus problems and then complete a follow-up questionnaire. The full announcement is posted at http://youngmath.net/Documents/2002/Spampinato/
Extractions: England Probably there is no subject which offers such possibilities for misunderstanding between teacher and pupil as mathematics does. The teacher stands at the blackboard. It is perfectly clear to him what the symbols mean, and what the conclusion can be drawn from them.. It is completely otherwise with many of the pupils. What the symbols are meant to represent, how the teacher knows what is right and what is wrong, what is the object of the whole business anyway - all this is wrapped in mystery. The great majority of students say to themselves, " We shall never learn this stuff, but we want to get through the exam. We'll have to learn it by heart ." This is not a satisfactory state of affairs. This learning by heart not only imposes a quite unnecessary strain on the student; it is also quite useless. It gives neither an understanding of the subject, nor the power to apply mathematics in ordinary life. The more we can see things from the pupil's point of view, the better teachers we shall be.And the first question in the pupil's mind is, "
On Wisconsin the Greeks. Later, indian mathematicians calculated the value to ninedecimal places. Greek influence is evident in the document. http://www.uwalumni.com/onwisconsin/summer02/laska.html
Extractions: Letters On Wisconsin Magazine welcomes letters from our readers. The editors reserve the right to edit letters for length or clarity. Please mail comments to On Wisconsin, 650 North Lake Street, Madison WI 53706; fax them to (608) 265-8771; or e-mail them to WAA@uwalumni.com In the article titled "A Muslim's Jihad" in the Winter 2001 edition of On Wisconsin , some statements are made which are not entirely correct. In particular, on page 37, it states that in the last part of the first millennium and the first part of the second, "Islam produced the world's leading scientists, mathematicians, architects, and artists." It may be considered only a minor discrepancy, but this implies that all the leading scientists, etc., were produced by Islam. The words "many of" should be inserted between "produced" and "the" to make the statement true. Another statement is completely inaccurate. Muslims did not
Al-Khwarizmi And Algebra mathematics. In Baghdad, scholars encountered and built upon the ideasof ancient Greek and indian mathematicians. (Illustration http://www.ualr.edu/~lasmoller/aljabr.html
Extractions: (Illustration source: http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Al-Khwarizmi.html Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi lived in Baghdad in the early ninth century. Baghdad at that time was a cultural crossroads, and, under the patronage of the Abbassid caliphs, the so-called House of Wisdom at Baghdad produced a Golden Age of Arabic science and mathematics. In Baghdad, scholars encountered and built upon the ideas of ancient Greek and Indian mathematicians. (Illustration source: http://www.silk-road.com/maps/images/Arabmap.jpg There, al-Khwarizmi encountered the Indian numeral system (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9), and he wrote a treatise on what we call Arabic numerals. It was translated into Latin in the twelfth century as Algoritmi de numero Indorum (that is
The History Of The Pythagorean Theorem Ancient indian mathematicians also knew the Pythagorean theorem, andthe Sulbasutras (of which the earliest date from ca. 800600 http://www.ualr.edu/~lasmoller/pythag.html
Extractions: The Pythagorean theorem takes its name from the ancient Greek mathematician Pythagoras (569 B.C.?-500 B.C.?), who was perhaps the first to offer a proof of the theorem. But people had noticed the special relationship between the sides of a right triangle long before Pythagoras. The Pythagorean theorem states that the sum of the squares of the lengths of the two other sides of any right triangle will equal the square of the length of the hypoteneuse, or, in mathematical terms, for the triangle shown at right, a + b = c . Integers that satisfy the conditions a + b = c are called "Pythagorean triples." (Illustration source: http://www.cs.ucla.edu/~klinger/dorene/Gif/math1pic1.gif Ancient clay tablets from Babylonia indicate that the Babylonians in the second millennium B.C., 1000 years before Pythagoras, had rules for generating Pythagorean triples , understood the relationship between the sides of a right triangle, and, in solving for the hypoteneuse of an isosceles right triangle, came up with an approximation of accurate to five decimal places. [They needed to do so because the lengths would represent some multiple of the formula: 1
INDIAN MATHEMATICS (Web Pages) By Antreas P. Hatzipolakis Srinivasa Ramanujan Aiyanga URL http//home.att.net/~sprasad/math.htm NoteBiographies of other indian mathematicians at St Andrews Archive http//www http://mathforum.org/epigone/math-history-list/skixvoxspoi
Extractions: Subject: INDIAN MATHEMATICS (Web Pages) Author: xpolakis@hol.gr Date: Thu, 28 May 1998 22:22:58 +0200 INDIAN MATHEMATICS Vedic Mathematics URL1: http://www.jiva.org/observe/vedicmat/vedicmat.html http://www.silverleaf.com/jiva/observe/vedicmat/vedicmat.html Swami B. B. Visnu: Mathematics and the Spiritual Dimension URL: http://www.gosai.com/chaitanya/vishnu_mj/articles/math/index.html Ramesh Mahadevan: Easy as PI (Based on true incidents) URL: http://www.image-in-asian.com/ramesh_m/ramesh10.html Krishna Kunchithapadam: Extracting the digits of pi from the SlOka http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~krisna/misc/pi.html Meera Nanda: The Science Wars in India URL: http://www.astro.queensu.ca/~bworth/Reason/Sokal/Commentary/nanda.html Excerpt: Hindu nationalists have heeded the call for "decolonizing" science, and responded with aggressive propaganda for "Hindu ways of knowing," which they present as the locally embedded alternative to the alien and colonizing Western science. The two examples of the right's "Hinduization" of science and politics that I will discuss - - the introduction of Vedic mathematics in public schools and the spread of "Vastu shastra" (ancient Indian material science) - - do indeed meet the criteria of decolonized science advocated by left theorists: both are opposed to "Eurocentric Northern" ways of knowing; both are "situated knowledges" of non-Western people. Joseph's Discussion of the Sriyantra URL:
My-India.Net: India's Premier Portal - Indian Science Mathematics site on school maths, CBSE, ICSE and other boards, universities, Competitive exams,jokes and puzzles, vedic maths, ancient indian mathematicians, Mathsclubs. http://www.my-india.net/dir/Science_and_Environment/Mathematics/
Stan The Statistician Claims made by banks and credit card companies about the security of their computersystems have been left in tatters by three indian mathematicians and a 13 http://www.adweb.co.uk/stan/
Extractions: Current Stan Archive Stan Work in the media? Struggle with statistics? Stan's irreverent (and often irrelevant) review of the latest media reports, news and gossip may not help at all... Census revelations March 2003 Mavis the mathematician has complained that I have not updated my page recently. Well, I have a life - and there has been a dearth of good material coming my way. The UK National Lottery Campaign starring comedian and erstwhile actor, Billy Connolly, was voted the most irritating ad of 2002 - quite an honour to be distinguished from so many other dire offerings. Claims made by banks and credit card companies about the security of their computer systems have been left in tatters by three Indian mathematicians and a 13 line computer program. Encryption systems rely on prime numbers (as you know) thousands of digits long. It takes huge computer power to analyse these numbers to see if they are divisible. But mathematicians from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kanpur have developed a new system. Surprisingly simple, it showed how any number could be checked in just a few minutes to see if it is divisible. Is this a market opportunity? Old mathematicians never die. They simply count for less.
Kamat's Potpourri: Alberuni's India Alberuni not only studied Sanskrit literature, but also met many aindian mathematicians and philosophers. It is rather ironic that http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/itihas/alberuni.htm
Extractions: Alberuni in India Last updated: March 02,2003 I n 1017 A.D., at the behest of Sultan Mahmud of Persia, Alberuni (a.k.a. Al-Biruni) traveled to India to learn about the Hindus, "and to discuss with them questions of religion, science, and literature, and the very basis of their civilization". He remained in India for thirteen years, studying, and exploring. Alberuni's scholarly work has not gotten the great recognition it deserves. Not for nearly eight hundred years would any other writer match Alberuni's profound understanding of almost all aspects of Indian life [1]. Alberuni was a true genius he was renowned as a mathematician, and an astronomer prior to his India mission and has successfully captured the the time and meaning of India in his writings. For instance he gives the Hindu's concept of God in Chapter II of his Tarikh al-Hind (History of India) which is astonishingly faithful to the complex definitions the Hindus believe in. Alberuni not only studied Sanskrit literature, but also met many a Indian mathematicians and philosophers. It is rather ironic that some of the the most comprehensive study of India of the middle ages is performed by an Islamic scholar. In his notes we not only find elaborate descriptions of travel tales, but also discussions of divinity, literature, and mathematical equations.
Pachyderms And Pentiums, An Indian Point Of View times in the past. In the field of mathematics, the numeral zero wasinvented by indian mathematicians. The Ayurveda system of medicine http://www.siue.edu/ALESTLE/library/fall99/aug.26/pachyderms.html
Extractions: Dear Editor, This is with regard to the frequently asked questions about India by people who are just curious to know more about it. We are delighted that you have agreed to publish this, and on behalf of the Indian students at SIUE, we extend our heartfelt gratitude. It's not just a jungle but another Silicon Valley in the making. We're talking about India where it's not just the elephants stomping around or the snakes rattling under your feet, but Windows NT catering to billion-dollar corporations and Dolby Stereo kicking in that extra bit of bass sound. The majority of the Indian students have been faced with the following questions: "Do you really have snake charmers and cobras in your country?" "Have you guys ever seen cable TV?" "Do you live in real homes or tree houses?" "Are your parents going to marry you off to a total stranger? What if he/she is a weirdo?". Ah well, this letter is an earnest attempt to do away with some of these misconceptions. Once when the maharajahs (kings) ruled over India, it was one of the wealthiest countries in the world. Indian civilization is ancient, like the Egyptian culture. Religious scriptures have blessed the people of India with a sense of spirituality. Indian scientists of ancient times have envisioned the design of an aircraft which was eventually invented by the Wright brothers. Not to discredit the Wright brothers but to enlighten the reader that India was ahead of its times in the past. In the field of mathematics, the numeral zero was invented by Indian mathematicians. The Ayurveda system of medicine, yoga, Kama Sutra, martial arts, music, dance and architecture have flourished in India for centuries.
KUVIYAM-English - Technology Renaissance. Probably the most celebrated indian mathematicians belongingto this period was Aaryabhat.a, who was born in 476 CE. http://www.kuviyam.com/b001r06/tech.htm
Extractions: Zero and the Place Value System Far more important to the development of modern mathematics than either Greek or Indian geometry was the development of the place value system of enumeration, the base ten system of calculation which uses nine numerals and zero to represent numbers ranging from the most minuscule decimal to the most inconceivably large power of ten. This system of enumeration was not developed by the Greeks, whose largest unit of enumeration was the myriad (10,000) or in China, where 10,000 was also the largest unit of enumeration until recent times. Nor was it developed by the Arabs, despite the fact that this numeral system is commonly called the Arabic numerals in Europe, where this system was first introduced by the Arabs in the thirteenth century. Rather, this system was invented in India, where it evidently was of quite ancient origin. The Yajurveda Samhitaa, one of the Vedic texts predating Euclid and the Greek mathematicians by at least a millennium, lists names for each of the units of ten up to 10 to the twelfth power (paraardha). (Subbarayappa 1970:49) Later Buddhist and Jain authors extended this list as high as the fifty-third power, far exceeding their Greek contemporaries, who lacking a system of enumeration were unable to develop abstract mathematical concepts.
History Of Maths Great male mathematicians! Focus on a period or a region eg indian mathematicians;Euler and how Mathematics and art are linked; p ; Pythagoras and his theorem. http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/ufa10/history of maths.htm
Extractions: History of Mathematics An opportunity for pupils to appreciate the human element in creating the Mathematics we know today. Pupils should have a chance to do some research for themselves and present their results to others. The presentation could be: A brief History of Maths Every culture on earth has developed some mathematics. In some cases, this mathematics has spread from one culture to another. Now there is one predominant international mathematics, and this mathematics has quite a history. It has roots in ancient Egypt and Babylonia, then grew rapidly in Ancient Greece. Mathematics written in ancient Greek was translated into Arabic. About the same time some mathematics of India was translated into Arabic. Later some of this mathematics was translated into Latin and became the mathematics of Western Europe. Over a period of several hundred years it became the mathematics of the world. There are other places in the world that developed significant mathematics, such as China, southern India, and Japan. They are interesting to study but the mathematics of the other regions has not had much influence on current international mathematics.
Solutions For Homework 3 indian mathematicians developed techniques of multiplication and long divisionusing the power of the fully positional notation in their number system. http://www.math.ohio-state.edu/~goldstin/math504/sol3.html
Extractions: Elements Remarks The paragraph above should not be viewed as typical of student answers or expected student answers. It would, of course, receive full credit from me, and includes most of the points I was seeking in reading your answers. I did not give full credit to answers that failed to make some reference to the logical structure of Greek mathematics, which is not only the most significant difference between Greek and other ancient mathematics but also the most important legacy to future mathematicians. Given that the question asked you to distinguish Greek mathematics from Egyptian and Mesopotamian mathematics, some of you spent a surprising proportion of your answer discussing the latter two civilizations, sometimes giving more of a contrast between the Egyptians and the Babylonians than between either and the Greeks. Besides the fact that I posed the question as I did, the fact that I spent four times longer on the Greeks than on the Egyptians and Mesopotamians combined should have been a clue about their relative historical significance to mathematics. Many papers claimed that the Greeks used a positional number system. While technically this is true, the standard Ionic number system only used positions for quantities greater than 1000, the smaller numbers being represented by a Greek-alphabetic equivalent of Egyptian hieratic numerals, so that Greek arithmetic was not aided by the number system used. Astronomers used Mesopotamian numerals, but this system does not appear to have been in wide use outside of the astronomical community.
Posting Board indian mathematicians Devised New Algorithm to Detect Prime NumbersProfs. Manindra Agarwal, Neeraj Kayal, and Nitin Saxena of http://www.aaari.org/posting_board.htm
Extractions: Home Up Vietnam Lang-Culture South Asian Lang-Culture ... Current Programs [ Posting Board ] Poets' Page AA Conference 2003 Conference Back ... Next AAARI Asian American / Asian Research Institute The City University of New York Posting Board # On Thursday, November 14, 7pm, Poets House presents poet Meena Alexander speaking on the lineage of love poetry produced by Indian writers from 600 B.C. to today. The event is $7 or free for members, and takes place at Poets House, 72 Spring St., Second floor, in SoHo, (212) 431-7920. Meena Alexander was born in Allahabad, India. She is the author of numerous books, including two novels, the memoir Fault Lines, and several collections of poetry, most recently Illiterate Heart. Her work has been translated into German, Italian, Swedish, Spanish, French, Arabic, Malayalam, Urdu and Hindi. She lives in New York City, where she is Distinguished Professor of English at Hunter College and the Graduate Center at the City University of New York. This program is one of over 50 on-site literary events that Poets House presents each year in addition to hundreds more at satellite library sites throughout the five boroughs of New York City. For more information about these events, please contact Poets House, located in Manhattan's SoHo district at 72 Spring Street, near Broadway, (212) 431-7920.
Count On - Museum Famous indian mathematicians are Aryabhata, who wrote a summary ofHindu mathematics in AD 499. which was all written in poetry. http://www.mathsyear2000.org/museum/floor3/gallery9/gal2_2p2.html
Extractions: A quadrant is quite a common type of mathematical instrument. It is also one of the oldest types of mathematical instrument. Quadrant literally means 'quarter of a circle'. Quadrants are most often used to measure the height of the sun or a star above the horizon. This measurement is called the 'altitude' of the sun or the star in question. Another measurement that quadrants can be used for is called the 'zenith distance'. This is the angular distance of the sun or star from a point directly above the head of the person making the measurement. The word 'zenith' refers to the point in space directly above the head of an observer. Zenith comes from an Arabic word. The fact that it is a term used in modern astronomy shows just how much of modern astronomy originally came from Arabic astronomers . The opposite of zenith is 'nadir'. Nadir also comes from an Arabic word. Nadir means the point in space directly below the observer. Quadrants are usually used to measure angles, or to take a measurement that is mathematically dependant on an angle in some way. Both altitude and zenith distances are measured in angles. The altitude of the sun or a star and the zenith distance of the sun or a star are mathematically related to each other. They are complementary angles. This means that one of them is ninety degrees minus the other one. Although quadrants are common mathematical instruments, this quadrant is very unusual. Only one other quadrant like it exists. It has numbers on it that are to do with the lengths of shadows cast by the sun, as well as scales that show the signs of the
COLLECTED PAPERS OF V K PATODI Cambridge) MS Narasimhan (ICTP) Vijay Kumar Patodi was a brilliant indian mathematicianswho made, during his short life, fundamental contributions to the http://www.wspc.com/books/mathematics/3099.html
Extractions: Vijay Kumar Patodi was a brilliant Indian mathematicians who made, during his short life, fundamental contributions to the analytic proof of the index theorem and to the study of differential geometric invariants of manifolds. This set of collected papers edited by Prof M Atiyah and Prof Narasimhan includes his path-breaking papers on the McKeanSinger conjecture and the analytic proof of RiemannRochHirzebruch theorem for Kähler manifolds. It also contains his celebrated joint papers on the index theorem and the AtiyahPatodiSinger invariant. Contents: Curvature and the Eigenforms of the Laplace Operator An Analytic Proof of RiemannRochHirzebruch Theorem for Kaehler Manifolds Curvature and the Fundamental Solution of the Heat Operator On the Heat Equation and the Index Theorem Holomorphic Lefschetz Fixed Point Formula Spectral Asymmetry and Riemannian Geometry Spectral Asymmetry and Riemannian Geometry, I, II, III
Bhaskaracharya the equation. Picture of Goladhyaya. Bhaskara was somewhat of a poetas were many indian mathematicians at this time. Here is couple http://www.math.sfu.ca/histmath/India/12thCenturyAD/Bhaskara.html
Extractions: Bhaskaracharya otherwise known as Bhaskara is probably the most well known mathematician of ancient Indian today. Bhaskara was born in 1114 A.D. according to a statement he recorded in one of his own works. He was from Bijjada Bida near the Sahyadri mountains. Bijjada Bida is thought to be present day Bijapur in Mysore state. Bhaskara wrote his famous Siddhanta Siroman in the year 1150 A.D. It is divided into four parts; Lilavati (arithmetic), Bijaganita (algebra), Goladhyaya (celestial globe), and Grahaganita (mathematics of the planets). Much of Bhaskara's work in the Lilavati and Bijaganita was derived from earlier mathematicians; hence it is not surprising that Bhaskara is best in dealing with indeterminate analysis . In connection with the Pell equation, x^2=1+61y^2, nearly solved by Brahmagupta , Bhaskara gave a method ( Chakravala process ) for solving the equation.
