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Axelrod Julius:     more detail

The Pineal Gland and Its Endocrine Role (Nato a S I Series Series a, Life Sciences) by NATO Advanced Study Institute on the Pineal Gland and Its Endocrine Role (1982 : Ettore Majorana Center), F. Fraschini, et all 1983-08 PHILOSOPHY OF MEDICINE AND SCIENCE - Problems and Perspectives by [Dr. Julius Axelrod ] ; Compiled by Dept of Philosophy of Medicine, 1972 JAN EVANGELISTA PURKYNE by Vladislav ; and Mikulas Teich; [Dr. Julius Axelrod ] Kruta, 1962 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY - Problems in Evaluation by Jonathan O. ; and Ralph W. Gerard ; [ Dr. Julius Axelrod ] Cole, 1959 CHINA MEDICINE AS WE SAW IT by Joseph R. (editor); [Dr. Julius Axelrod ] Quinn, 1974 CEREBRAL FUNCTION, METABOLISM AND CIRCULATION by David H. Ingvar, Niels A. Lassen, et all 1977 PERSPECTIVES IN NEUROPHARMACOLOGY: A TRIBUTE TO JULIUS AXELROD by Julius Axelrod, 1972 Neurotransmitters (Scientific American offprints) by Julius Axelrod, 1974 Commencement address by Julius Axelrod, 1982 The Harvey Lectures:Delivered under the Auspices of The Harvey Society of New York(1971-1972) by Julius Axelrod, 1973 EPINEPHRINE IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM by Jon M. ; D.C. U'Pricherd; Kjell Fuxe ; [ Dr. Julius Axelrod ] Stolk, 1988

lists with details

1. Julius Axelrod Winner Of The 1970 Nobel Prize In Medicine
   julius axelrod, a nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology and Medicine, at the nobelPrize Internet Archive. julius axelrod. 1970 nobel Laureate in Medicine  
   http://almaz.com/nobel/medicine/1970c.html

2. Index Of Nobel Laureates In Medicine
   LISTING OF nobel PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE. Name, Year Awarded.Adrian, Lord Edgar Douglas, 1932. Arber, Werner, 1978. axelrod, julius, 1970.  
   http://almaz.com/nobel/medicine/alpha.html

3. Medicine 1970
   The nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970. Sir Bernard Katz, Ulf vonEuler, julius axelrod. 1/3 of the prize, 1/3 of the prize, 1/3 of the prize.  
   http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1970/

4. Julius Axelrod - Biography
   Health. julius axelrod married Sally Taub in 1938; they have two children.From nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 19631970.  
   http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1970/axelrod-bio.html
   
   Extractions: From 1933 to 1935 he was Laboratory Assistant at the Department of Bacteriology of New York University Medical School ; from 1935-1946 he was Chemist at the Laboratory of Industrial Hygiene; 1946-1949, Research Associate, Third New York University Research Division, Goldwater Memorial Hospital ; 1949-1950, Associate Chemist, Section on Chemical Pharmacology, National Heart Institute , NIH; 1950-1953, Chemist, National Heart Institute, NIH, where he became Senior Chemist in 1953, and was appointed Chief of the Section on Pharmacology, Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Health Services and Mental Health Administration, Department of Health, Education and Welfare in 1955. The following honors and awards were granted to Dr. Axelrod: National Science Foundation Travel Award, 1958; Corresponding Member of the German Pharmacological Society, 1959; International Physiological Union Travel Award, 1961; Otto Loewi Memorial Lecture, New York University Medical School, 1964; Distinguished Research Award, Assoc. Res. Nerv. Mental Diseases, 1965; Karl E. Paschkis Memorial Lecture, Philadelphia Endocrine Society, 1966; Honorary Sc.D.

5. Nobel Prize And After
   Profiles in Science The julius axelrod Papers. The NobelPrize and Public Science after 1970 Documents.  
   http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/HH/Views/Exhibit/documents/prize.html

6. Nobel Prize And After: Visuals
   The julius axelrod Papers. The nobel Prize and Public Science after 1970 Visuals. axelrod,ca. 1970 Metadata Record julius axelrod receiving the nobel Prize.  
   http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/HH/Views/Exhibit/visuals/prize.html

7. Press Release: Papers Of Nobel Laureate Julius Axelrod Added To "Profiles In Sci
   Press Release Papers of nobel Laureate julius axelrod Added to Profilesin Science Web Site. FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE May 2, 2000,  
   http://www.nlm.nih.gov/news/press_releases/axelrodpr00.html
   
   Extractions: publicinfo@nlm.nih.gov (Bethesda, Md.) According to a recent ABC News poll, one of every eight adults in the US has taken Prozac or a similar drug to help relieve anxiety or depression. That they can do so is the result of research by Dr. Julius Axelrod in the 1960's. His work enabled pharmaceutical firms to create anti-depressants like Prozac. Prozac and other similar drugs are called SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) because they prevent certain actions of chemicals, called neurotransmitters, in the brain. "Axelrod did not invent Prozac, but he discovered how early antidepressant drugs work in the brain, and he coined the term 'reuptake' to describe those actions," says Dr. Alexa McCray who directs the Profiles in Science project at the National Library of Medicine. Dr. Julius Axelrod, a Nobel laureate, is the fourth scientist to be added to NLM's "Profiles in Science" website (

8. Finding Aid To The Julius Axelrod Papers, 1915-1998
   16, 16, julius axelrod Distinguished Lectures in Neuroscience of the Raymond and 16,17, nobel Laureate Revisiting Lectures, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 1987.  
   http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/manuscripts/ead/axelrod.html
   
   Extractions: Machine-readable finding aid encoded by John P. Rees Collection Number: MS C 494 Creator Axelrod, Julius, 1912- Title Julius Axelrod Papers Dates: Quantity: 7.4 linear feet, oversize, loose degrees, awards, and posters Abstract: The collection consists primarily of materials related to Axelrod's scientific career. The bulk of these materials consists of awards, laboratory notebooks, reprints, and photographs. The collection is especially stong in documenting Axelrod's receipt of the Nobel Prize in 1970. There is little correspondence. Julius (Julie) Axelrod was born May 20, 1912, on the lower east side of Manhattan in New York City, the son of Polish immigrants Isadore and Molly Axelrod. Julius' father supported the family as a basketmaker. Axelrod attended Seward Park High School, where he quickly developed an interest in history, literature, and science, and set his sights on medical school. In 1929, Axelrod enrolled in New York City University (NYU). After one year, he transferred to the tuition-free City College of New York (CCNY), which Axelrod later described as a "proletarian Harvard." Axelrod graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in biology in 1933. He applied to several medical schools, but was not admitted. Reflecting on these rejections, he told a newspaper reporter in 1970 that "It was hard in those days for Jews to get into medical school. I wasn't that good a student, but if my name was Bigelow I probably would have gotten in."

9. Axelrod, Julius
   axelrod, julius. who, along with the British biophysicist Sir Bernard Katz andthe Swedish physiologist Ulf von Euler, was awarded the nobel Prize for  
   http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/43_29.html
   
   Extractions: (b. May 30, 1912, New York, N.Y., U.S.), American biochemist and pharmacologist who, along with the British biophysicist Sir Bernard Katz and the Swedish physiologist Ulf von Euler , was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1970. Axelrod's contribution was his identification of an enzyme that degrades chemical neurotransmitters within the nervous system after they are no longer needed to transmit nerve impulses. A graduate of the College of the City of New York (B.S., 1933), New York University (M.S., 1941), and George Washington University (Ph.D., 1955), Axelrod worked as chemist in the Laboratory of Industrial Hygiene (1935-46) and then joined the research division of Goldwater Memorial Hospital (1946), leaving in 1949 to join the staff of the section on chemical pharmacology at the National Heart Institute in Bethesda, Md. In 1955 he moved to the staff of the National Institute of Mental Health, where he became chief of the pharmacology section of the Laboratory of Clinical Sciences. Axelrod's achievement grew out of work done by Euler, specifically Euler's discovery of noradrenaline (norepinephrine), a chemical substance that transmits nerve impulses. Axelrod, in turn, discovered that noradrenaline could be neutralized by an enzyme, catechol-o-methyl transferase, which he isolated and named. This enzyme proved critical to an understanding of the entire nervous system. The enzyme was shown to be useful in dealing with the effects of certain psychotropic drugs and in research on hypertension and schizophrenia.

10. Nobel Prize Winners For Physiology Or Medicine
    viruses and viral diseases. 1970, axelrod, julius, US, discoveriesconcerning the chemistry of nerve transmission. Euler, Ulf von, Sweden,  
    http://www.britannica.com/nobel/table/phymed.html
    
    Extractions: Year Article Country* Achievement Behring, Emil von Germany work on serum therapy Ross, Sir Ronald U.K. discovery of how malaria enters an organism Finsen, Niels Ryberg Denmark treatment of skin diseases with light Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich Russia work on the physiology of digestion Koch, Robert Germany tuberculosis research Golgi, Camillo Italy work on the structure of the nervous system Spain work on the structure of the nervous system Laveran, Alphonse France discovery of the role of protozoa in diseases Ehrlich, Paul Germany work on immunity Russia work on immunity Kocher, Emil Theodor Switzerland physiology, pathology, and surgery of the thyroid gland Kossel, Albrecht Germany researches in cellular chemistry Gullstrand, Allvar Sweden work on dioptrics of the eye Carrel, Alexis France work on vascular suture; transplantation of organs Richet, Charles France work on anaphylaxis Austria-Hungary work on vestibular apparatus Bordet, Jules Belgium work on immunity factors in blood serum Krogh, August Denmark discovery of capillary motor-regulating mechanism Hill, A.V.

11. Julius Axelrod Ask The Right Questions At The Right Time - Nobel
    julius axelrod Ask the Right Questions at the Right Time. nobel Prizein Medicine/Physiology, 1970, julius axelrod, who pioneered  
    http://www.njabr.org/superstars/laureates/JAxelrod.cfm

12. International: Italiano: Salute: Medicina: Medici_e_Ricercatori: Axelrod,_Julius
    Translate this page julius axelrod è stato insignito del premio nobel per la medicina (per le scoperteconcernenti i trasmettitori umorali nelle terminazioni nervose ed il  
    http://open-site.org/International/Italiano/Salute/Medicina/Medici_e_Ricercatori
    
    Extractions: Opere importanti : Editorialista per le seguenti riviste scientifiche: Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Life Sciences, Circulation Research, Journal of Neurobiology, Pharmacological Research Communications, Journal of Neurochemistry, International Journal of Psychobiology.

13. Nobel Prize - Neuroscience
    nobel Prize Neuroscience, Year processes. 1970, axelrod, julius,5/30/1912 to, American, Humoral transmitters in sympathetic nerves.  
    http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/nobel.html
    
    Extractions: Nobel Prize - Neuroscience Year of Award Name(s) Birth and Death Dates Nationality/Citizenship Field of Study Golgi, Camillo 7/7/1843 to 1/21/1926 Italian Structure of the Nervous System Ramon y Cajal, Santiago 5/1/1852 to 10/18/1934 Spanish Structure of the Nervous System Gullstrand, Allvar 6/5/1862 to 7/28/1930 Swedish Optics of the Eye Barany, Robert 5/22/1876 to 4/8/1936 Austrian Physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus Wagner-Jauregg, Julius 3/7/1857 to 9/27/1940 Austrian Discovery of Malaria inoculation to treat dementia paralytica Adrian, Edgar Douglas 11/30/1889 to 8/4/1977 British Function of neurons in sending messages Sherrington, Charles Scott, Sir 11/27/1857 to 3/4/1952 British Function of neurons in the brain and spinal cord Dale, Henry Hallett, Sir 6/9/1875 to 7/23/1968 British Chemical transmission of nerve impulses Loewi, Otto 6/3/1875 to 12/25/1961 German, American Citizen Chemical transmission of nerve impulses Erlanger, Joseph 1/5/1874 to 12/15/1965 American Differentiated functions of single nerve fibers Gasser, Herbert Spencer

14. ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
    LISTING OF nobel PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, Name, Year Awarded.Adrian, Lord Edgar Douglas, 1932. Arber, Werner, 1978. axelrod, julius, 1970.  
    http://www.bioscience.org/urllists/nobelm.htm

15. NASA Neurolab Web: Mission Home Page
    release and inactivation of catecholamine neurotransmitters and the effect of psychoactivedrugs on this process, julius axelrod received the nobel Prize for  
    http://neurolab.jsc.nasa.gov/axelrod.htm
    
    Extractions: Julius Axelrod, born in 1912 in New York City, carried out extensive, fundamental research on a wide range of topics. His research included biochemical mechanisms of drug and hormone actions and metabolism, enzymology, pineal gland membranes, and transduction mechanisms. He is most known for his Nobel Prize winning elucidation of the storage, release and inactivation of catecholamine neurotransmitters and the effect of psychoactive drugs. When Axelrod joined the National Heart Institute in 1949, the first area he investigated was the physiological effects of caffeine in the body. At about the same time, he became involved in the research of sympathetic nerve stimulation, focusing his research on two neurotransmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine. Signal transmission along a nerve fiber is achieved by electrical means, while transmission from one neuron to another is typically chemical in nature. One nerve cell releases a transmitter hormone, which travels across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic receptor of the second neuron. Depending on the function of the neuron, different transmitter hormones are used. The catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine are both neurotransmitters in the sympathetic nervous system, effecting the cardiovascular system. His studies on catecholamines began in 1957, when Axelrod worked at the National Mental Health Institute and read a publication which hypothesized that the mental disorder schizophrenia could be caused by an abnormal metabolism of epinephrine. Fascinated with the publication, Axelrod began to search how epinephrine is metabolized in the human body. He discovered that epinephrine and other catecholamines are metabolized by methylation. The methylating enzyme was named catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), and is widely distributed in tissues, including the brain.

16. NARSAD: Publications: Research Newsletter: Nobel Laureates
    NARSAD awarded its first julius axelrod Neuroscience Award to the three scientistswho shared last year's nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology.  
    http://www.narsad.org/pub/win02honor.html
    
    Extractions: An extraordinary "meeting of the minds" took place at NARSAD's annual benefit gala. The Alliance devoted the evening to honoring some of the most renowned neuroscience researchers worldwide. The event, which raised $1.1 million for research in schizophrenia, affective disorders, and other psychiatric illnesses, took place at the Pierre Hotel in New York on October 12th. Julius Axelrod Neuroscience Award NARSAD awarded its first Julius Axelrod Neuroscience Award to the three scientists who shared last year's Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology. The award is named for Dr. Axelrod, who received the 1970 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his discovery of the actions of neurotransmitters in regulating the metabolism of the nervous system. Dr. Axelrod is currently honorary chairman of NARSAD's Scientific Council. Arvid Emil Carlsson, M.D.

17. Premios Nobel De Medicina
    Premios nobel de Medicina. Año, Tema, Ganador. 1969, Delbruck, Max; Hershey, AlfredD.; Luria, Salvador E. 1970, axelrod, julius; Euler, Ulf Von; Katz, Sir Bernard.  
    http://fai.unne.edu.ar/biologia/nobeles/nobelmed.htm
    
    Extractions: Premios Nobel de Medicina Tema Ganador Behring, Emil Adolf Von Ross, Sir Ronald Finsen, Niels Ryberg Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich Koch, Robert Cajal, Santiago Ramon Y.; Golgi, Camillo Laveran, Charles Louis Alphonse Ehrlich, Paul; Metchnikoff, Ilya Ilyich Kocher, Emil Theodor Kossel, Albrecht Gullstrand, Allvar Carrel, Alexis Richet, Charles Robert Barany, Robert Bordet, Jules Krogh, Schack August Steenberger Hill, Sir Archibald Vivian; Meyerhof, Otto Fritz; Banting, Sir Frederick Grant; Macleod, John James Richard; Einthoven, Willem; Fibiger, Johannes Andreas Grib Wagner-Jauregg, Julius Nicolle, Charles Jules Henri Eijkman, Christiaan; Hopkins, Sir Frederick Gowland Landsteiner, Karl Warburg, Otto Heinrich Adrian, Lord Edgar Douglas; Sherrington, Sir Charles Scott Morgan, Thomas Hunt Minot, George Richards; Murphy, William Parry; Whipple, George Hoyt Spemann, Hans Dale, Sir Henry Hallett; Loewi, Otto Nagyrapolt, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Von Heymans, Corneille Jean Francois Domagk, Gerhard Dam, Henrik Carl Peter; Doisy, Edward Adelbert Erlanger, Joseph; Gasser, Herbert Spencer

18. Axelrod, Julius. The American Heritage® Dictionary Of The English Language: Four
    axelrod, julius. SYLLABICATION Ax·el·rod. PRONUNCIATION k s lr d. DATES Born1912. American biochemist. He shared a 1970 nobel Prize for studies of how nerve  
    http://www.bartleby.com/61/45/A0554500.html
    
    Extractions: Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference American Heritage Dictionary Axel Heiberg ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition.

19. Nobel Prize - Neuroscience
    nobel Prize Neuroscience, Year of processes. 1970, axelrod, julius,5/30/1912 to, American, Humoral transmitters in sympathetic nerves.Katz  
    http://www.univ.trieste.it/~brain/NeuroBiol/Neuroscienze per tutti/nobel.html
    
    Extractions: Nobel Prize -Neuroscience Year of Award Name(s) Birth and Death Dates Nationality/Citizenship Field of Study Golgi, Camillo 7/7/1843 to 1/21/1926 Italian Structure of the Nervous System Ramon y Cajal, Santiago 5/1/1852 to 10/18/1934 Spanish Structure of the Nervous System Gullstrand, Allvar 6/5/1862 to 7/28/1930 Swedish Optics of the Eye Barany, Robert 5/22/1876 to 4/8/1936 Austrian Physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus Wagner-Jauregg, Julius 6/5/1862 to 7/28/1930 Austrian Discovery of Malaria inoculation to treat dementia paralytica Adrian, Edgar Douglas 11/30/1889 to 8/4/1977 British Function of neurons in sending messages Sherrington, Charles Scott, Sir 11/27/1857 to 3/4/1952 British Function of neurons in the brain and spinal cord Dale, Henry Hallett, Sir 6/9/1875 to 7/23/1968 British Chemical transmission of nerve impulses Loewi, Otto 6/3/1875 to 12/25/1961 German, American Citizen Chemical transmission of nerve impulses Erlanger, Joseph 1/5/1874 to 12/15/1965 American Differentiated functions of single nerve fibers Gasser, Herbert Spencer

20. Axelrod, Julius
    Health. julius axelrod married Sally Taub in 1938; they have two children.From nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 19631970.  
    http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/A/Axelrod/Axelro
    
    Extractions: Axelrod, Julius Julius Axelrod was born on May 30th, 1912, in New York City. He obtained his B. Sc. in 1933 at the College of the City of New York, M. A. in 1941 at New York University, and Ph. D. in 1955 from the George Washington University. From 1933 to 1935 he was Laboratory Assistant at the Department of Bacteriology of New York University Medical School; from 1935-1946 he was Chemist at the Laboratory of Industrial Hygiene; 1946-1949, Research Associate, Third New York University Research Division, Goldwater Memorial Hospital; 1949-1950, Associate Chemist, Section on Chemical Pharmacology, National Heart Institute, NIH; 1950-1953, Chemist, National Heart Institute, NIH, where he became Senior Chemist in 1953, and was appointed Chief of the Section on Pharmacology, Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Health Services and Mental Health Administration, Department of Health, Education and Welfare in 1955. Dr. Axelrod is a Member of Sigma Xi, International Brain Research Organization, American Chemical Society, American Society of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, American Society of Biological Chemists, American Association for the Advancement of Science, and a Fellow of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 1961 (Member of the Council, 1966-1969).

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