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Hofstadter Robert:     more detail

The electron scattering method and its application to the structure of nuclei and nucleons by Robert Hofstadter, 1962 Electron Scattering and Nuclear and Nucleon Structure; a Collection of Reprints With an Introduction. by Robert. Hofstadter, 1963 Nuclear and Nucleon Structure by Robert Hofstadter, 1963 Nucleon Structure: Proceedings of the Int'l Conference at Sanford University, June 25-27, 1963 by Robert and Leonard I. Shiff Hofstadter, 1964 The Electron Scattering Method and its Application to the Structure of by Robert HOFSTADTER, 1962 The American Scholar: A Quarterly for the Independent Thinker, Autumn 1968, Vol. 37, No. 4 by Robert Coles, J.D.B. Miller, John Hope Franklin, Others Richard Hofstadter, 1968 Nucleon StructureProceedings of the International Conference at Stanford University, June 24-27, 1963 by Robert; Leonard I. Schiff (eds.) Hofstadter, 1964 High-Energy Electron Scattering Tables by Robert and Robert Hofstadter Herman, The collected scientific papers of Robert Hofstadter by Robert Hofstadter, 2000 The Electron Scattering Method and its Application to the Structure of by Robert HOFSTADTER, 1962 Now the enemy is within our borders: the impact of European revolutions on American perceptions of violence before the civil war.: An article from: ATQ (The American Transcendental Quarterly) by Timothy M. Roberts, 2003-09-01 Mathenauts by Isaac Asimov, Greg Bear, et all 1987-01-01

lists with details

1. Robert Hofstadter - Biography
   have a son, Douglas, and two daughters, Laura and Mary. From NobelLectures, Physics 19421962. robert hofstadter died in 1990.  
   http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1961/hofstadter-bio.html
   
   Extractions: On graduation from college Hofstadter received the Kenyon Prize in Mathematics and Physics, and a little later the Coffin Fellowship, awarded by the General Electric Company. He went to graduate school at Princeton University where he studied physics from 1935 - 1938, and received both the M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in 1938 from that institution. His Ph.D. work was concerned with infrared spectra of simple organic molecules, and in particular, with the partial elucidation of the structure of the now well-known "hydrogen bond". In 1938 - 1939 he was awarded a Procter Fellowship at Princeton University for postdoctoral work, at which time he began a study of photoconductivity in willemite crystals. This work led to the discovery, with R. Herman, of the warm-up dark currents which demonstrated the existence of trapping states in crystals. In 1939 Hofstadter received the Harrison Fellowship at the

2. Physics 1961
   The nobel Prize in Physics 1961. robert hofstadter, Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer.1/2 of the prize, 1/2 of the prize. USA, Federal Republic of Germany.  
   http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1961/
   
   Extractions: "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the stucture of the nucleons" "for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name" Robert Hofstadter Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer 1/2 of the prize 1/2 of the prize USA Federal Republic of Germany Stanford University

3. Hofstadter, Robert
   robert hofstadter, 1961. 17, 1990, Stanford, Calif.), American scientist who was ajoint recipient of the nobel Prize for Physics in 1961 for his investigations  
   http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/273_80.html
   
   Extractions: Robert Hofstadter, 1961 UPI/Corbis-Bettmann (b. Feb. 5, 1915, New York, N.Y., U.S.d. Nov. 17, 1990, Stanford, Calif.), American scientist who was a joint recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1961 for his investigations of protons and neutrons, which revealed the hitherto unknown structure of these particles. He shared the prize with of Germany. Hofstadter was educated at Princeton University, where he earned a Ph.D. in 1938. As a physicist at the National Bureau of Standards during World War II, he was instrumental in developing the proximity fuse, which was used to detonate anti-aircraft and other artillery shells. He joined the faculty of Princeton in 1946, where his principal scientific work dealt with the study of infrared rays, photoconductivity, and crystal and scintillation counters. Hofstadter taught at Stanford University from 1950 to 1985. At Stanford he used a linear electron accelerator to measure and explore the constituents of atomic nuclei. At the time, protons, neutrons, and electrons were all thought to be structureless particles; Hofstadter discovered that protons and neutrons have a definite size and form. He was able to determine the precise size of the proton and neutron and provide the first reasonably consistent picture of the structure of the atomic nucleus. Hofstadter found that both the proton and neutron have a central, positively charged core surrounded by a double cloud of pi-mesons. Both clouds are positively charged in the proton, but in the neutron the inner cloud is negatively charged, thus giving a net zero charge for the entire particle.

4. Nobel Prize Winners For 1961-1970
   literature, Andric, Ivo, Yugoslavia, novelist. peace, Hammarskjöld, Dag, Sweden,physics, hofstadter, robert, US, determination of shape and size of atomic nucleons,  
   http://www.britannica.com/nobel/1961_70.html

5. Robert Hofstadter Winner Of The 1961 Nobel Prize In Physics
   robert hofstadter, a nobel Prize Laureate in Physics, at the nobelPrize Internet Archive. robert hofstadter. 1961 nobel Laureate  
   http://almaz.com/nobel/physics/1961a.html

6. Index Of Nobel Laureates In Physics
   ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF nobel PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSICS. Name, Year Awarded.Alferov, Zhores I. 2000. Hewish, Antony, 1974. hofstadter, robert, 1961.  
   http://almaz.com/nobel/physics/alpha.html

7. Hofstadter, Robert (1915-1990), Physicien Américain Et Prix Nobel De Physique En
   Translate this page robert hofstadter (1915-1990). Physicien américain et prix nobel de physiqueen 1961, pour ses études sur les particules élémentaires.  
   http://isimabomba.free.fr/biographies/chimistes/hofstadter.htm

8. Hofstadter, Robert (1915-1990) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biog
   Prize Winners , nobel Prize , Physics Prize v. hofstadter, robert (19151990), Heshared the 1961 nobel Prize in physics with Mössbauer. Mössbauer.  
   http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Hofstadter.html

9. 2001 Physics Nobel Laureate To Give Hofstadter Lecture: 2/02
   The lecture honors nobel Prize winner robert hofstadter, who servedon Stanford's physics faculty from 1950 until his death in 1990.  
   http://www.stanford.edu/dept/news/pr/02/cornelladvance26.html
   
   Extractions: Dawn Levy, News Service (650) 725-1944; e-mail: dawnlevy@stanford.edu Nobel Prize winner Eric A. Cornell will deliver this year's Robert Hofstadter Memorial Lecture at 8 p.m. Thursday, Feb. 14, in the Teaching Center at the Science and Engineering Quad. The talk is titled "Stone Cold Science: Bose-Einstein Condensation and the Weird World of Physics a Millionth of a Degree from Absolute Zero." A more technically oriented colloquium will take place at 4 p.m. Wednesday, Feb. 13, in the same location. "If you get atoms cold enough, they start less and less to act like little billiard balls and more like waves," says Cornell, who shared the 2001 Nobel Prize in physics for the formation of Bose-Einstein condensate with Carl E. Wieman of the University of Colorado-Boulder and Wolfgang Ketterle of MIT. Cornell is a senior scientist at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and professor at the University of Colorado-Boulder. He and Wiemann are both with JILA, formerly called the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics.

10. The Scientist - Robert Hofstadter
    News. robert hofstadter. By None. nobel laureate robert hofstadter, 75, died November17 at his home in Stanford, Calif., after a long bout with heart disease.  
    http://www.the-scientist.com/yr1991/jan/obit_910107.html
    
    Extractions: News By None Nobel laureate Robert Hofstadter, 75, died November 17 at his home in Stanford, Calif., after a long bout with heart disease. Hofstadter's early investigations, in which he measured the size of the neutron and proton in the nuclei of atoms, won him the Nobel Prize in physics in 1961. Hofstadter was one of the driving forces behind the creation of the Stanford Linear Accelerator. He also made substantial contributions to gamma ray spectroscopy, leading to the use of radioactive tracers to locate tumors and other disorders. Hofstadter earned his B.S. in 1935 at the City College of New York, and earned his Ph.D. in physics in 1938 at Princeton University. During World War II, following postdoctoral work at the University of Pennsylvania, he worked as a physicist at the National Bureau of Standards, where he helped develop the proximity fuse, an antiaircraft weapon. In 1950, Hofstadter joined the faculty of Stanford University, where he taught until 1985, when he retired as Max H. Stein Professor Emeritus of Physics. He directed Stanford's High Energy Physics Laboratory from 1967 to 1974. Hofstadter was known for his teaching as well as his research. He taught courses ranging from the introductory to the graduate level, including a nonmathematical physics course known as "Physics for Poets." The Scientist 5[1]:0, Jan. 07, 1991

11. Hofstadter
    Translate this page hofstadter, robert (1915-1990), físico estadounidense premiado conel nobel. Nacido en Nueva York, recibió el título de doctor  
    http://www.geocities.com/fisicaquimica99/hofstadter.htm
    
    Extractions: Hofstadter, Robert (1915-1990), físico estadounidense premiado con el Nobel. Nacido en Nueva York, recibió el título de doctor en filosofía por la Universidad de Princeton en 1938, y se incorporó a la Universidad de Stanford en 1950. Con la utilización del acelerador del Centro del Acelerador Lineal de Stanford y una máquina de difusión de su propio diseño, Hofstadter pudo realizar mediciones de gran precisión del tamaño y configuración del protón y del neutrón. Mostró que ambos constan de un núcleo de carga denso rodeado por dos capas entremezcladas de nubes mesónicas. Hofstadter compartió en 1961 el Premio Nobel de Física con Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer.

12. Dr.Tarek Said's Homepage-Nobel Prize Winners
    nobel Prize in Physics Wigner, Eugene P GoeppertMayer, Maria, Jensen, JohannesHans D. 1962 Landau, Lev Davidovich 1961 hofstadter, robert Moessbauer  
    http://www.geocities.com/tsaid3/nobel.html

13. Nobel-díjasok
    1961 hofstadter, robert (1915, USA); Mössbauer, Rudolf (1929-, NSZK) hofstadtera nobel-díjat az atommag elektromos rezgéseinek úttöro jelentoségu  
    http://www.szulocsatorna.hu/fizika/atom/nobel.htm
    
    Extractions: Készítette : Porkoláb Tamás 1901 Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad (1845-1923, Német Birodalom): "a róla elnevezett sugarak fölfedezésével szerzett rendkívüli érdemeinek elismeréseként". 1903 Becquerel, Antoine Henri (1852-1908, Franciaország); Curie, Pierre (1859-1906, Franciaország) és Curie, Marie szül. Sklodowska (1867-1934, Franciaország): Becqerel a Nobel-díjat "a spontán radioaktivitás fölfedezésével nyújtott rendkívüli tejesítményének elismeréseként" nyerte el. Marie és Pierre Curie "a Henri Becquerel által fölfedezett sugárzási jelenségekre vonatkozó együttes vizsgálataikért kapták a díjat. 1905 Lenard, Philipp (1862-1947, Német Birodalom): "a katódsugarakkal összefüggõ munkáiért". 1906 Thomson, Sir Joseph John (1856-1940, Anglia) : "a gázokon áthaladó elektromosság elméleti és kísérleti vizsgálataival szerzett érdemei elismeréséül". 1914 Laue, Max von (1879-1960, Német Birodalom): "a kristályokon áthaladó röntgensugarak elhajlásának fölfedezéséért". 1915 Bragg, William Henry (1862-1942, Anglia);

14. Robert Hofstadter, February 5, 1915–November 17, 1990 | By Jerome I. Friedman An
    robert hofstadter WAS BORN in New York City, educated on the East Coast, but spent andof the nucleons themselves, for which he was awarded a nobel Prize in  
    http://stills.nap.edu/html/biomems/rhofstadter.html
    
    Extractions: R OBERT HOFSTADTER WAS BORN in New York City, educated on the East Coast, but spent most of his academic career at Stanford University. He is best known for his work on determining the distribution of charge and magnetic moment in the nuclei of atoms and of the nucleons themselves, for which he was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1961. He extended the work done in the early part of the twentieth century by Ernest Rutherford, who had shown that atoms were composite, containing electrons and a nucleus many thousands of times smaller than the atom. Rutherford discovered this by scattering alpha particles from thin metal foils of the elements and measuring the number of particles scattered as a function of the angle. The surprisingly large number of particles that were scattered through large angles could only be explained by collisions with a heavy, very small, perhaps point-like, positively charged object, which he called the nucleus. Some 40 years later Hofstadter determined the internal structure of such nuclei by scattering high-energy electrons from thin targets and measuring the distribution of the number of these electrons as a function of angle. In these experiments he built on earlier work by others on electron-electron scattering from atoms and electron-nuclear scattering by Hanson, Lyman, and Scott at Illinois done at lower energies in 1951. Hofstadter showed that the nuclei had internal structure extending over a small but measurable distance and that the heavier nuclei had a relatively uniform density within a thin surface skin. The Nobel committee considered this to be the first "reasonably consistent" picture of the structure of the nucleus.

15. Hofstadter, Robert. The American Heritage® Dictionary Of The English Language: F
    hofstadter, robert. SYLLABICATION Hof·stadt·er. PRONUNCIATION h f st t r. DATES1915–1990. American physicist. He shared a 1961 nobel Prize for determining  
    http://www.bartleby.com/61/27/H0232700.html
    
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16. HTML REDIRECT
    nobel Lecture Autobiography (in English) Biography (in German) Obituary from theBoston prize was divided, with one half awarded to hofstadter, robert, USA, b  
    http://www.slac.stanford.edu/library/nobel.html

17. Hofstadter, Robert
    hofstadter, robert (19151990). US nuclear physicist who and shape. Heshared the 1961 nobel Prize for Physics. hofstadter demonstrated  
    http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/H/Hofstadter/1.h
    
    Extractions: Hofstadter, Robert US nuclear physicist who made pioneering studies of nuclear structure and the elementary nuclear constituents, the proton and the neutron. He established that the proton and neutron were not pointlike, but had a definite volume and shape. He shared the 1961 Nobel Prize for Physics. Hofstadter was born in New York and educated at City College and Princeton. From 1950 he was at Stanford, where his early work involved bouncing, or scattering, electrons from complex nuclei, such as gold. This produced accurate pictures of the charge distribution within nuclei. Gradually, smaller nuclei were studied by Hofstadter and his team, using electrons of increasing energy. By 1960, accurate data had been obtained for the proton and neutron, revealing the spatial distribution of charge and magnetization within these particles.

18. Douglas Hofstadter - Wikipedia
    He is the son of the nobel Prizewinning physicist robert hofstadter.Bilingual (English, French) due to his youth spent in Geneva.  
    http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Hofstadter
    
    Extractions: Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Page history Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Physicist and philosopher Douglas Richard Hofstadter (born February 15 ) is probably best known for his Pulitzer Prize -winning book Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid . He is currently ( ) a professor of cognitive science and computer science (among others) at Indiana University, Bloomington. He is the son of the Nobel Prize -winning physicist Robert Hofstadter Bilingual English French ) due to his youth spent in Geneva . Also speaks Italian German and some Russian His particular interests include themes of the mind, consciousness self-reference translation , and mathematical games Author of: The Mind's I (with Daniel Dennett Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid

19. Pictures Gallery Of The Nobel Prize Winners In Physics
    Translate this page The nobel Prize in Physics. 1998. robert B. Laughlin Horst L. Störmer DanielC. Tsui 1997. 1961. robert hofstadter Rudolf Ludwig Moessbauer 1960.  
    http://www.th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de/~jr/physpicnobel.html

20. Nobel Laureates At Penn
    Research Fellow, 19291931; Honorary Degree Sc.D. 1971; nobel Foundationinformation on this award. robert hofstadter, 1915 - 1990 Physics, 1961.  
    http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/notables/awards/nobel.html

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