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Karle Jerome:     more detail

Jerome Karle Solution of the phase problem: 1. The centrosymmetric crystal, by Herbert Hauptman and Jerome Karle (American Crystallographic Association. ACA monograph) by Herbert Aaron Hauptman, 1953 Stereochemical Applications of Gas-Phase Electron Diffraction: A: the Electron Diffraction Technique by Istvan Hargittai, Magdolna Hargittai, 1988-12-31 HAUPTMAN, HERBERT A. (1917- ): An entry from Gale's <i>World of Earth Science</i>

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1. Jerome Karle Winner Of The 1985 Nobel Prize In Chemistry
   jerome karle, a nobel Prize Laureate in Chemistry, at the nobel PrizeInternet Archive. jerome karle. 1985 nobel Laureate in Chemistry  
   http://almaz.com/nobel/chemistry/1985b.html

2. Index Of Nobel Laureates In Chemistry
   ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF nobel PRIZE LAUREATES IN CHEMISTRY. Name, Year Awarded.Alder, Kurt, 1950. Joliot, Frederic, 1935. karle, jerome, 1985. Karrer, Paul, 1937.  
   http://almaz.com/nobel/chemistry/alpha.html

3. Jerome Karle - Autobiography
   jerome karle – Autobiography. Largely through the efforts of Isabella karle, sucha procedure was developed and called the symbolic From Les Prix nobel 1985.  
   http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1985/karle-autobio.html
   
   Extractions: I was born in New York City in 1918 into a family that had a number of artistic people among its members. My father's brother and a sister's husband were probably the best known. The latter, Ivan Olinsky, taught for many years at the Art Students' League in New York City. I have been told that my paternal grandfather professionally made artistic decorations in peoples' homes. The propensity for artistic endeavors extended to my generation and beyond. My mother was an excellent pianist and organist and it was one of her hopes that I would become a professional pianist. As a youth I was entered into "Music Week" competitions in New York City. I had some modest success, but found at an early age that I had no taste for public performance. On the other hand, I was strongly attracted to science as a lifelong career at an early age. I enjoyed a number of sports that I participated in at every opportunity, swimming in the ocean nearby, a game called single-wall handball, played with a little hard black ball and well-known mainly in some metropolitan areas, touch football whose rules eliminate the bruises from tackling and ice-skating that was facilitated by the flooding of a huge parking lot by the local fire department.

4. Chemistry 1985
   The nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985. for their structures . Herbert A.Hauptman, jerome karle. 1/2 of the prize, 1/2 of the prize. USA, USA.The  
   http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1985/

5. Karle, Jerome
   jerome karle, 1985. (b. June 18, 1918, New York, NY, US), American crystallographerwho, along with Herbert A. Hauptman, was awarded the nobel Prize for  
   http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/314_9.html
   
   Extractions: Jerome Karle, 1985 (b. June 18, 1918, New York, N.Y., U.S.), American crystallographer who, along with Herbert A. Hauptman , was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1985 for their development of mathematical methods for deducing the molecular structure of chemical compounds from the patterns formed when X rays are diffracted by their crystals. Karle was a classmate of Hauptman's at City College in New York, from which they both graduated in 1937. Karle went on to earn his Ph.D. degree in physical chemistry at the University of Michigan in 1943. After working on the Manhattan Project in 1943-44, he joined the Naval Research Laboratory in 1944, becoming in 1967 its chief scientist for research on the structure of matter.

6. Search Results For Jerome Karle - Encyclopædia Britannica - The Online Encyclop
   jerome karle nobel Foundation Autobiography of this American scientist awardedthe nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1985, for developing methods for determining  
   http://www.britannica.com/search?query=jerome karle&seo

7. Karle, Jerome. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
   karle, jerome. They were awarded the 1985 nobel Prize in Chemistry for the developmentof a mathematical model known as the “direct method.” Devised in the  
   http://www.bartleby.com/65/ka/Karle-Je.html
   
   Extractions: Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Karle, Jerome

8. Dr. Jerome Karle
   piano.'' A Message sent for the seminar participants '93 -. Dr. Isabellaand jerome karle (nobel Laureate) at Summer Workshop, 1994.  
   http://muratopia.org/NUGW/People/karle.html
   
   Extractions: Awards: Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1985, shared with Dr. Herbert A. Hauptman. Dr. Jerome Karle was born in Brooklyn, New York, on June 18, 1918. He was born into a family in which there were generations of artistic people, several of whom had careers in the fine and commercial arts. A career in science was a most remote profession. Nevertheless, at an early age, perhaps eight or nine, he was avidly reading popular accounts of science, for example those of Sir James Jeans, and from that time on, he expected to spend his life in scientific pursuits.

9. FOCAS Program, 1994
   nobel Laureate Lecture (1110 1200) The Role of Science and Technology in FutureDesign Dr. jerome karle (nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1985) Naval Research  
   http://muratopia.org/NUGW/Seminar/semi94.html

10. Jerome Karle, Crystallographer
    jerome karle. jerome karle accepting the nobel Prize (credit). LINKSAutobiography of jerome karle at the site of The nobel Foundation.  
    http://www.todayinsci.com/K/Karle_Jerome/Karle_Jerome.htm
    
    Extractions: (credit) Born: 18 June1918, New York City, NY Education: City College on New York; Harvard University and Michigan University Since 1946 Jerome Karle's career has been with the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C., after a brief stint in Chicago with the early 1940's Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb. By 1968 he was the NRL's chief scientist for the Laboratory for the Structure of Matter. To further his work to study the fine structure of crystalline materials he wanted to improve on the time-consuming "heavy atom" method whereby first, an atom of high atomic mass was substituted in the crystal lattice of the sample to be examined. The differences in the diffraction patterns of the original and modified samples are then compared to deduce the structure of the crystal. His search for an easier way to make these measurements led to developing the "direct method" of X-ray diffraction with Herbert A. Hauptman. Using this new diffraction technique, information could be interpreted in a simple manner directly from the image pattern produced. (credit) X-rays are used because they have very small wavelength, less than the separation of the atoms in a crystal.The crystal contains a unit of atoms, which is repeated throughout the whole crystal in all directions. When a beam of X-rays is aimed at crystal, it deflects the x-rays in certain definite directions so that the radiation can be seen as spots of different intensity such as in a photographic film. To determine the structure the "phase" of each ray that is deflected must also be known. This determination can be carried out by using the "direct method".

11. June 18 - Today In Science History
    Born 18 June 1918 jerome karle joined the staff of the Naval Research Their importantwork earned the 1985 nobel Prize in Chemistry. Alexander Wetmore.  
    http://www.todayinsci.com/6/6_18.htm
    
    Extractions: American chemist and educator who shared (with Yuan T. Lee and John C. Polanyi) the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1986. He pioneered the use of molecular beams to elucidate the processes of chemical reactions. This study of reaction dynamics details the sequence of events and energy states of the atoms and molecules. Allan Rex Sandage U.S. astronomer who (with Thomas A. Matthews) discovered, in 1960, the first optical identification of a quasi-stellar radio source ( quasar ), a starlike object that is a strong emitter of radio waves. Although a strange source of radio emission, in visible light, it looked like a faint star. Yet this object was emitting more intense radio waves and ultraviolet radiation than a typical star. Jerome Karle (source) Born 18 June 1918 Jerome Karle joined the staff of the Naval Research Laboratory in 1946, becoming their chief scientist for the Laboratory for the Structure of Matter in 1968. With Herbert A. Hauptman, he developed a "direct method" to make X-ray crystal diffraction measurements. This made possible the determination of such 3D crystal structures as hormone, vitamin and antibiotic molecules. Their important work earned the 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Alexander Wetmore (credit) Born 18 June 1886; died 7 Dec 1978.

12. Karle, Jerome
    karle, jerome , 1918–, American physicist, b. New York City, Ph.D. Univ. Theywere awarded the 1985 nobel Prize in Chemistry for the development of a  
    http://www.infoplease.com/cgi-bin/id/A0827106

13. Jewish Nobel Prize Laureates - Chemistry
    Year, nobel Laureate, Country of birth. 1985, karle, jerome for their developmentof direct methods for the determination of crystal structures , USA.  
    http://www.science.co.il/Nobel-Chemistry.asp

14. Karle, Jerome
    karle, jerome 1918, American physicist, b. New York City, Ph.D. Univ They were awardedthe 1985 nobel Prize in Chemistry for the development of a mathematical  
    http://www.slider.com/enc/28000/Karle_Jerome.htm

15. W.I.F. Council Members
    nobel Laureate Prof. jerome karle, nobel Laureate(Chemistry) Prof. Dr.jerome karle, BS, AM MS PhD, hc.Dr.mult, FAPS MNAS Inst.Mem.mult.  
    http://www.ineed.easynet.co.uk/wif/members/karle.htm
    
    Extractions: Dr. Karle along with Dr. Herbert A. Hauptman developed mathematical methods for deducing the molecular structure of chemical compounds from the patterns fromed when X-rays are diffracted ny their crystals. He worked on the 'Manhattan Project' between 1943-44 and thereafter became chief scientist within the US government.

16. NOBEL LAUREATES WARN AGAINST MISSILE DEFENSE DEPLOYMENT
    Roald Hoffmann CORNELL UNIVERSITY 1981 nobel Prize in chemistry David H. HubelHARVARD UNIVERSITY 1981 nobel Prize in medicine jerome karle NAVAL RESEARCH  
    http://www.fas.org/press/000706-letter.htm
    
    Extractions: President William Jefferson Clinton The White House 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20502 Dear Mr. President: We urge you not to make the decision to deploy an anti-ballistic missile system during the remaining months of your administration. The system would offer little protection and would do grave harm to this nation's core security interests. We and other independent scientists have long argued that anti-ballistic missile systems, particularly those attempting to intercept reentry vehicles in space, will inevitably lose in an arms race of improvements to offensive missiles. North Korea has taken dramatic steps toward reconciliation with South Korea. Other dangerous states will arise. But what would such a state gain by attacking the United States except its own destruction? While the benefits of the proposed anti-ballistic missile system are dubious, the dangers created by a decision to deploy are clear. It would be difficult to persuade Russia or China that the United States is wasting tens of billions of dollars on an ineffective missile system against small states that are unlikely to launch a missile attack on the U.S. The Russians and Chinese must therefore conclude that the presently planned system is a stage in developing a bigger system directed against them. They may respond by restarting an arms race in ballistic missiles and having missiles in a dangerous "launch-on-warning" mode.

17. Nobel Prize Winning Chemists
    nobel Prize Winning Chemists. 1984 1986 jerome karle. The nobel PrizeIn Chemistry 1985. He was awarded the nobel Prize In Chemistry  
    http://www.sanbenito.k12.tx.us/district/webpages2002/judymedrano/Nobel Winners/j
    
    Extractions: Nobel Prize Winning Chemists Jerome Karle The Nobel Prize In Chemistry 1985 He was awarded the Nobel Prize In Chemistry in 1985 jointly with Herbert A. Hauptman "for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures." Jerome Karle was born in New York City in 1918 into a family that had a number of artistic people among its members. His mother was an excellent pianist and organist and it was one of her hopes that he would become a professional pianist. He had some modest success, but found at an early age that he had no taste for public performance. On the other hand, he was strongly attracted to science as a lifelong career at an early age. He went to work with the New York State Health Department in Albany. At the time Jerome was in Albany, the fluoridation of drinking water was getting underway. He developed a procedure for determining the amount of fluorine in water supplies that became a standard method. This was his first contribution to science. It was his intention to save enough money while at the Health Department to return to graduate school. This he did, and he entered the Chemistry Department of the University of Michigan in 1940 where he met his wife, Isabella Lugoski, whom he married in 1942, at an adjoining laboratory desk the first day that he went to physical chemistry class. They were both attracted to physical chemistry and took their degrees with Professor Lawrence O. Brockway whose specialty was the investigation of gas-phase molecular structure by means of electron diffraction.

18. Nobel Prize Winning Chemists
    He was awarded the nobel Prize In Chemistry in 1985 jointly with jerome karle fortheir outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the  
    http://www.sanbenito.k12.tx.us/district/webpages2002/judymedrano/Nobel Winners/h
    
    Extractions: Nobel Prize Winning Chemists Herbert A. Hauptman The Nobel Prize In Chemistry 1985 Herbert A. Hauptman was born in New York City on February 14, 1917, the oldest child of Israel Hauptman and Leah Rosenfeld. He has two brothers, Manuel and Robert. He married Edith Citrynell on November 10, 1940. They have two daughters, Barbara (1947) and Carol (1950). His interest in most areas of science and mathematics began at an early age. He was awarded the Nobel Prize In Chemistry in 1985 jointly with Jerome Karle "for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures". During the early years of this period Herbert formulated the neighborhood principle and extension concept, the latter independently proposed by Giacovazzo under the term "representation theory". These ideas laid the groundwork for the probabilistic theories of the higher order structure invariants and seminvariants which were further developed during the late seventies by Herbert and others. During the eighties he initiated work on the problem of combining the traditional techniques of direct methods with isomorphous replacement and anomalous dispersion in the attempt to facilitate the solution of macromolecular crystal structures. Back To Main Page

19. Nobel Prizes In Chemistry
    PRIZE YEAR. nobel CHEMISTS. SUPERVISOR. Ph.D. UNIVERSITY. DATES. Age (years). Ageat Prize. 1950. 59. 38. 1985. karle, jerome. Lawrence O. Brockway. 1943. Michigan.1918 . 67.  
    http://www.chem.yorku.ca/NAMED/NOBEL/CHEM/
    
    Extractions: 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ONTARIO M3J 1P3, CANADA For suggestions, corrections, additional information, and comments please send e-mails to jandraos@yorku.ca http://www.chem.yorku.ca/NAMED/ NOBEL PRIZE CHEMISTRY YEAR NAMES OF SCIENTISTS NATIONALITY TYPE OF CHEMISTRY Jacobus van't Hoff Dutch physical Emil Fischer German organic Svante Arrhenius Swedish physical Sir William Ramsay British physical Adolf von Baeyer German organic Henri Moissan French inorganic Eduard Buchner German organic/bioorganic Lord Ernest Rutherford British nuclear Wilhelm Ostwald Latvian physical Otto Wallach German organic Marie Curie Polish-French nuclear Victor Grignard French organic Paul Sabatier French organic Alfred Werner German inorganic Theodore Williams Richards American physical Richard Martin Willstatter German organic no prize awarded no prize awarded Fritz Haber German physical/industrial no prize awarded Walther Hermann Nernst German physical Frederick Soddy British nuclear Francis William Aston British analytical Fritz Pregl Slovenian analytical no prize awarded Richard Zsigmondy Austrian physical Theodor Svedberg Swedish physical Heinrich Wieland German organic Adolf Windaus German organic Hans von Euler-Chelpin German bioorganic Arthur Harden British bioorganic Hans Fischer German bioorganic Friedrich Bergius German physical Carl Bosch German physical Irving Langmuir American physical no prize awarded Harold Urey American nuclear Frederic Joliot French nuclear Irene Joliot-Curie French nuclear Peter Debye Dutch physical Sir Walter Haworth

20. Premios Nobel De Química
    Premios nobel de Química. Año, Tema, Ganador. 1985, Hauptman, Herbert A.;karle, jerome. 1986, Herschbach, Dudley R.; Lee, Yuan T.; Polanyi, John C.  
    http://fai.unne.edu.ar/biologia/nobeles/nobelq~1.htm
    
    Extractions: Tema Ganador Hoff, Jacobus Henricus Van't Fischer, Hermann Emil Arrhenius, Svante August Ramsay, Sir William Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Von Moissan, Henri Buchner, Eduard Rutherford, Lord Ernest Ostwald, Wilhelm Wallach, Otto Curie, Marie Grignard, Victor; Sabatier, Paul Werner, Alfred Richards, Theodore William Willstatter, Richard Martin Haber, Fritz Nernst, Walther Hermann Soddy, Frederick Aston, Francis William Pregl, Fritz Zsigmondy, Richard Adolf Svedberg, The Wieland, Heinrich Otto Windaus, Adolf Otto Reinhold Euler-chelpin, Hans Karl August Von; Harden, Sir Arthur Fischer, Hans Bergius, Friedrich; Bosch, Carl Langmuir, Irving Urey, Harold Clayton Joliot, Frederic; Joliot-Curie, Irene Debye, Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Haworth, Sir Walter Norman; Karrer, Paul Kuhn, Richard Butenandt, Adolf Friedrich Johann; Ruzicka, Leopold De Hevesy, George Hahn, Otto Virtanen, Artturi Ilmari Northrop, John Howard; Stanley, Wendell Meredith; Sumner, James Batcheller Robinson, Sir Robert

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