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The story of the early twentieth century cardiologist, Willem Einthoven, and how he came to develop the electrocardiogram. ... Read more

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Willem Einthoven, `The father of electrocardiography',introduced a new era in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of theheart. For his contributions he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1924.This volume is the first book in the English language on WillemEinthoven's life and work. It is based in part on the two Dutchreviews by Einthoven's collaborators, De Waart and Hoogerwerff (1957and 1946, respectively) and Einthoven's own publications. In addition,extensive use could be made for the first time of the Einthovenarchive which contains a large correspondence with Dutch and foreigncolleagues and friends, along with their evaluations of Einthoven'swork and personality. This book provides an interesting and unique insight into Einthoven'swork, his personality, and his relation to his contemporaries. It isalso a valuable document about an episode which has been of greatimportance in the development of modern medicine. ... Read more

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Chapters: Willem Einthoven, Jan Ingenhousz, Franciscus Donders. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 18. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Willem Einthoven (Semarang, May 21, 1860 Leiden, September 29, 1927) was a Dutch doctor and physiologist. He invented the first practical electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) in 1903 and received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1924 for it. Einthoven was born in Semarang on Java in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). His father, a doctor, died when Einthoven was a child. His mother returned to the Netherlands with her children in 1870 and settled in Utrecht. In 1885, Einthoven received a medical degree from the University of Utrecht. He became a professor at the University of Leiden in 1886. Before Einthoven's time, it was known that the beating of the heart produced electrical currents, but the instruments of the time could not accurately measure this phenomenon without placing electrodes directly on the heart. Beginning in 1901, Einthoven completed a series of prototypes of a string galvanometer. This device used a very thin filament of conductive wire passing between very strong electromagnets. When a current passed through the filament, the electromagnetic field would cause the string to move. A light shining on the string would cast a shadow on a moving roll of photographic paper, thus forming a continuous curve showing the movement of the string. The original machine required water cooling for the powerful electromagnets, required 5 people to operate it and weighed some 600 lb. This device increased the sensitivity of the standard galvanometer so that the electrical activity of the heart could be measured despite the insulation of flesh and bones. An early ECG deviceAlthough later technological advances brought about better and more portable EKG de...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=370239 ... Read more

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Chapters: Christiaan Huygens, Laurens Janszoon Coster, Kees Schouhamer Immink, Willem Einthoven, Cornelius Drebbel, Pieter Van Musschenbroek, Coenraad Johannes Van Houten, Jan Van Der Heyden, Sacharias Jansen, Metius, Willem Johan Kolff, Constantijn Huygens, Jr., Petrus Jacobus Kipp, Hans Lippershey, Nicolaas Hartsoeker, Diederik Hol, Jean-Pierre Minckelers, Jacob Metius, Peter Reijnders, Bernard D. H. Tellegen, Cornelis Corneliszoon, Hugo Koch, Carl Norden, Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel, Adriaan Adriaanszoon. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 101. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Christiaan Huygens, FRS (English pronunciation: , Dutch: ; 14 April 1629 8 July 1695) was a prominent Dutch mathematician, astronomer, physicist, horologist, and writer of early science fiction. His work included early telescopic studies elucidating the nature of the rings of Saturn and the discovery of its moon Titan, the invention of the pendulum clock and other investigations in timekeeping, and studies of both optics and the centrifugal force. Huygens achieved note for his argument that light consists of waves, now known as the HuygensFresnel principle, which became instrumental in the understanding of wave-particle duality. He generally receives credit for his discovery of the centrifugal force, the laws for collision of bodies, for his role in the development of modern calculus and his original observations on sound perception (see repetition pitch). Huygens is seen as the first theoretical physicist as he was the first to use formulae in physics. Christiaan Huygens by Bernard Vaillant, Museum Hofwijck, Voorburg Christiaan Huygens. Cut from the engraving following the painting of Caspar Netscher by G. Edelinck, between 1684 and 1687. Spring driven pendulum clock, designed by Huygens, built by instrument ma...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=42127 ... Read more

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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Peter Debye, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Jacobus Henricus Van 't Hoff, Hendrik Lorentz, Willem Einthoven, Pieter Zeeman, Christiaan Eijkman, Paul J. Crutzen, Nikolaas Tinbergen, Johannes Diderik Van Der Waals, Frits Zernike, Martinus J. G. Veltman, Nicolaas Bloembergen, Jan Tinbergen, Gerardus 't Hooft, Tjalling Koopmans, Simon Van Der Meer, Tobias Michael Carel Asser. Excerpt:Christiaan Eijkman Christiaan Eijkman (August 11, 1858, Nijkerk November 5, 1930, Utrecht ) was a Dutch physician and professor of physiology whose demonstration that Beriberi is caused by poor diet led to the discovery of vitamins . Together with Sir Frederick Hopkins , he received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine . Biography Early life and education Christiaan Eijkman was born on August 11, 1858, at Nijkerk , Netherlands as the seventh child of Christiaan Eijkman, the headmaster of a local school, and Johanna Alida Pool. A year later, in 1859, the Eijkman family moved to Zaandam , where his father was appointed head of a newly founded school for advanced elementary education. It was here that Christiaan and his brothers received their early education. In 1875, after taking his preliminary examinations, Eijkman became a student at the Military Medical School of the University of Amsterdam , where he was trained as a medical officer for the Netherlands Indies Army, passing through all his examinations with honours. From 1879 to 1881, he was an assistant of T. Place, Professor of Physiology , during which time he wrote his thesis On Polarization of the Nerves , which gained him his doctoral degree, with honours, on July 13, 1883. Career In 1883, Eijkman left Holland for The Indies , where he was made medical officer of health, first in Semarang , then later at Tjilatjap , a small village on the sout... ... Read more

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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Willem Einthoven, Oei Tiong Ham, Bob Hasan, Purnomo Yusgiantoro, Conrad Emil Lambert Helfrich, Christianto Wibisono, Willem Jacob Luyten, Sri Oetari Ratna Dewi, Agung Laksono, Satrio Arismunandar, James F. Sundah, Sutiyoso, Frederik Endert, Xenia Stad-De Jong, Alvin Lie, René Sparenberg, Carl Norden, Hubertus Van Mook, Emile Duson, Arnoud Van Der Biesen, Kusdiyanto, Bryan Edward Quarles Van Ufford. Excerpt:Agung Laksono Agung Laksono (born Semarang , Central Java ; March 23, 1949) is the coordinating minister for people's welfare in the Second United Indonesia Cabinet and a member of the Golkar Party. Previously, he was the Speaker of Indonesia People's Representative Council (DPR) from 2004 to 2009. In December 2004, during the Golkar convention, he was also elected as vice-chairman of the party. Laksono is a supporter of Iran's nuclear program. He was a co-founder of Adam Air , a now defunct commercial airline, which was closed down after a series of accidents. He holds a degree from the Christian University of Indonesia School of Medicine. References (URLs online) Preceded by Aburizal Bakrie : Coordinating Minister of People's Welfare 2009 present: Incumbent A hyperlinked version of this chapter is at Alvin Lie , MSc. ( Lie Ling Piao , simplified Chinese : ) is a member of People's Representative Council of Indonesia (Indonesia: Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat ) as the representative of National Mandate Party (Indonesia: Partai Amanat Nasional). He was born in Semarang , Central Java on April 21, 1961. He spent his school age in Anglo Chinese School , Singapore. He later obtained his Master Degree in International Marketing from Stratchclyde University Skotlandia in 1997. Prior to his political career, he held a position as the director of PT Sarana Sehat Jamu; director of PT Alego... ... Read more

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Chapters: Wilhelm II, German Emperor, John Amos Comenius, Willem Einthoven, Richard Clyfton,. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 50. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Wilhelm II (German: ; English: ) (27 January 1859 - 4 June 1941) was the last German emperor and king of Prussia, ruling both the German empire and the kingdom of Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 18 November 1918 (sometimes wrongly given as 9 November, date of the unofficial abdication announced by Prince Max von Baden.) Wilhelm was born on 27 January 1859 in Berlin to Prince Frederick William of Prussia (the future Frederick III) and his wife, Victoria, Princess Royal. He was the first grandchild of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, placing him sixth in the British line of succession. More importantly, as the son of the Crown Prince of Prussia, Wilhelm was (from 1861) the second in the line of succession to Prussia, and also, after 1871, to the German Empire, which, according to the constitution of the German Empire, was ruled by the Prussian King. As with most Victorian era royalty, he was related to many of Europe's royal families. He was the first cousin of George V and Maud of Wales. Wilhelm with his father in 1862A traumatic breech birth left him with a withered left arm due to Erb's palsy, which he tried with some success to conceal. In many photos he carries a pair of white gloves in his left hand to make the arm seem longer, or has his crippled arm on the hilt of a sword or holding a cane to give the effect of a useful limb being posed at a dignified angle. Biographers including Miranda Carter have suggested that this disability affected his emotional development. Wilhelm, beginning at age 6 was tutored by the 39-year old teacher Georg Hinzpeter. He stated later that his instructor never uttered a word of praise for hi...http://booksllc.net/?id=50450 ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Science and Its Times, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 530 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.The histories of science, technology, and mathematics merge with the study of humanities and social science in this interdisciplinary reference work. Essays on people, theories, discoveries, and concepts are combined with overviews, bibliographies of primary documents, and chronological elements to offer students a fascinating way to understand the impact of science on the course of human history and how science affects everyday life. Entries represent people and developments throughout the world, from about 2000 B.C. through the end of the twentieth century. ... Read more

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Chapters: Dutch Neurologists, Dutch Surgeons, Herman Boerhaave, Willem Einthoven, Cornelius Gemma, Nicolaes Tulp, Regnier de Graaf, Christiaan Eijkman, Cornelis Rudolphus Theodorus Krayenhoff, Philip Verheyen, Steven Blankaart, Johann Weyer, Matthew Maty, Bernard Lievegoed, Olfert Dapper, Jan Ingenhousz, Arie de Jong, Caspar Barlaeus, Johann Bachstrom, Franciscus Sylvius, Johannes Goropius Becanus, Joost Meerloo, Willem Johan Kolff, Abraham Capadose, Clemens Maria Franz Von Bönninghausen, Theodorus Janssonius Van Almeloveen, Ita Wegman, Franciscus Donders, Aletta Jacobs, Pieter Van Woensel, Nicolaus Mulerius, Andy Hoepelman, Adolphe Vorderman, Eduard Verhagen, Govert Bidloo, M.a. Mendes de Leon, Henri Arnaut de Zwolle, Paul of Middelburg, Frans de Wever, J. L. C. Pompe Van Meerdervoort, Daniel de Superville, Hein Wellens, Jan Karel Van Den Broek, Jaap Goudsmit, Jacob Moleschott, Fransje Van Der Waals, Albert Burgh, Samuel Sarphati, Willem-Karel Dicke, Willem Piso, Sebald Justinus Brugmans, Nikolaes Heinsius the Younger, Gerbrand Bakker, Antonius Mathijsen, Job Janszoon Van Meekeren, Theodoor Hendrik Van de Velde, Theodericus Ulsenius, Murk Van Phelsum, Joep Lange, Carl Ludwig Doleschall, Just Göbel, Jan F. Esser, Henricus Regius, Rein Strikwerda, Bert Keizer, Johannes Acronius Frisius, Jan Van Der Hoeve, Paul Barbette, C. U. Ariëns Kappers, Menno Sluijter, Willem Ten Rhijne, Gert Holstege. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 222. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt:Cornelius Ubbo Ariëns Kappers (9 August 1877, Groningen - 28 July 1946, Amsterdam ) was a Dutch neurologist . In 1909 he became the first director of the "Netherlands Central Institute for Brain Research", a position he maintained until his death in 1946. During his tenure, the institute became an internationally renowned center known for its work involving com... ... Read more

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Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Rasmus Bartholin, Michael Welner, Douglas Scherr, Willem Einthoven, Bernardo Peres Da Silva, Mehmet Oz, Thomas Alured Faunce, Michael Roizen, Peter Tishler, Donald Wood-Smith, Michael Argenziano, Abraham Flexner, Joel Brind, Randal Haworth, Niels Kaj Jerne, Realdo Colombo, Kenneth Angus Munn, Efraim Racker, Joshua Sonett, Jean Malecki, P. K. R. Warrier, Arthur Li, Harold Saxton Burr, Gunamudian David Boaz, Sanford Palay, Jessica Kandel, James "Red" Duke, Bernard Lown, Tom Hornbein, Peter Amollo Odhiambo, Mark A. Hardy, Brian Monahan, Dominique Jan, Albert L. Lehninger, Vladimir Betz, Kathie-Ann Joseph, Leonard Shlain, Lawrence S.b. Goldstein, John W. Semple, W. Roy Smythe, J. Kevin Dorsey, Joseph Pancoast, John Berrien Lindsley, Gunning S. Bedford, Henry Spotnitz, Alan Graham Apley, Ravinder N. Maini, Leopold Saverio Vaccaro, Jean Emond, Rakesh Jain, Caspar Bartholin the Elder, Gasparo Tagliacozzi, Henry Kronenberg, Carl Nicoladoni, Dennis Fowler, Henry Alan Skinner, John G. Taylor, Graeme Catto, J. Dean Cole, Ruth Arnon, George Douglas Robb, James Young, Neva Abelson, Wilfrid Derome, Niko Miljanić, Francis J. Tedesco, Friedrich Weber, Friedrich Arnold, David Berson. Source: Wikipedia. Free updates online. Not illustrated. Excerpt: Michael Mark Welner, M.D., (born September 24, 1964, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is one of America's most renowned forensic psychiatrists. He is Chairman of The Forensic Panel, has pioneered several advances in forensic science, and he has consulted as lead forensic psychiatry examiner on some of the most complex cases in America in recent years. Welner is the youngest of four children born to Nick and Barbara (Safier) Welner. His father was a civil engineer, educated in England. His mother, who left school as a wartime refugee, entered college in B...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=10986838 ... Read more

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Chapters: Burials in the Netherlands, Wilhelm Ii, German Emperor, John Amos Comenius, Willem Einthoven, Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Netherlands American Cemetery, Richard Clyfton, Ysselsteyn, Rusthof Cemetery. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 62. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Wilhelm II (German: ; English: ) (27 January 1859 4 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia, ruling both the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 18 November 1918. (sometimes wrongly given as 9 November, the 9th was the unofficial abdication announced by Prince Max von Baden.) Among the Allies during World War I, he was known either as The Kaiser or Kaiser Bill. Wilhelm II was born in Berlin to Prince Frederick William of Prussia (the future Frederick III) and his wife, Victoria, Princess Royal, thus making him a grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. He was Queen Victoria's first grandchild, and at the time of his birth was sixth in the British line of succession. More importantly, as the son of the Crown Prince of Prussia, Wilhelm was (from 1861) the second in the line of succession to Prussia, and also, after 1871, to the German Empire, which, according to the constitution of the German Empire, was ruled by the Prussian King. As with most Victorian era royalty, he was related to many of Europe's royal families. He was the first cousin of George V and Maud of Wales. Wilhelm with his father in 1862A traumatic breech birth left him with a withered left arm due to Erb's palsy, which he tried with some success to conceal. In many photos he carries a pair of white gloves in his left hand to make the arm seem longer, or has his crippled arm on the hilt of a sword or holding a cane to give the effect of a useful limb being posed at a dignified angle. Biog...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=50450 ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Science and Its Times, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 1314 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.The histories of science, technology, and mathematics merge with the study of humanities and social science in this interdisciplinary reference work. Essays on people, theories, discoveries, and concepts are combined with overviews, bibliographies of primary documents, and chronological elements to offer students a fascinating way to understand the impact of science on the course of human history and how science affects everyday life. Entries represent people and developments throughout the world, from about 2000 B.C. through the end of the twentieth century. ... Read more