Product Description
During the last ten years Quantum Information Processing and Communication (QIPC) has established itself as one of the new hot topic fields in physics, with the potential to revolutionize many areas of science and technology. QIPC replaces the laws of classical physics applied to computation and communication with the more fundamental laws of quantum mechanics. This becomes increasingly important due to technological progress going down to smaller and smaller scales where quantum effects start to be dominant. In addition to its fundamental nature, QIPC promises to advance computing power beyond the capabilities of any classical computer, to guarantee secure communication and establish direct links to emerging quantum technologies, such as, for example, quantum based sensors and clocks. One of the outstanding features of QIPC is its interdisciplinary character: it brings together researchers from physics, mathematics and computer science. In particular, within physics we have seen the emergence of a new QIPC community, which ranges from theoretical to experimental physics, and crosses boundaries of traditionally separated disciplines such as atomic physics, quantum optics, statistical mechanics and solid state physics, all working on different and complementary aspects of QIPC. This publication covers the following topics: Introduction to quantum computing; Quantum logic, information and entanglement; Quantum algorithms; Error-correcting codes for quantum computations; Quantum measurements and control; Quantum communication; Quantum optics and cold atoms for quantum information; Quantum computing with solid state devices; Theory and experiments for superconducting qubits; Interactions in many-body systems: quantum chaos, disorder and random matrices; Decoherence effects for quantum computing; and Flature prospects of quantum information processing. ... Read more

Book Description
The exchange between physics and metrology is always fascinating and exciting. Many are the open problems in physics that call for extremely precise standards, many are the advances in metrology made possible by a deep and assiduous study of the underlying physics. One has just to think of the enormous sophistication required in the measurements of some absolute quantities such as the Avogadro, the gas, or the gravitational constants. It is also worth noticing that not only the units of a metrological system are interrelated through the fundamental constants, but also the latter find their full significance when they are determined through the most exacting metrological experiments. Over the past decade many improvements took place and these are discussed in this book; from one side the old caesium SI second definition has found a new realisation, with the "fountain" approach, replacing the classical thermal atomic beam. The use of "cold" atom techniques, in which bunches of inert atoms are collected, slowed down, and cooled, has opened a number of new and unexpected avenues for metrology and fundamental constants; one of these possibilities being the atom interferometry. Another important "quantum jump" was the demonstration of the possibility of performing a direct frequency division in the visible, using ultra short femtosecond pulses. In addition, the possibility of "counting" electrons or photons gave a fundamental support to the development of single-electron capacitance standards and to new scenarios in the absolute calibration of photo-detectors ... Read more

Book Description
In this Enrico Fermi School, the first one dedicated toadvanced organic materials, the main research results and open problems inscience and technology of organic nanostructures have been discussed; inparticular, growth techniques, electronic and optical properties, deviceapplications. The necessary background material has been covered andinterdisciplinary aspects have been emphasized with the aim of a unifiedapproach to the basic physical phenomena bridging the gap between standardgraduate courses and the state of the art in the field. The lecturers haveprovided authoritative and comprehensive tutorial reviews of the mainissues involved in the science and technology of organic materials andtheir nanostructures. In particular, the following topics have beenspecifically addressed: charge carrier mobility and transport properties,electrical conductivity of conjugated polymers, charge transfer states inorganics, photorefractivity in organics, energy transfer processes inorganics, photophysics and fast spectroscopy, technology of polymerelectronics and light emitting devices. ... Read more

Book Description
This book focuses on "Nanometer Scale Science andTechnology''. This is one of the most rapidly expanding research fields andit is considered one of the most important issues in forming futuresocieties. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are at the interface betweenphysics, chemistry, engineering and, most importantly, biology. The mostfundamental processes of living matter occur on the nanometer scale.Micro-electrical mechanical systems are approaching the dimensions ofbiological cells, opening up the possibility of connecting machines toindividual cells. This book is based on local probes (STM, AFM, SNOM) andrelated supreme technological achievements. These topics are extensivelycovered in the book, mainly devoted to instrumentation aspects. From a morefundamental point of view it also covers advanced subjects such asclusters, nanocontacts, photonic band gap materials, atom manipulation bylight, atom optics with Bose-Einstein condensates and quantum computing. ... Read more