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This digital document, covering the life and work of Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, is an entry from Contemporary Authors, a reference volume published by Thompson Gale. The length of the entry is 2105 words. The page length listed above is based on a typical 300-word page. Although the exact content of each entry from this volume can vary, typical entries include the following information:

• Place and date of birth and death (if deceased)
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• Education
• Professional associations and honors
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• Writings, including books and periodicals
• A description of the author's work
• References to further readings about the author

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Chapters: Daniel Bernoulli, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Albert Schultens, Pete Hoekstra, Diederik Samsom, Albert Dominicus Trip Van Zoudtlandt, John Goodricke, Etta Palm D'aelders, Wessel Gansfort, Wubbo Ockels, Andries Van Dam, Jaap Eden, Gerardus Johannes Petrus Josephus Bolland, Wim Crouwel, Alexander de Savornin Lohman, Jozef Israëls, Martin Van Marum, Micha Wertheim, Daniëlle Bekkering, Thijs Berman, Paul Schuitema, Johan Huizinga, Annemiek de Haan, Julia Culp, Rutger Smith, Maarten Schmidt, Dirk Jan de Geer, Coosje Van Bruggen, Tjarda Van Starkenborgh Stachouwer, Ulbo de Sitter, Willem Arnold Alting, Jaap Kunst, Kim Feenstra, Annemieke Bes, Andy Anstett, Albert Polman, Gerrit Krol, Egbert Bartholomeusz Kortenaer, Bauke Mollema, Tom Snijders, Roche Braziliano, Ad Van Luyn, Dick Nanninga, Elie Aron Cohen, Hugo Hovenkamp, Tiberius Hemsterhuis, Stephan Veen, Ben Woldring, Albert Eckhout, Gerard Kemkers, Hendrik de Vries, Wim T. Schippers, Kars Veling, Jordi Hoogstrate, Sophie Polkamp, Wilhelm Baehrens, Bert Meijer, Jan Woltjer, Nico Habermann, Joanna Gash, Dominique Van Dijk, Riemke Ensing, Said Bakkati, Arnold Kruiswijk, Volcher Coiter, Peter Van Der Veer, Martin Drent, Hendrik Willem Mesdag, Ida Vos, Jan Marinus Wiersma, Alexander Schaafsma, Sharon Dijksma, Jack Hoeksema, Hendrik Lenstra, Arjen Lenstra, Carla Molema, Arnold Oosterveer, Willem Alberda Van Ekenstein, Egbert Van Drielst, Jan Sloot, Mark Veldmate, Dirk Janssen, Samuel Van Houten, Petrus Hofman Peerlkamp, Greet Hellemans, Nicolette Hellemans, Petrus Hofstede de Groot, Corrie Winkel, Jonny Heykens, Jacob B. Bakema, Jerine Fleurke, Jan Janssen, Driek Van Wissen, Joseph Ascher, Koosje Van Voorn, Jaap Bulder, Evert Bulder, Roelof Kranenburg, Willem Van Der Ark, Gregoor Van Dijk, Rogier Blink, C. U. Ariëns Kappers, Carin Ter Beek, Niels Van Steenis, Alie Te Riet, Pieter Johannes Van Rhijn, Eppo Cremers, Hero Muller, Michel Velleman, Johan Harmen Rudolf Köhler, Alfred ...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=468307 ... Read more

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Chapters: Dutch Nuclear Physicists, Edsger W. Dijkstra, Christiaan Huygens, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Hendrik Lorentz, Paul Ehrenfest, Willem Hendrik Keesom, Abraham Pais, Pieter Zeeman, Walter de Heer, Cornelis Rudolphus Theodorus Krayenhoff, Cees Dekker, Hendrik Casimir, Johannes Diderik Van Der Waals, Frits Zernike, Eric Mazur, Martinus J. G. Veltman, Dirk Coster, Andre Geim, Wubbo Ockels, Karel Niessen, Nicolaas Bloembergen, Leonard Ornstein, George Eugene Uhlenbeck, Willem de Sitter, C. H. D. Buys Ballot, Carolyne M. Van Vliet, Peter Mazur, Dirk Reuyl, Gerardus 't Hooft, Samuel Abraham Goudsmit, Martin Van Marum, Willem 'sgravesande, Adriaan Fokker, Wander Johannes de Haas, Hugo Christiaan Hamaker, Hugo Tetrode, Hendrik Anthony Kramers, Pieter Rijke, Nicolaas Hartsoeker, Gerardus J. Sizoo, Simon Van Der Meer, Antonius Van Den Broek, Albert Polman, Erik Verlinde, Robbert Dijkgraaf, Peter Van Nieuwenhuizen, Johannes Bosscha, Aaldert Wapstra, Jan Burgers, Aldert Van Der Ziel, Pieter Kok, Jan Zaanen, Jona Oberski, Geertruida de Haas-Lorentz, Balthasar Van Der Pol, Jook Walraven, Dirk Ter Haar, Janwillem Van Den Berg, Hugo Rietveld, Hilbrand J. Groenewold, Robijn Bruinsma, Clemens C. J. Roothaan, Dirk Polder, Jos Engelen, Johannes Petrus Kuenen, Hajo Meyer, Stefan Rozental, Carlo Beenakker, Bert Broer, Frans Michel Penning, Carel S. Scholten, Hessel de Vries, Arend Joan Rutgers, Herman Verlinde, Jan Smit, Willem Vos, Arie Andries Kruithof, Daan Frenkel, Bernard de Wit, Gerrit Jan Van Ingen Schenau, Hendricus Stoof. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 285. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt:Aaldert Hendrik Wapstra Aaldert Hendrik Wapstra (24 April 1923 - 2 December 2006, Naarden ) was a Dutch physicist .Wapstra became a full professor in 1955 at the department of experimental physics at the Technische Hogeschool, now the Te... ... Read more

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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Peter Debye, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Jacobus Henricus Van 't Hoff, Hendrik Lorentz, Willem Einthoven, Pieter Zeeman, Christiaan Eijkman, Paul J. Crutzen, Nikolaas Tinbergen, Johannes Diderik Van Der Waals, Frits Zernike, Martinus J. G. Veltman, Nicolaas Bloembergen, Jan Tinbergen, Gerardus 't Hooft, Tjalling Koopmans, Simon Van Der Meer, Tobias Michael Carel Asser. Excerpt:Christiaan Eijkman Christiaan Eijkman (August 11, 1858, Nijkerk November 5, 1930, Utrecht ) was a Dutch physician and professor of physiology whose demonstration that Beriberi is caused by poor diet led to the discovery of vitamins . Together with Sir Frederick Hopkins , he received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine . Biography Early life and education Christiaan Eijkman was born on August 11, 1858, at Nijkerk , Netherlands as the seventh child of Christiaan Eijkman, the headmaster of a local school, and Johanna Alida Pool. A year later, in 1859, the Eijkman family moved to Zaandam , where his father was appointed head of a newly founded school for advanced elementary education. It was here that Christiaan and his brothers received their early education. In 1875, after taking his preliminary examinations, Eijkman became a student at the Military Medical School of the University of Amsterdam , where he was trained as a medical officer for the Netherlands Indies Army, passing through all his examinations with honours. From 1879 to 1881, he was an assistant of T. Place, Professor of Physiology , during which time he wrote his thesis On Polarization of the Nerves , which gained him his doctoral degree, with honours, on July 13, 1883. Career In 1883, Eijkman left Holland for The Indies , where he was made medical officer of health, first in Semarang , then later at Tjilatjap , a small village on the sout... ... Read more

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Chapters: Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Dewar Flask, Timeline of Low-Temperature Technology, Joule-thomson Effect, Vacuum Flask, Liquid Hydrogen, Cryobiology, Cryopreservation, Pulse Tube Refrigerator, Solid Oxygen, Ex-Situ Conservation, Liquid Oxygen, Liquid Gas, Liquid Helium, Cooling Bath, Cryotherapy, Cryostat, Cryogenic Processor, Cryogenic Treatment, Cryogenic Deflashing, Cryogenic Grinding, Dilution Refrigerator, Shubnikov-de Haas Effect, Twenty-First Century Medicine, Dry Dilution Refrigerator, Fluidyne Engine, Cryogenic Deburring, Slush Hydrogen, Stoddard Engine, Expansion Ratio, Regenerative Cooling, Lambda Point Refrigerator, Helium-3 Refrigerator, Cryo-Adsorption, Cryocooler, Sisyphus Effect, Cryogenic Engineering. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 154. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Cryobiology is the branch of biology that studies the effects of low temperatures on living things. The word cryobiology is derived from the Greek words "cryo" = cold, "bios" = life, and "logos" = science. In practice, cryobiology is the study of biological material or systems at temperatures below normal. Materials or systems studied may include proteins, cells, tissues, organs, or whole organisms. Temperatures may range from moderately hypothermic conditions to cryogenic temperatures. Cryobiologyis the study of life at low temperatures.Cryogenicsis the branch of physics and engineering that studies the production and use of very low temperatures. Cryogenics is not cryonics, although people often confuse them.Cryonicsis the low temperature preservation of humans and mammals with the intention of future revival. Cryonics is not part of mainstream cryobiology. Cryonics still depends heavily on speculative future technology which may or may not be invented.Cryopreservationis a technology whereby c...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=219284 ... Read more

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Les achats comprennent une adhésion à l'essai gratuite au club de livres de l'éditeur, dans lequel vous pouvez choisir parmi plus d'un million d'ouvrages, sans frais. Le livre consiste d'articles Wikipedia sur : Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Johan Huizinga, Jacob Bakema, Daniel Bernoulli, Etta Palm D'aelders, Henricus Liberti, Wim Crouwel, Israël Kiek, John Goodricke, Maarten Schmidt, Volcher Coiter, Peter Van Der Veer, Hendrik Willem Mesdag, Peter Hoekstra, Bauke Mollema, Theodoric Valeton, Maarten Bijleveld Van Lexmond, Jozef Israëls, Albert Eckhout, Schelto Van Heemstra, Arnold Oosterveer, Nicolas Bernoulli, Stephan Veen, Said Bakkati. Non illustré. Mises à jour gratuites en ligne. Extrait : Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (21 septembre 1853 à Groningue, Pays-Bas - 21 février 1926) était un physicien néerlandais. Il est lauréat du prix Nobel de physique de 1913 . Il a aussi participé à la découverte de la supraconductivité. Onnes débute ses études universitaires à Groningue. Il étudie ensuite à l'Université d'Heidelberg de 1871 à 1873 notamment sous la direction de Robert Wilhelm Bunsen et Gustav Kirchhoff. Il retourne ensuite à Groningue où il obtient son master en 1878 et son doctorat en 1879 avec une thèse intitulée Nieuwe bewijzen voor de aswenteling der aarde (nouvelles preuves de la rotation de la terre). De 1878 à 1882, il est assistant de Johannes Bosscha, alors directeur de l'école polytechnique de Delft, qu'il remplace en tant que lecteur de 1881 à 1882. De 1882 à 1923, Onnes est professeur de physique expérimentale à l'Université de Leyde. En 1904, il fonde un grand laboratoire de cryogénie et y attire d'autres chercheurs, ce qui contribue à sa reconnaissance par la communauté scientifique. Il est le premier à réussir à liquéfier de l'hélium le 10 juillet 1908 à l'aide de cryostats, ce qui lui vaut la Médaille Franklin en 1915. En utilisant l'effet Joule-Thomson, il parvient à faire diminuer la température jusqu'à moins de 1 deg...http://booksllc.net/?l=fr ... Read more

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Kapitel: Jan Hendrik Oort, Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Nikolaas Tinbergen, Madjid Samii, Johan Huizinga, Arnold Geulincx, Charles de L'écluse, Ludolph Van Ceulen, Hugo Donellus, Max Van Der Stoel, Wouter Oudemans, Herman Boerhaave, Paul Ehrenfest, John Dugard, David Cohen, Jacobus Golius, Arent Jan Wensinck, Leo Polak, Karl-Siegbert Rehberg, Ryōgo Kubo, Frits Kalshoven, Roy J. Glauber, Sebald Justinus Brugmans, Pieter Lodewijk Muller, Bernhard Friedrich Albinus, Willem Van Eysinga, Horst Fischer, Johann Veit, Carl Ludwig Blume, Jacob Kistemaker, Johann Karl Ludwig Martin, Pierre Daniel Chantepie de La Saussaye, Paul Hermann, Robert Tijdeman, Govard Bidloo, Liesbeth Zegveld, Willebrord Van Roijen Snell, Philip Van Der Eijk, Arnold Vinnius, Pieter Kooijmans, Thomas Erpenius, Johannes Voet, David Van Royen, Joseph Schacht, Rudi Fuchs, Bernhard Siegfried Albinus, Gerhard Noodt, Thomas Aboagye Mensah, Johannes Coccejus, Franciscus Sylvius, Anton Matthäus, Johannes Van Meurs, Ton Koopman, Jan Van Der Hoeven, Pieter Van Musschenbroek, Carel Gabriel Cobet, Hendrik Kraemer, Henri Willy Pleket, Patricia Garfield, Jan J. L. Duyvendak, Hendrik Christoffel Van de Hulst, Bernhardt Jungmann, Willem Hendrik Keesom, Wander Johannes de Haas, Stephan Busch, Tiberius Hemsterhuis, Peter Hotton, Jan Frederik Van Beeck, Willem Jozef Jonckbloet, Jan Jakob Maria de Groot, Michael Jan de Goeje, Marc Van Oostendorp, Johann Joseph Hoffmann, Frédéric L. Bastet, Reimar Schefold, Ferdinand Sassen, Erik Zürcher, Simon Vissering, George Alexander Wilken, Jean Nicolas de Parival, Cornelis Van Der Hoeven, Carel de Maets, Kristofer Schipper. Aus Wikipedia. Nicht dargestellt. Auszug: Dr. Jan Hendrik Oort (28 April 1900 - 5 November 1992) was a Dutch astronomer. He was a pioneer in the field of radio astronomy. The Oort cloud of comets bears his name. Oort was born in Franeker, Friesland and studied in Groningen with Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn....http://booksllc.net/?l=de ... Read more

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Chapters: Pim Fortuyn, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Wim Duisenberg, Dirk Stikker, Herman Neubronner Van Der Tuuk, Job Cohen, Peter Van de Kamp, Granville Elliott, Wubbo Ockels, Bernard Lievegoed, Jorrit Kamminga, Jan Oort, Hans Wijers, Willem de Sitter, Prince Maurits of Orange-Nassau, Van Vollenhoven, Henk G. Sol, Michaël Zeeman, Willem Johan Kolff, Harm Kuipers, Clemens Maria Franz Von Bönninghausen, Gijs Kuenen, Aletta Jacobs, Willem Arnold Alting, Marc Bolland, Floris Takens, Hermann Witsius, Adriaan Blaauw, Paul Polman, Jan Zaanen, Wilhelm Baehrens, Bert Meijer, Jan Woltjer, Bert Bos, Jack Hoeksema, Peter Hofstee, Douwe Breimer, Jurjen Ferdinand Koksma, Samuel Van Houten, Christopher Wittich, Frans Zwarts, Rein Jan Hoekstra, Petrus Hofstede de Groot, Andrius Baltuska, Luuk Tinbergen, Monica Arac de Nyeko, Remko Scha, J.h.a. Lokin, Eppo Cremers, Joost Tinbergen, René de Marees Van Swinderen, Willem Surenhuis, Willem de Vos, Klass Jan Noorman, Hanneke Canters. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 175. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Wilhelmus Simon Petrus Fortuijn, known as Pim Fortuyn (Dutch pronunciation: ; February 19, 1948 May 6, 2002) was a Dutch politician, author, public servant, sociologist and professor who formed his own party, Pim Fortuyn List (Lijst Pim Fortuyn or LPF). Fortuyn was the centre of several controversies for his views about immigrants and Islam. He called Islam "a backward culture", and said that if it were legally possible he would close the borders for Muslim immigrants. He was labelled a far-right populist by his opponents and in the media, but he fiercely rejected this label and explicitly distanced himself from far-right politicians such as the Belgian Filip Dewinter, the Austrian Jörg Haider, or Frenchman Jean-Marie Le Pen whenever compared to them. While F...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=45812 ... Read more

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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Edsger W. Dijkstra, Christiaan Huygens, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Hendrik Lorentz, Paul Ehrenfest, Willem Hendrik Keesom, Abraham Pais, Pieter Zeeman, Walter de Heer, Cornelis Rudolphus Theodorus Krayenhoff, Cees Dekker, Hendrik Casimir, Johannes Diderik Van Der Waals, Frits Zernike, Eric Mazur, Martinus J. G. Veltman, Dirk Coster, Andre Geim, Wubbo Ockels, Karel Niessen, Nicolaas Bloembergen, Leonard Ornstein, George Eugene Uhlenbeck, Willem de Sitter, C. H. D. Buys Ballot, Carolyne M. Van Vliet, Peter Mazur, Dirk Reuyl, Gerardus 't Hooft, Samuel Abraham Goudsmit, Martin Van Marum, Willem 'sgravesande, Adriaan Fokker, Wander Johannes de Haas, Hugo Christiaan Hamaker, Hugo Tetrode, Hendrik Anthony Kramers, Pieter Rijke, Nicolaas Hartsoeker, Gerardus J. Sizoo, Simon Van Der Meer, Antonius Van Den Broek, Albert Polman, Erik Verlinde, Robbert Dijkgraaf, Peter Van Nieuwenhuizen, Johannes Bosscha, Aaldert Wapstra, Jan Burgers, Aldert Van Der Ziel, Pieter Kok, Jan Zaanen, Jona Oberski, Geertruida de Haas-Lorentz, Balthasar Van Der Pol, Jook Walraven, Dirk Ter Haar, Janwillem Van Den Berg, Hugo Rietveld, Hilbrand J. Groenewold, Robijn Bruinsma, Clemens C. J. Roothaan, Dirk Polder, Jos Engelen, Johannes Petrus Kuenen, Hajo Meyer, Stefan Rozental, Carlo Beenakker, Bert Broer, Frans Michel Penning, Carel S. Scholten, Hessel de Vries, Arend Joan Rutgers, Herman Verlinde, Jan Smit, Willem Vos, Arie Andries Kruithof, Daan Frenkel, Bernard de Wit, Gerrit Jan Van Ingen Schenau, Hendricus Stoof. Excerpt: Christiaan Huygens, FRS (English pronunciation: , Dutch: ; 14 April 1629 8 July 1695) was a prominent Dutch mathematician, astronomer, physicist, horologist, and writer of early science fiction. His work included early telescopic studies elucidating the nature... More: http://booksllc.net/?id=42127 ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Science and Its Times, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 578 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.The histories of science, technology, and mathematics merge with the study of humanities and social science in this interdisciplinary reference work. Essays on people, theories, discoveries, and concepts are combined with overviews, bibliographies of primary documents, and chronological elements to offer students a fascinating way to understand the impact of science on the course of human history and how science affects everyday life. Entries represent people and developments throughout the world, from about 2000 B.C. through the end of the twentieth century. ... Read more

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Chapters: Albert Einstein, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Hendrik Lorentz, Paul Ehrenfest, Herman Boerhaave, Frans Van Schooten, Joseph Justus Scaliger, Albert Schultens, Johan Sebastiaan Ploem, Gart Westerhout, Nasr Abu Zayd, Henk Buck, Hans Ras, Willem Einthoven, Pieter Zeeman, Hendrik de Wit, Johan Hendrik Caspar Kern, Johannes Alberti, Caspar Reuvens, Jacobus Arminius, Jane Luu, Justus Lipsius, Janus Dousa, Pieter Van Musschenbroek, Hendrik Casimir, Robert Fruin, George Van Driem, Johan Rudolph Thorbecke, Kofi Abrefa Busia, Mineke Schipper, Carolus Clusius, Jan Oort, Arnold Geulincx, David Ruhnken, Rembert Dodoens, Daniel Heinsius, Wil Roebroeks, Caspar Barlaeus, Franciscus Sylvius, Willem de Sitter, Gerardus Johannes Petrus Josephus Bolland, Jan de Vries, Willebrord Snellius, Ludwig Waldmann, Conrad Vorstius, Lourens Baas Becking, Archibald Pitcairne, Gerardus Vossius, Philipp Clüver, Franciscus Gomarus, Willem 'sgravesande, Henri Wassenbergh, Dominicus Baudius, Wander Johannes de Haas, Jacobus Golius, Andreas Kinneging, Jan Willem de Jong, Cornelis Petrus Tiele, Johan Huizinga, Hugues Doneau, Pieter Rijke, Constantine L'empereur, Bernhardus Albinus, Johannes Van Den Driesche, Ulbo de Sitter, Gerard Unger, Adam Kuper, Thomas Van Erpe, Bernhard Siegfried Albinus, Alex P. Schmid, Emil Selenka, Johannes Cocceius, Kristofer Schipper, Klaas de Groot, Henry G. Schermers, Michael Lew, Berend George Escher, Nadia Bouras, Abraham Kuenen, Karl Martin, Govert Bidloo, Michael Jan de Goeje, Johannes Jacobus Poortman, Rudolph Snellius, Hermann Witsius, Carel Gabriel Cobet, Barend Mons, Ewine Van Dishoeck, Femme Gaastra, Eduard Meijers, Paul Newman, Tiberius Hemsterhuis, Leonard Blussé, Jean-Nicolas-Sébastien Allamand, Jan Van Der Hoeven, Cornelis Van Vollenhoven, Hermann Werner Siemens, Bonaventura Vulcanius, Hendrik C. Van de Hulst, Jan Zaanen, Cornelis Johannes Van Houten, Paul Hermann, Ludolph Van Ceulen, Leo Brongersma, Friedrich Spanheim,...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=736 ... Read more