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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In mathematics, more specifically in the theory of C*-algebras, a universal C*-algebra is one characterized by a universal property. A universal C*-algebra can be expressed as a presentation, in terms of generators and relations. One requires that the generators must be realizable as bounded operators on a Hilbert space, and that the relations must prescribe a uniform bound on the norm of each generator. For example, the universal C*-algebra generated by a unitary element u has presentation . By the functional calculus, this C*-algebra is the continuous functions on the unit circle in the complex plane. Any C*-algebra containing a unitary element is the homomorphic image of this universal C*-algebra. ... Read more

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Originally published in 1914.This volume from the Cornell University Library's print collections was scanned on an APT BookScan and converted to JPG 2000 format by Kirtas Technologies.All titles scanned cover to cover and pages may include marks notations and other marginalia present in the original volume. ... Read more

Product Description
This book an EXACT reproduction of the original book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

Product Description
This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

Product Description
The 18th century was a wealth of knowledge, exploration and rapidly growing technology and expanding record-keeping made possible by advances in the printing press. In its determination to preserve the century of revolution, Gale initiated a revolution of its own: digitization of epic proportions to preserve these invaluable works in the largest archive of its kind. Now for the first time these high-quality digital copies of original 18th century manuscripts are available in print, making them highly accessible to libraries, undergraduate students, and independent scholars.
Medical theory and practice of the 1700s developed rapidly, as is evidenced by the extensive collection, which includes descriptions of diseases, their conditions, and treatments. Books on science and technology, agriculture, military technology, natural philosophy, even cookbooks, are all contained here.
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The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition identification:
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Bodleian Library (Oxford)

T187815

'Matheseos universalis elementa' was first printed in Leiden in 1727.

London : printed for Samuel Paterson, 1752. iv,187,[1]p.,plates ; 8° ... Read more

Product Description
The 18th century was a wealth of knowledge, exploration and rapidly growing technology and expanding record-keeping made possible by advances in the printing press. In its determination to preserve the century of revolution, Gale initiated a revolution of its own: digitization of epic proportions to preserve these invaluable works in the largest archive of its kind. Now for the first time these high-quality digital copies of original 18th century manuscripts are available in print, making them highly accessible to libraries, undergraduate students, and independent scholars.
Medical theory and practice of the 1700s developed rapidly, as is evidenced by the extensive collection, which includes descriptions of diseases, their conditions, and treatments. Books on science and technology, agriculture, military technology, natural philosophy, even cookbooks, are all contained here.
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The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition identification:
++++
Bodleian Library (Oxford)

T187811

'Matheseos universalis elementa' was first printed in Leiden in 1727.With a final advertisement page.

London : printed for John Senex, 1728. iv,187,[1]p.,plates ; 8° ... Read more

Product Description
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process.We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide.We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

Product Description
This book should be of interest to graduate-level courses in algebra or universal algebra. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

Excellent book, but somewhat inconsistent level of difficulty
This is a two-volume work and I am reviewing Volume 1.

This book serves as an introduction to universal algebra.The authors claim it is meant to be accessible to someone with only a modest exposure to abstract algebra but I think that in order to get much out of it, one would actually have to have more than a single course under their belt.However, I think this book is well suited to self-study.It is perhaps better suited to self study than it is suited for use as a textbook for a course.

I find this book to be extraordinarily clear overall, but the level of difficulty is not consistent.The first chapter introduces universal algebra, and is relatively straightforward.The second chapter introduces lattices; although most of it is straightforward, there are a handful of subtle points and moderately difficult proofs.The third chapter is almost more elementary than the previous two, providing more concrete examples.The later chapters are much more difficult and start getting into the real results.

My other complaint of it is the choice of topics: it is not anywhere near comprehensive.Yet many of the topics introduced in the first few chapters don't see applications readily.While this makes it easy to skip around in the book, it makes me also wonder about the choice of topics.I think this book would be enriched by the authors choosing one of two roads: either including more results from basic abstract algebra, or making the material more logically concise.As the book stands, it explores a lot of various types of algebras, but in very little depth.

I am sad that this book is out of print; I think this reflects a lack of interest in the subject; I would recommend the purchase of this book for a reasonable price, but not the exorbitant one asked by most dealers, especially given that one of the best universal algebra texts is available for free online. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In mathematics, specifically universal algebra, a variety of algebras is the class of all algebraic structures of a given signature satisfying a given set of identities. Equivalently, a variety is a class of algebraic structures of the same signature which is closed under the taking of homomorphic images, subalgebras and (direct) products. In the context of category theory, a variety of algebras is usually called a finitary algebraic category. A covariety is the class of all coalgebraic structures of a given signature. A variety of algebras should not be confused with an algebraic variety. Intuitively, a variety of algebras is an equationally defined collection of algebras, while an algebraic variety is an equationally defined collection of elements from a single algebra. The two are named alike by analogy, but they are formally quite distinct and their theories have little in common. ... Read more