Geometry.Net - Science: Echinodermata

Introduction To The Echinodermata
Overview of the systematics and ecology of starfish, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, sea urchins, and Category Science Biology Flora and Fauna Animalia echinodermataIntroduction to the echinodermata. . . . from starfish to sea cucumbers.. . Click on the buttons below to find out more about the echinodermata.
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/echinodermata/echinodermata.html

Extractions: A nyone who has been to the beach has probably seen starfish or sand dollars. The more intrepid beachcomber may find brittle stars sea cucumbers , or sea urchins. These and many other organisms, living and extinct, make up the Echinodermata, the largest phylum to lack any freshwater or land representatives. Most living echinoderms, like this sand dollar from Baja California, are pentameral ; that is, they have fivefold symmetry, with rays or arms in fives or multiples of five. However, a number of fossil echinoderms were not pentameral at all, and some had downright bizarre shapes. Echinoderms have a system of internal water-filled canals, which in many echinoderms form suckered "tube feet", with which the animal may move or grip objects. Click on the buttons below to find out more about the Echinodermata Images and information about various living California echinoderms are available through the DELTA Project of the California State University system. Visit the Echinoderm Homepage at the California Academy of Sciences for additional information and links. Or peruse the
Morphology Of Echinodermata
echinodermata Morphology. Echinoderms have been compared to living, moving castles. TheInvertebrates. Volume IV echinodermata. McGrawHill, New York.
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/echinodermata/echinomm.html

Extractions: Echinoderms have been compared to living, moving castles. Castles are made of interlocking blocks, with a single main entrance and numerous slit windows for air and for defense. Echinoderm skeletons are made up of interlocking calcium carbonate plates and spines. This skeleton is enclosed by the epidermis and is thus an endoskeleton. In some, such as sea urchins, the plates fit together tightly. In others, such as starfish, the plates are more loosely bound, and in sea cucumbers the plates are usually microscopic. But whatever their shape, the plates of echinoderms have a very typical microstructure: electron microscopy reveals them to be, not solid blocks, but fine networks of calcium carbonate forming a structure known as stereom . Each skeletal element of an echinoderm is actually a single crystal of calcium carbonate, very finely branched and structured.
Classification Of The Extant Echinodermata
Describes the taxonomic groupings and provides links to images of some taxa.
http://www.calacademy.org/research/izg/echinoderm/classify.htm

Extractions: We welcome updates or corrections to this list. Asteroidea (after Blake, 1987 and Clark and Downey, 1992) Ctenodiscididae Goniopectinidae Luidiidae This family is monotypic containing only the genus Luidia . Members of this family are burrowers into sandy substrates. Members of this family have anywere from 5 to 15 arms. Several species in this taxa are of considerable size. One species Luidia superba from the Galapagos is one of the largest asteroids in the world.
The CAS Echinoderm Web Page
Abstracts from the Ninth International Echinoderm Conference, with links to other echinodermata resources.
http://www.calacademy.org/research/izg/echinoderm/

Extractions: Links to other Invertebrate Zoology and Paleontology resources Abstracts from the 9th IEC The 9th International Echinoderm Conference was held in San Francisco at the Seven Hills Conference Center on the campus of San Francisco State University on August 5th to Friday August 9th, 1996. Nearly 250 abstracts are available for browsing. Proceedings from the 9th IEC have now been published by Balkema, Rotterdam. Dr. Rich Mooi
Phylum Echinodermata
Some characteristics of the phylum that includes starfish, sea cucumbers, sea urchins, crinoids and brittle stars.
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/echinodermata.html
Echinodermata Hub
Echinoderm links.
http://www.projectlinks.org/echinodermata/

Extractions: Welcome to Echinodermata Hub site. On this site, you will find the most informational and up-to-date links about Echinodermata. Cell Line Screening Data for Families in the Phylum Echinodermata - by the Natural Products Branch of the Developmental Therapeutics Progam, Division of Cancer Treatment, Diagnosis and Centers, National Cancer Institute. The echinodermata - starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucuambers, aand crinoiads - from Columbia University. Echinodermata - Spiny-skinned animals: sea urchins, starfish, and their allies - by Gregory A. Wray , Duke University Department Of Zoology. Echinodermata Lesson - by Tim Lynch. Phylum Echinodermata - by the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Phylum Echinodermata echinoderms - by The University of Alabama Center for Communication and Educational Technology. Phylum Echinodermata - by MEER (Marine and Environmental Education and Research). Phylum Echinodermata - Subphylum Asterozoa (Ordovician - Recent) - from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Phylum Echinodermata - sea stars, brittle stars, sand dollars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids/sea lilies.
Echinodermata - Introduction
The echinodermata, (from the Greek meaning spiny skin), is a phylum containing about 6000 species, and constitutes the only major group of deuterostome* invertebrates.
http://www-biol.paisley.ac.uk/courses/Tatner/biomedia/units/echi1.htm

Extractions: Unit: Echinodermata 1 Introduction The Echinodermata, (from the Greek meaning spiny skin), is a phylum containing about 6000 species, and constitutes the only major group of deuterostome* invertebrates. Since most echinoderms possess some form of calcareous* skeleton, we have a very good fossil record of the evolution of this group, although many aspects of their evolution are far from clear. Their relationship to other phyla is also poorly understood, for the echinoderms were already well differentiated at the onset of the Palaeozoic* era, and their distinctive characteristics seem to be unparalleled in any other group. The echinoderms are a large and successful, entirely marine group of coelomate* animals. They are mainly free-living, but fossil evidence indicates that they are derived from sessile* ancestors and they have shown two mutually opposing trends. The first trend has been towards a free-living habit, with the development of jaws and oral appendages for seeking out food. The second, more primitive trend, has been to adopt a sessile habit and become attached to the substratum by the aboral* surface or stalk. The crinoids (
BIOSIS | Resource Guide | Echinodermata
Checklist of the Metazoa part 5, echinodermata classification scheme. Classification of the Extant echinodermata
http://www.biosis.org/zrdocs/zoolinfo/grp_ech.htm

Extractions: Pull Down for Destinations BIOSIS Previews Zoological Record MethodsFinder Index to Organism Names Internet Resource Guide for Zoology User Support Search Sitemap Index Help with this Site Introduction About the Resource Guide Awards Latest Additions ... Search Links to miscellaneous resources of use in the study of echinoderms (starfish,
Echinodermata
echinodermata. Summary phylogenetic hypothesis of the echinodermata, based on Davidand Mooi (1997), Littlewood et al. (1997), and Sumrall and Sprinkle (1997).
http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Echinodermata&contgroup=Deuterostomia
Jeff's Nudibranch Site And Coral Reef Gallery
Devoted primarily to the nudibranchs of the Philippines, but also contains information and photographs about crinoids (echinodermata) and reef organisms in general.
http://divegallery.com/

Extractions: ...an informative site featuring a modest collection of original underwater photos from my travels in the Philippine Islands Welcome!.......over 220 full-size underwater images in numerous galleries, arranged for easy browsing...........for specific inquiries try using the search link on this page...............click on one of the above samples for a preview.........see some short sea dragon video clips in Gallery IV............use the hyperlinks on the large table below for accessing MANY more underwater photos............thanks for visiting............I enjoy reading and answering all your e-mails...............if you have questions, SLUGgestions, comments or can assist with species names please e-mail me using the hyperlink at the bottom of the page or at:seaslugs@hotmail.com....... So , you ask...
Redirect To New ToL Page
echinodermata. Spinyskinned animals sea urchins, starfish, and their allies
http://phylogeny.arizona.edu/tree/eukaryotes/animals/echinodermata/echinodermata
Untitled Document
Photographs of members of each class.
http://204.154.117.95/AnimalBiology/Echinodermata/Echinodermata.html
Page Has Been Relocated
echinodermata. Cambrian to Recent
http://www.kheper.auz.com/gaia/biosphere/echinoderms/echinodermata.htm
Untitled Document
Photographs of members of each class.Category Science Biology Flora and Fauna Animalia echinodermataPhylum echinodermata, To Down load echinodermata power point presentationClass Crinoidea, Class Asteroidea, Class Ophiuroidea, Class Echinoidea,
http://www.biology.ucok.edu/AnimalBiology/Echinodermata/Echinodermata.html
Echinodermata
Characteristics and phylogeny of the spinyskinned animals sea urchins, starfish, and their allies.
http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Echinodermata&contgroup=Metazoa
Echinoderms (starfish, Brittle Star, Sea Urchin, Feather Star, Sea Cucumber)
s of the major species of echinodermata (starfish, brittle star, sea urchin, feather star, sea cucumber) with illustrations and links to photos.
http://www.starfish.ch/reef/echinoderms.html

Extractions: dasriffdasriffdasriffdasriffdas riffdasriffdasriffdasriffdasriffdasriffdasriffdasriffdasriffdasriffdas Invertebrate Animals that lack a back-bone (vertebrae). Top End 5 pages with 110 photos of echinoderms (Echinodermata) There are 5 related classes in the phylum Echinodermata (the Latin name means "spiny-skinned"): Echinoderms are characterized by radial symmetry, several arms (5 or more) radiating from a central body (= pentamerous). The body actually consists of five equal segments, each containing a duplicate set of various internal organs. They have no heart, brain, nor eyes. Their mouth is situated on the underside and their anus on top (except feather stars, sea cucumbers and some urchins). Echinoderms have tentacle-like structures called tube feet with suction pads situated at their extremities. These tube feet are hydraulically controlled by a remarkable vascular system. This system supplies water through canals of small muscular tubes to the tube feet (= ambulacral feet). As the tube feet press against a moving object, water is withdrawn from them, resulting in a suction effect. When water returns to the canals, suction is released. The resulting locomotion is generally very slow.
Zoological Record Systematic Thesaurus - Echinodermata
Zoological Record Systematic Thesaurus echinodermata Return to ZRThesaurus Home Page Return to Systematic Hierarchy Top Page
http://www.biosis.org/zrdocs/zr_thes/systthes/echinodermata.html
The Ophiuroidea
A brief introduction to modern and ancient brittle stars by UCMP Berkeley.
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/echinodermata/ophiuroidea.html

Extractions: Ophiuroids are a large group (over 1600 species) of echinoderms that includes the brittle stars (Ophiurida) and basket stars (Euryalida). The more familiar Ophiurida, or brittle stars, usually have five arms and superficially resemble true starfish (Asteroidea). However, brittle stars have long, flexible arms (hence the other common name for ophiuroids, "snake stars" and a central, armored, disk-shaped body that is clearly demarcated from the arms. Instead of crawling on hundreds of tube feet like starfish, brittle stars move fairly rapidly by wriggling their arms. These agile arms are supported by an internal skeleton of calcium carbonate plates that superficially look like vertebrae, and that are in fact called vertebral ossicles . These are moved by a system of muscles and linked together by ball-and-socket joints. The body and arms are also protected by calcium carbonate plates, and the arms generally bear delicate spines. Basket stars (Euryalida) have a similar structure to brittle stars, although they are usually larger. However, their arms are very highly forked and branched, and even more flexible than those of brittle stars. Ophiuroids can be found in most parts of the world, from the Arctic and Antarctic to the tropics. Ophiuroids are common in many shallow-water marine habitats, and include a few species which can adapt to brackish water, which is quite unusual for echinoderms. Ophiuroids are dominant in many parts of the deep sea, where in certain regions the bottom may swarm with brittle starts. Basket stars also tend to live in deeper water. Most ophiuroids are scavengers and detritus feeders, although they also prey on small live animals such as small crustaceans and worms. Some, in particular the basket stars, filter-feed on plankton with their arms.
About - Echinodermata
echinodermata Guide picks. Members of the phylum echinodermata include sea lilies,sea daisies, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers.
http://animals.about.com/cs/echinodermata/
Echinodermata - Biomedia Zoology Museum
echinodermata. Unit 1 Introduction. Two features of the BEHAVIOUR of holothuriansare of particular interest. Unit 7 - Key features of echinodermata.
http://www-biol.paisley.ac.uk/biomedia/text/txt_echino.htm

Extractions: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES University of Paisley Glossary* Gallery^ The Echinodermata, (from the Greek meaning spiny skin), is a phylum containing about 6000 species, and constitutes the only major group of deuterostome invertebrates. Since most echinoderms possess some form of calcareous skeleton, we have a very good fossil record of the evolution of this group, although many aspects of their evolution are far from clear. Their relationship to other phyla is also poorly understood, for the echinoderms were already well differentiated at the onset of the Palaeozoic era, and their distinctive characteristics seem to be unparalleled in any other group. The echinoderms are a large and successful, entirely marine group of coelomate animals. They are mainly free-living, but fossil evidence indicates that they are derived from sessile ancestors and they have shown two mutually opposing trends. The first trend has been towards a free-living habit, with the development of jaws and oral appendages for seeking out food. The second, more primitive trend, has been to adopt a sessile habit and become attached to the substratum by the aboral surface or stalk. The crinoids (feather stars^) are the only surviving group whose members are primarily sessile. General agreement has yet to be reached on many points of echinoderm classification, as may be seen from the alternative classification to be found in different textbooks. However, most workers divide the living echinoderms into four classes;

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