Geometry.Net - Science: Levitation Magnetic

MAGLEV MAGNETIC LEVITATION SUSPENSION DEVICE
Up to SCIENCE HOBBYIST Up to MAGLEV magnetic levitation DEVICE.Schematic. Parts Halleffect field sensor. Here's the schematic
http://www.amasci.com/maglev/magschem.html

Extractions: Up to SCIENCE HOBBYIST Up to MAGLEV Here's the schematic of the device depicted in the photo. Each of the ten coil-assemblies has its own copy of the above circuit. The SS41 is a Microswitch Hall Effect magnetic field sensor IC that I found in All Electronics currently has one for $.50, HESW-5, but it is a surface-mount package with tiny, hard-to-solder leads. The professional supplier for hall-effect devices is Allegro Micro . They probably have a minimum $$ for mail order though. Here are some common Hall effect magnetic field sensors. Also, page down to here. The power supply is "bipolar", meaning that you need TWO supplies, one pos and one neg. The coils I used needed 24 volts DC each, so my supply was +-24 (or 48 v with a center common). I could run it for short periods using eight 9v batteries ( +- 36 v). If you use 12 volt coils, you'll be able to use a more common 12V dc supply. Note for experimenters: if you always use the SAME polarity of magnet, you could get rid of one power supply, and the entire circuit becomes simple: just drive the coil with a Darlington transistor switched by the Hall chip and a pullup resistor. The magleve cradle could be built this way if the bar magnet was always inserted in the same direction (but then you could never use this as a maglev train system.) Transistors, diodes
High-Speed Monorail
Firm formed to develop highspeed magnetic levitation monorails.
http://www.nctransportation.com/

Extractions: HIGH-SPEED MONORAIL a "Maglift TM " Technology * Perfect for inter-city corridors where highway right-of-way is available and high-speed, high-capacity service is needed. * For crowded metro (commuter) systems where high passenger-carrying capacity is needed and right-of-way is scarce. Summary of this Web Sit e This monorail system has a wrap-around-the-beam design which makes it extraordinarily stable, safe, comfortable, and fast. It is an advance version of earlier monorail designs with greatly improved performance. This high-speed monorail is powered by a linear motor which is very quiet (has no moving parts), drives the monorail at high speeds, enables it to climb steep grades, and operates in rain, snow or ice. By combining this type of fixed guideway system and linear induction motors, a substantial amount of "lift" can be generated as well as "thrust". This Maglift TM technology has been qualified by the federal government as being eligible for federal funding under traditional "maglev" programs. However, this Maglift
HFML, Levitation
This is the first observation of magnetic levitation of living organisms as wellas the first images of diamagnetics levitated in a normal, roomtemperature
http://www-hfml.sci.kun.nl/hfml/froglev.html

Extractions: Whether an object will or will not levitate in a magnetic field B is defined by the balance between the magnetic force F = M B and gravity mg = V g where is the material density, V is the volume and g = 9.8m/s . The magnetic moment M = ( )VB so that F = ( )BV B = ( )V B . Therefore, the vertical field gradient B required for levitation has to be larger than g/ . Molecular susceptibilities are typically for diamagnetics and for paramagnetic materials and, since is most often a few g/cm , their magnetic levitation requires field gradients and 10 T /m, respectively. Taking l = 10cm as a typical size of high-field magnets and B ~ B /l as an estimate, we find that fields of the order of 1 and 10T are sufficient to cause levitation of para- and diamagnetics. This result should not come as a surprise because, as we know, magnetic fields of less than 0.1T can levitate a superconductor ( = -1) and, from the formulas above, the magnetic force increases as
Levitron Top To Fantazein Clock - Cool Science Toys & Gifts.
Offering magnetic levitation products, water fountains, and toys.
http://www.innovatoys.com/
Magnetic Levitation
Is magnetic levitation Possible? A theorem due to Samuel Earnshaw proves that it is not possible to achieve static
http://www-hfml.sci.kun.nl/hfml/levitation-possible.html

Extractions: [Physics FAQ] Original by Philip Gibbs and Andre Geim, 18-March-1997 A theorem due to Samuel Earnshaw proves that it is not possible to achieve static levitation using any combination of fixed magnets and electric charges. Static levitation means stable suspension of an object against gravity. There are, however, a few ways of to levitate by getting round the assumptions of the theorem. The proof of Earnshaw's theorem is very simple if you understand some basic vector calculus. The static force as a function of position F x acting on any body in vacuum due to gravitation, electrostatic and magnetostatic fields will always be divergenceless. div F . At a point of equilibrium the force is zero. If the equilibrium is stable the force must point in towards the point of equilibrium on some small sphere around the point. However, by Gauss' theorem, F x ).d S F dV /S /V the integral of the radial component of the force over the surface must be equal to the integral of the divergence of the force over the volume inside which is zero. QED! This theorem even applies to extended bodies which may even be flexible and conducting so long as they are not diamagnetic. They will always be unstable to lateral rigid displacements of the body in some direction about any position of equilibrium. You cannot get round it using any combination of fixed magnets with fixed pendulums or whatever.
Visual Levitation - Magnetic Levitation And Suspension
Available Now Click Here. Unique magnetic levitation devices, with patented 2 ampmagnetic suspension technology, objects up to 3kg float in mid air.
http://www.visuallevitation.com/
The Pennsylvania Project - High Speed Maglev
Site regarding the proposed magnetic levitation train between Greensburg, Monroeville, Pittsburgh, and the Pittsburgh International Airport.
http://www.maglevpa.com/
Visual Levitation - Magnetic Levitation And Suspension
Marketing of unique levitation devices patented 2 amp magnetic suspensiontechnology, objects up to 3kg float in mid air.
http://www.visuallevitation.com/DesignGallery1.htm
'Maglev' Dreams Floating On Air
The idea of magnetic levitation trains is not a new one, but the technology behind them up has always been too costly. That may be about to change. By Heidi Kriz. Wired News
http://www.wired.com/news/news/story/17331.html
Schematic For The Antigravity Relay
magnetic levitation Schematic.
http://www.oz.net/~coilgun/levitation/schematic.htm
Not A Bird Or Plane, Just Shanghai's New Maglev, The World's Fastest Train
The magnetic levitation train is finally a reality, as reporter Ron Gluckman shows on a test ride on the world's fastest train, in Shanghai.
http://www.gluckman.com/Maglev.html

Extractions: Is it a Bird? A Plane? Nope, only Shanghai's flashy new Maglev, the world's fastest train. Way ahead of its time seven decades ago, the still-futuristic magnetic levitation system may yet redefine travel everywhere. By Ron Gluckman/Shanghai,China L IKE MANY ON THE MAINLAND, I was on the move over the Chinese New Year. My flight lifted off early on the last morning of the Year of the Horse, touching down at the airport eight minutes later. Yet it never left the ground. My flight - that's what it was called - was aboard Shanghai's spanking-new Maglev (magnetic levitation) train, the world's fastest, most futuristic passenger line. Longest-awaited, too, since it's been an astonishing seven decades since the invention of the process that was finally put to a test on the next-to-the-last day of last year, when Premier Zhu Rongji took an inaugural ride with Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder of Germany, which helped fund and build this line. Now, common cadres were having a turn. Local media called them "joyrides," these series of trial runs to the international airport in Pudong , across the river from Shanghai proper, that add a bit of flash to the Spring Festival. They certainly live up to the billing.
Diamagnetic Levitation
The July 22 Nature paper, magnetic levitation at your fingertips, describes two configurationswhere diamagnetic materials are used to stabilize the levitation
http://www.physics.ucla.edu/marty/diamag/

Extractions: Many common materials such as water, wood, plants, animals, diamonds, fingers, etc. are usually considered to be non-magnetic but in fact, they are very weakly diamagnetic. Diamagnets repel, and are repelled by a strong magnetic field. The electrons in a diamagnetic material rearrange their orbits slightly creating small persistent currents which oppose the external magnetic field. Two of the strongest diamagnetic materials are graphite and bismuth. The forces created by diamagnetism are extremely weak, millions of times smaller than the forces between magnets and such common ferromagnetic materials as iron. However, in certain carefully arranged situations, the influence of diamagnetic materials can produce startling effects such as levitation. It was proved in 1842 that it is impossible to stably levitate any static array of magnets by any arrangement of fixed magnets and gravity. However, the addition of diamagnetic materials makes such levitation possible. The July 22 Nature paper, Magnetic Levitation at your fingertips , describes two configurations where diamagnetic materials are used to stabilize the levitation of a magnet in the field of a fixed lifting magnet.
Levitating World Globes, Visual Levitation - Magnetic Levitation And Suspension
HOME These Prices are in £UK and are inclusive of delivery to UK/USA / CANADA and most other countries. For an idea of what you
http://www.shopping-emporium.co.uk/floating-globes/floating-globes.htm

Extractions: Currency Converter All globes shipped with AC adaptor appropriate to the country of use. ORDER / ENQUIRY FORM YOUR DETAILS, YOU MUST FILL IN ANYTHING MARKED Billing address: MUST BE THE ADDRESS OF THE CARDHOLDER, IF YOU DO NOT WISH YOU ITEM TO BE DELIVERED HERE THEN FILL OUT THE DELIVERY ADDRESS DETAILS LOWER ON THIS FORM Street: City: State or County: Zip or Post Code: Country Phone: E-Mail: Mailing/Delivery Address : ONLY FILL THIS IN IF ITS DIFFERENT TO THE BILLING ADDRESS (ABOVE) Name Street: City: State/County: Zip/Post Code: Country Recipients Tel No: Recipients Email address: Delivery instructions or enquiry details / special instructions: Enquiry/Instructions
Amlev (American Magentic Levitation) Is A Fulfilled Dream Of Engineers.
AMLEV is a high speed transportation system ensuring absolutely stable and safe flight of a vehicle in its own magnetic field with a speed up to 540 km/h (150 m/s) without a servo control system.
http://www.amlevtrans.com

Extractions: Inventor Oleg V. Tozoni AMLEV is a high speed transportation system ensuring absolutely safe and stable flight of a vehicle in its own magnetic field with a speed up to 540 km/h m/s ) without a servo control system. Like a live creature it reacts instantly and faultlessly to any deviation from its position on a projected track or any deflection of the vehicle speed from its given value by producing internal magnetic stabilizing forces sufficient to eliminate such variations. It has been achieved thanks to a special design of Amlev devices: both suspension and propulsion, performed in such a way that resilient magnetic lines in their air gaps work like stretched bowstrings. Amlev is based only on rare-earth permanent magnets and laminated steel cores covered by an aluminum layer. FIG.1 (Click to Enlarge) AMLEV is capable of maintaining levitation force weight of levitated magnets. Permissible lateral pressure is up to 6 t per vehicle of the length 22 m mm.
Levitating World Globes, Visual Levitation - Magnetic Levitation And Suspension
HOME.
http://www.shopping-emporium.co.uk/floating-globes/footcatkin-willow.htm
Boeing: MagLev Homepage
of the magnetic levitation upgrade to the Holloman High Speed Test Track at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico.
http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/space/maglev/

Extractions: MagLev More Information MagLev Home Current Activity Division of Work Features Facts Boeing is part of the General Atomics/Bechtel/Foster-Miller team designing and building a magnetic levitation upgrade to the Holloman High Speed Test Track at Holloman Air Force Base , New Mexico. The upgrade is a multiphased effort to provide a Hypersonic Ground Test Facility for the Air Force and the nation. The MagLev system will not only provide important test capability for our national defense, but will also establish many of the design parameters needed to understand this technology's potential for launch assist. That's why Boeing is working to leverage this MagLev technology for the benefit of NASA programs such as the Highly Reusable Space Transportation Phase II study The research reported in this paper was sponsored by the 46th Test Group (AFMC), Holloman AFB, NM, under a Boeing North American, Inc. subcontract through contract F08635-94-C-0016 with General Atomics. Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations contained in this article are those of the author and are not necessarily endorsed by the US Air Force. MagLev Home Current Activities Division of Work Features ... Privacy
HFML, Levitation
magnetic bearings. Unlike the flyingfrog levitation , this levitationdoes not require extreme magnetic fields. Do it yourself !
http://www.hfml.kun.nl/fingertip.html

Extractions: The fingertip levitation is far from being only fun. It breaks down one of the most lasting prejudices in physics that stable levitation of a magnet was impossible. The other side of the coin - no less beautiful - is that the illustrated principle allows frictionless magnetic bearings which, being passive and cheap, find their way into high-tech devices. According to the general laws of physics, a magnet unlike a diamagnet, can NOT levitate. The Maxwell equations do not allow this. End of discussion. The so-called Earnshaws theorem We have found a way to cheat the nature and "break down" Earnshaws theorem. As described in the recent paper "Magnet Levitation At Your Fingertips" (.PDF format) , we stabilize levitation of a magnet by using feeble diamagnetic forces created by seemingly non-magnetic materials such as graphite, bismuth or even human fingers. Scientifically speaking, we use non-local interaction of a magnet with a diamagnetic medium, a possibility not considered previously. So, no need to worry: the Maxwell equations survive after all.
Popular Mechanics - Science
Article on Inductrack room temperature magnetic levitation system being developed at LLNL. Date 2000.05.00
http://popularmechanics.com/popmech/sci/9805STTRM.html

Extractions: PM Science Editor Reports Live From Gulf War II, U.S. Central Command DOHA, Qatar, March 21 Sources close to British intelligence say that a tip by a mole in the Iraqi leadership convinced the U.S.-led coalition to delay the start of the ground phase of Gulf War II, to allow time for a hastily planned "decapitation attack" against Saddam Hussein. That attackwhich took place shortly after the 48-hour exile ultimatum issued to Hussein expired at 4:15 am local time on Thursdayfailed. A second cruise-missile attack launched after Saddam Hussein appeared on Iraqi television also failed, but it destroyed several so-called leadership targets in the center of Baghdad. Six reports from the 2003 annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. First up, climate-change epidemics A unique monthly feature that digests the lives of famous people who, coincidentally, wrote for POPULAR MECHANICS last century. Dig in
Magnetic Levitation
Physics FAQ. Original by Philip Gibbs and Andre Geim, 18March-1997.Is magnetic levitation Possible? A theorem due to Samuel Earnshaw
http://www.hfml.kun.nl/levitation-possible.html

Extractions: [Physics FAQ] Original by Philip Gibbs and Andre Geim, 18-March-1997 A theorem due to Samuel Earnshaw proves that it is not possible to achieve static levitation using any combination of fixed magnets and electric charges. Static levitation means stable suspension of an object against gravity. There are, however, a few ways of to levitate by getting round the assumptions of the theorem. The proof of Earnshaw's theorem is very simple if you understand some basic vector calculus. The static force as a function of position F x acting on any body in vacuum due to gravitation, electrostatic and magnetostatic fields will always be divergenceless. div F . At a point of equilibrium the force is zero. If the equilibrium is stable the force must point in towards the point of equilibrium on some small sphere around the point. However, by Gauss' theorem, F x ).d S F dV /S /V the integral of the radial component of the force over the surface must be equal to the integral of the divergence of the force over the volume inside which is zero. QED! This theorem even applies to extended bodies which may even be flexible and conducting so long as they are not diamagnetic. They will always be unstable to lateral rigid displacements of the body in some direction about any position of equilibrium. You cannot get round it using any combination of fixed magnets with fixed pendulums or whatever.
ABCNEWS.com : Seven Maglev Train Finalists
Seven projects in seven states are working on developing the nation's first magnetic levitation train. The hope is to reduce congestion with highspeed rail.
http://www.abcnews.go.com/sections/tech/DailyNews/trains990525.html

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