Geometry.Net - Science: Mycorrhizae

Current Research Projects
The University of The West Indies. mycorrhizae Research Group. Recently, interesthas been developed on the fungal symbionts involved in orchid mycorrhizae.
http://users.sunbeach.net/users/lec/curres.html

Extractions: Page under construction Agriculture in Barbados takes place on a wide range of soil types. Samples of soil were collected and each divided into three subsamples. Two sets of subsamples were placed in flower pots and non-mycorrhizal bean, pepper and corn plants transplanted into one set. The second set was planted with corn seeds. The phytometers were harvested at one week intervals and their roots assessed for VAM fungal colonisation. The remaining subsamples were wet-seived to determine spore populations. Results from this project were presented at the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Caribbean Food Crops Society in Honduras, 7-13 July 1996 and at the First International Conference on Mycorrhizae, University of California at Berkeley, 4-9 August 1996. ( Abstract at the ICOM 1 site A recent student project showed that insecticides can have a negative effect on plant growth. This may be a direct effect or it could involve interaction between the insecticides and mycorrhizal fungi.
Benefits Of Mycorrhizae
mycorrhizae appear to be essential for most if not all tree species. mycorrhizaehave been shown to Benefits of mycorrhizae. VA, Ecto, Ericoid. Pi uptake, +, +,+.
http://treebiol.forest.wisc.edu/forestry415/TreeStructure/symbioses/treeBenes.ht
FAQ's On Mycorrhizae
orchards, and mine reclamation. 3. Is there mycorrhizae in the plantsthat I buy at the nursery? Probably not. Even if there was
http://66.155.28.174/FAQ's_on_Mycorrhizae.htm

Extractions: 9. What differences are there between commercial suppliers available? What is mycorrhiza? Mycorrhiza is a mutualistic relationship between a natural fungus and roots. Scientist tell us that the relationship has been around for 400 million years although discovered only 100 years ago by a scientist in Germany. Where can the introduction of mycorrhizal fungi with roots have the greatest effect? In disturbed soils, the kinds found in landscape projects, restoration, new grove/orchards, and mine reclamation. Is there mycorrhizae in the plants that I buy at the nursery? Probably not. Even if there was a mycorrhizal fungi present in nursery stock the species that would thrive in a nursery setting would probably offer little benefit in a real world landscape, restoration, or forestry planting. What about field grown plant materials - would they have beneficial mycorrhizal fungi associated with the roots?
Plant Species And Type Of Mycorrhizae
PLANT SPECIE BY mycorrhizae TYPE. DIEHARD Mycorrhizal Inoculants Plant SpecieBy mycorrhizae Type. Endomycorrhiza Associates With These Species.
http://66.155.28.174/Plant_Species_and_Type_of_Mycorrhizae .htm

Extractions: Technology Based * Service Lead * Customer Driven PLANT SPECIE BY MYCORRHIZAE TYPE DIEHARD Mycorrhizal Inoculants Endomycorrhiza Associates With These Species Acacia Casuarina Fern Locust Passion Fruit Serviceberry Agapanthus Cassava Fescue London Paulownia Sequoia Ailanthus Catalpa Fig Planetree Paw Paw Silverbell Alder Ceanothus Forsythia Magnolia Pea Sourwood Alfalfa Cedar Fountain Grass Mahogany Peach Soybean Almond Celery Fuchsia Mahonia Peanut Squash Apple Cherry Gardenia Mango Pear Strawberry Apricot Chokeberry Garlic Maples (all) Pecan Sudan Grass Artichoke Chrysanthemum Geranium Marigold Pepper Sugar Cane Ash Citrus (all) Gingko Melons (all) Pistachio Sumac Asparagus Clover Grapes (all) Mesquite Persimmon Sunflower Avocado Coconut Grass (all) Millet Pittosporum Sweetgum Bamboo Coffee Gum Mimosa Plum Sweet potato Basil Coral Tree Hackberry Morning Poinsettia Sycamore Bayberry Corn Hawthorn Glory Potato Tea Bean Cotton Hibiscus Mulberry Poplar Tobacco Begonia Cottonwood Holly Monkey Raintree Tomato Black Locust Crabapple Hophornbeam Pod Raphiolepis Tree-of-heaven Blackberry Cryptomeria Hombeam Nasturtium Raspberry Tupelo Box Elder Cucumber Horsechestnut Okra Redbud Walnut Buckeye Currant Impatiens Olive Redwood Wheat Bulbs Cypress Jojoba Onion Rice Willow Burning Bush Dogwood Juniper Pacific Yew Rose Yam Cacao Eggplant Kiwi Palms (all) Russian Olive Yellow poplar Cactus Elm Leek Palmetto Ryegrass Yucca Camellia Eucalyptus Lettuce Pampas Grass Sassafras Carrot Euonymus Lily Papaya Sagebrush
The Ecology Of Mycorrhizae - Cambridge University Press
Home Catalogue The Ecology of mycorrhizae. Related Areas BiologicalSciences. The Ecology of mycorrhizae. Michael F. Allen. £16.95.
http://books.cambridge.org/0521335531.htm

Extractions: Biological Sciences Hardback Temporarily unavailable - no date available List of figures; Preface; 1. Introduction; 2. Structure-functioning relationships; 3. Evolution; 4. Physiological and population biology; 5. Community ecology; 6. Ecosystem dynamics; 7. Mycorrhizae and succession; 8. Future directions for mycorrhizal research; References; Index.
Evolution Of Mycorrhizae.
Research Branch Publications. Evolution of mycorrhizae. Citation Berch, SM,OK Miller, Jr., and HD Thiers. 1985. Evolution of mycorrhizae. In Proc.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/research/pubs/pubs/0982.htm
What Are Mycorrhizae?
What are mycorrhizae? They are a cooperative relationship between a plant's rootand fungus. Performs function of plant root hairs. Benefits of mycorrhizae.
http://www.ucfv.bc.ca/biology/biol210/1999/Mutualism/Mycorr.htm

Extractions: They are a cooperative relationship between a plant's root and fungus. A relationship with a FUNGUS? Would you like to snuggle up to a bread mould or a mushroom? Although this may sound awful, both partners actually benefit. In fact, 90% of all plants form mycorrhizae; this is a type mutualism. Although there are many types of mycorrhizae, trees of the Coastal Western Hemlock zone are primarily affected by ectomycorrhizae, which form a sheath over the root that is visible to the naked eye. Ectomycorrhizae Although many types of mycorrhiza produce no visible evidence of their existence, ectomycorrhizae produce mushrooms at the surface which are actually the fruiting bodies of the fungi Basidiomycota or Ascomycota. What distinguishes ectomycorrhizae from endomycorrhizae is that its hyphae (tiny branches of the fungal network) enter the plant's root but do not pierce its cells. Instead, the mycelial network grows around the cells, and nutrients are transported between plant root and fungus across the cell membranes. (Mycologue Publications 1998) The fungus is made of of three main parts: Hartig Net : Exchange network inside the plant root Mantle : Visible portion. Dense network of hyphae that forms a protective sheath around the root. Functions in nutrient storage. Can be either black or brightly coloured.
Mycorrhizae
Fact Sheet 0129. mycorrhizae (Myco = fungus Rhiza = root) Angela M. OCallaghan,Ph.D. Southern Area Social Horticulture Specialist. What are mycorrhizae?
http://www.unce.unr.edu/publications/FS01/FS0129.htm

Extractions: When plants live in challenging locations, they often develop mechanisms to help them survive. These include morphological characteristics such as thickened, small or narrow leaves to reduce water loss, slowing the plant's growth rate, or developing a tolerance for high salts and low levels of nutrients. One important set of survival mechanisms involves creating mutually beneficial (symbiotic) relationships between plant roots and soil-borne organisms such as bacteria and fungi. What are mycorrhizae? The associations between roots and fungi are called mycorrhizae. These symbiotic arrangements have been found in about 90% of all land plants, and have been around for approximately 400 million years. Plant roots are hospitable sites for the fungi to anchor and produce their threads (hyphae). The roots provide essential nutrients for the growth of the fungi. In return, the large mass of fungal hyphae acts as a virtual root system for the plants, increasing the amount of water and nutrients that the plant may obtain from the surrounding soil. A plant that forms an association benefiting both the fungus and the plant is a "host." Large numbers of native desert plants are hosts to these fungi and would not survive without them.
Mycorrhizae In Sustainable Agriculture
mycorrhizae in Sustainable Agriculture. The contents explore the importance ofmycorrhizae, not only to plants, but to the soil and its sustainability.
http://www.forages.css.orst.edu/Resources/Media/Publications/Jenny/books256.html

Extractions: Mycorrhizae in Sustainable Agriculture The contents explore the importance of mycorrhizae, not only to plants, but to the soil and its sustainability. The publication provides an excellent up-to-date discussion of mycorrhizae knowledge, how it can be used in sustainable systems, and points out the need for a better understanding of mycorrhizae. G.J. Bethenfalvay and R.G. Linderman, ed Softcover, 124 pages, 1992 CSSA, SSSA, and ASA ASA Special Publication Number 54 Price: $18.00 (members' first copy $15.00) ISBN: 0-89118-112-1 How to Order Please send requests with the title of the item you wish to order, the quantity, your society membership (if not a member, request information), and method of payment to: CSSA Headquarters Office Attn:Book Order Department 677 South Segoe Road Madison, WI 53711-1086 USA To order by Telephone: (608)273-8080 To order by fax, dial: (608)273-2021 To order by e-mail, books@agronomy.org To order by internet, http://www.crops.org/pubcat/
Benefits Of Mycorrhizae
Dr. Ted's Chunky Style Mycobits The benefits of mycorrhizal inoculation TedSt. John, Ph.D. The main benefit is improved uptake of soil phosphorus.
http://www.mycorrhiza.org/benefits.htm

Extractions: The main benefit is improved uptake of soil phosphorus. Because of better phosphorus nutrition, mycorrhizal plants can grow much more quickly than non-mycorrhizal plants. The experiments that show this growth response are done in controlled conditions, and it is unusual for a user in the field to see responses of the kind that are often shown in scientific (or advertising) photos. The user may see a gain of a few percent up to double or triple, depending on plant species, soil factors, fertilization, and whether they already may have native mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizas appear to have only a minimal effect on uptake of nitrogen, although ECM and ericoids may have some effect. Mycorrhizas do not fix nitrogen, but some people may confuse this symbiosis with the N-fixing symbiosis between legumes and bacteria of the genus Rhizobium. There are sometimes big effects of mycorrhizas on certain micronutrients, especially zinc and copper. Mycorrhizal plants are often more drought tolerant. This is a tricky point, since big mycorrhizal plants in pots use water much more quickly than little non-mycorrhizal plants in pots. However, it appears that it can be a very real effect in the ground. This is probably an indirect effect of phosphorus nutrition; plants fertilized with phosphorus show the same improvement. However, in natural conditions, mycorrhizal plants are certainly better suited to face dry conditions than non-mycorrhizal plants.
DLC-ME | The Microbe Zoo | Dirtland | Root Cellar | Mycorrhhizal Fungi | Mycorrh
of roots. Because these mycorrhizae live inside root cells, they arecalled Endomycorrhizal fungi ( endo means inside). These
http://commtechlab.msu.edu/sites/dlc-me/zoo/zdrm0188.html

Extractions: Image Technology: Light Microscopy These white bushy creatures are mycorrhizal fungi living inside the cells of roots. Because these mycorrhizae live inside root cells, they are called "Endomycorrhizal fungi" ("endo" means inside). These fungi form structures inside the cells of plant roots called "arbuscules" which means "little trees." The branches of these little trees are the site of interaction between the cell and the fungus.
Colin Lewis Bonsai: MYCORRHIZAE AND BONSAI
HOME. mycorrhizae Nature's minute miracleworkers. But this is only part of the storyand there is a lot more to this miracle of nature. What are mycorrhizae?
http://www.btinternet.com/~colinlewis.bonsai/Reading/Myco.html

Extractions: Mycorrhiza inoculation IN RECENT YEARS we've read and heard a lot about the benefits of mycorrhiza in association with pines - how that tacky-looking white fluff can actually benefit the tree. But this is only part of the story and there is a lot more to this miracle of nature. What are Mycorrhizae? Before we go further, lets just examine exactly what we mean by mycorrhiza. The term mycorrhiza (plural mycorrhizae) is rather like the term "marriage". It describes an association, a relationship. If both parties to the relationship are compatible, and conditions suitable, they will both benefit. Otherwise the relationship is of no benefit to either and it ceases. One party to this relationship is your tree, the other is a microscopic beneficial fungus. The fungus forms a sheath-like structure at the root tips through which it passes to the tree various nutrients it has gathered from the soil in exchange for food the tree has produced through photosynthesis (remember, fungi are not able to produce their own food in this way).
Mycorrhizae
Summary
http://www.earthworksrestoration.com/id10.htm
SOMA - Morel Mycorrhizae
SOMA is an educational mushroom club in Santa Rosa, California.
http://www.somamushrooms.org/Speakers/Volk/volk.html
SOMA - Morel Mycorrhizae
The life cycle of the morel Are morels mycorrhizal? (A copy of the handoutfrom SOMA meeting 5/17/01) © 2001 Tom Volk Web Page TomVolkFungi.net.
http://www.somamushrooms.org/Speakers/Volk/body_volk.html

Extractions: Because of the consistent association of their fruiting bodies with elms and other trees in the midwest and with conifers in the Pacific Northwest it has long been suspected that the morel ( Morchella spp.) has a specific relationship, possibly mycorrhizal, with plant roots. After inoculating roots of surface sterilized seedlings of Ulmus species (elms), Malus sylvestris (apple), and Picea mariana (black spruce) with mycelium of two Morchella species, an ectomycorrhiza, with a typical mantle and Hartig Net was observed, with associated additional morphological changes. Translocation of a vital dye through Morchella hyphae across a barrier into plant roots was observed. These independent lines of evidence indicate that Morchella (phylum Ascomycota) can form ectomycorrhizae with elms and apple, tree species generally considered to form only endomycorrhizae with Zygomycota fungi. This research also proposes a novel survival strategy for mycorrhizal fungi, in which the fungus reproduces only when certain host trees are unhealthy or dead. These are grounds for reassessment of forest ecology, since these results strongly suggest that more fungi and plants than previously believed can form ectomycorrhizae. The Morchella ectomycorrhizal relationship appears to be part of the natural cycle and an important factor in forest ecosystems.
Www.konza.ksu.edu - /data_catalog/belowground/Mycorrhizae/
www.konza.ksu.edu /data_catalog/belowground/mycorrhizae/. To ParentDirectory Wednesday, February 20, 2002 917 AM 4672 BMS011
http://www.konza.ksu.edu/data_catalog/belowground/Mycorrhizae/
Mycorrhizae - Tree Roots And Their Microbial Partners -- April 1997
In return, mycorrhizae aid the growth and development of their hosts.Plants with abundant mycorrhizae have much larger surface
http://www.greenindustry.com/aa/1997/0497/497treeroots.html

Extractions: In 1994, Sea World of Ohio in Cleveland opened one of the largest marine mammal exhibits in the Midwest. "Dolphin Cove" is a 325,000-gallon pool serving as home for the dolphins. Surrounding the pool is an extensive naturalistic environment that recreates the "look" of a New England landscape. Although the project was under construction for two years, arborists and horticulture crews had just 26 days to establish the entire landscape prior to the exhibit opening. In that short time, 137 large boulders, 181 belled and burlapped trees (with calipers of two to ten inches) and twice that number of shrubs, groundcovers, perennials and grasses were to be planted into man-made soil. Even with strict planting specifications, transplant losses were projected to reach 30 percent by year's end. Most problems associated with urban trees are caused by poor soils and dysfunctional root systems. Native trees, that grew as forest trees on the site prior to urbanization, often have dysfunctional root systems due to construction damage, construction debris in soil, reduced rooting volume, soil compaction, low volume of organic matter and fertility, adverse soil pH and competition from grass. Native and exotic plants planted after urban development face many of the same problems. Transplanted trees are at highest risk; they must rapidly develop functional roots into these stressed soils in order to survive and grow.
Native Plants - Use Of Mycorrhizae In Restoration Of Hawaiian Habitats
Use of mycorrhizae in Restoration of Hawaiian Habitats JN Gemma and Whatbenefits result from using mycorrhizae? In native soils
http://www.hawaii.edu/scb/scinativ_mycor.html

Extractions: In native soils, most plants form mycorrhizae as an adaptation to the low fertility conditions found in the majority of natural ecosystems. The underground network of fungal filaments increases the volume of soil to which the plant root has access. Water and nutrients, particularly phosphorus, from the soil become easily available, resulting in an increase in survival and growth rates. Survival rates can be five or more times greater than that of plants grown without mycorrhizae. Growth rates can be increased by more than tenfold over control plants grown without AM. Mycorrhizal plants also are more resistant to such environmental stresses as drought, cold, salinity, as well as root diseases and certain pathogens. Native ecosystem restoration efforts often occur on disturbed or barren sites of low-fertility. Disturbance can disrupt and even eliminate the underground network of fungal filaments, and barren sites lack the fungi entirely. Absence or disruption of the underground fungal network eliminates or greatly reduces the likelihood that transplanted native species will form mycorrhizal associations. Transplanting AM-inoculated species to such sites not only benefits the individual plant but, more importantly, may result in the development of an underground fungal network that later will allow natural regeneration of native plant seedlings.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae - Angiosperm
Click here to view site photos. Arbuscular mycorrhizae Angiosperm. Sugar Maple- Acer saccharum Marsh. 1,2,3 control. Arbuscular mycorrhizae - Gymnosperm.
http://sevilleta.unm.edu/research/crosssite/carbon/Site_Information.htm
Mycorrhizae
mycorrhizae. Top Science Biology Mycology mycorrhizae 1, A PracticalIntroduction to Mycorrhiza. 2, Above Grounder's Introduction to mycorrhizae.
http://www.ad.com/Science/Biology/Mycology/Mycorrhizae/

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