Geometry.Net - Science: Slugs

Introduction To Slugs And Snails
Introduction to slugs and Snails. Return to Index. slugs AND SNAILS.Introduction to slugs and Snails. slugs and snails belong
http://ipmwww.ncsu.edu/INSECT_ID/AG136/slugintr.html

Extractions: Return to: Index SLUGS AND SNAILS Introduction to Slugs and Snails Slugs and snails belong to the Phylum Mollusca and are more closely related to octopi than insects. Mollusks are a large and diverse group of animals of worldwide distribution. The slugs and snails are much like some insects in their biology. Their damage to ornamental plants resembles that done by caterpillars or wireworms. Slugs and snails are in a subgroup called the Gastropoda, the members of which have a head, a ventral muscular foot, and a shell (internal in slugs and external on snails). Approximately 725 species of land snails and about 40 species of slugs are now known from North America. Most of these have been introduced accidentally. With few exceptions, native species are solitary in habit and do little or no damage. The introduced slugs and snails are usually gregarious and may cause serious damage as they build up large populations in a local area. In many places, slugs and snails have caused as much damage as insect pests. Eradication and control of slugs and snails is difficult and costly. Slugs and snails are usually nocturnal so their damage is noticed before the pests are. Slugs and snails leave silvery slime trails on the ground and over plants. Slugs are able to crawl over the sharp edge of a razor blade without harm. Whenever the plant damage done by snails and slugs is easily observable, it has been determined the live weight of the slugs infesting the area may be around 70 pounds per acre! Slugs and snails may consume several times their own body weight each night; damage can be serious within a short time.
Slugs And Snails
slugs and Snails. Return to Index. Introduction to slugs and SnailsKey to slugs and Snails Arionid Slug; Brown Garden Snail;
http://ipmwww.ncsu.edu/INSECT_ID/AG136/slug.html
Coffee Breaks Slugs
Coffee breaks slugs. Caffeine kills slugs and snails. Humans have a new weaponin the eternal battle against slugs and snails the double espresso.
http://www.nature.com/nsu/020624/020624-8.html

Extractions: 27 June 2002 JOHN WHITFIELD Coffee grounds keep molluscs at bay. Humans have a new weapon in the eternal battle against slugs and snails - the double espresso. Slugs and snails hate caffeine, researchers have discovered. The chemical could become an environmentally acceptable pesticide. Robert Hollingsworth of the United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service in Hilo, Hawaii, and his colleagues were testing caffeine sprays against the coqui frog, an introduced species that infests potted plants. They noticed that a 1-2% caffeine solution killed nearly all the slugs and snails within two days. Concentrations as low as 0.01% put the pests off their dinner. A cup of instant coffee contains about 0.05% caffeine, and brewed coffee has more. Coffee grounds are already recommended as a home remedy for keeping slugs and snails at bay. Grounds repel slugs, Hollingsworth found, but a caffeine solution is much more effective, he says: "Slugs turn back immediately after contacting the [caffeinated soil]." Caffeine is more effective against snails than the current commercial standard, metaldehyde. The United States bans metaldehyde residues in food, but classifies caffeine as safe. It may even qualify as organic, adds Hollingsworth.
Invertebrate Zoology - Molluscs - Snails, Clams, Sea-slugs And Relatives
These animals belong to the phylum Mollusca. Molluscs include chitons, clams,mussels, snails, nudibranchs (seaslugs), tusk shells, octopus and squid.
http://www.amonline.net.au/invertebrates/mal/

Extractions: These animals belong to the phylum Mollusca. Molluscs include chitons, clams, mussels, snails, nudibranchs (sea-slugs), tusk shells, octopus and squid. The study of molluscs is called malacology. Characteristics of molluscs Research The research effort of the section is mainly concentrated on the marine and freshwater snails and sea-slugs. Much of the work is taxonomic, with an emphasis on world-wide, or at least Indo-West Pacific, revisions of groups, but studies on aspects of the biology, ecology and evolution of particular species are also taking place. Projects Staff Winston Ponder (Principal Research Scientist)
Australian Museum Online - Research
Invertebrates Centipedes Crustaceans Insects Segmented worms Spiders their relativesSpiders Website Snails and sea slugs Invertebrate Resource Directory.
http://www.amonline.net.au/research/index.cfm

Extractions: The Australian Museum undertakes an active and innovative program of research into Australia's environments and indigenous cultures. Biodiversity, geodiversity and the origins and sustainability of Australia's environments and cultures are the key focus of this research. Australian Museum collections have scientific and cultural values and content that make them the nation's most important animal, mineral, fossil and anthropological collections.
Vegetable-Insect Pest Management
slugs. In North Carolina many types of ornamental and vegetable plants aredamaged by slugs. Life Cycle In spring eggs hatch and young slugs appear.
http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/ent/notes/Vegetables/veg9.html

Extractions: Placed on the Web 4/95 by the Department of Entomology, NCSU In North Carolina many types of ornamental and vegetable plants are damaged by slugs. Slugs are similar to snails but differ from snails in that they do not have a hard protective spiral shell. There are many species of slugs in this state which vary in appearance and habits. Size The size varies from less than one-half inch to more than four inches in length and from one-eight to one-half inches in width. Color The color varies from ash-gray or yellowish-gray to black. Some are the same basic color throughout the body; others are mottled. Immature slugs resemble adults but are smaller and usually lighter in color. Eggs Eggs are gelatinous and watery in appearance. They range in size from 1/8 inch in diameter to almost 1/4 inch and vary in shape from round to oval. In the colder parts of NC, only the eggs overwinter. Eggs are resistant to summer heat, excessive moisture and prolonged drying. They are laid in clusters of about 25 on the soil surface in concealed moist locations. Life Cycle In spring eggs hatch and young slugs appear. They resemble adults but may be lighter in color and smaller. Most slugs become mature and lay eggs in the fall of the first year of their life. If not killed by cold weather, they may live for two or more years. Slugs are active at night. Their silver-colored slime trails are quite noticeable each morning.
The Slugs
The slugs. Their songwriting. The slugs soon added lead singer Tristan Gallagherfrom Cambridge, England, who teamed up with Dag on songwriting.
http://search.centerstage.net/music/whoswho/TheSlugs.html

Extractions: Their story starts the same; it's the sound and the longevity that makes it interesting. Four teen boys with rockstar aspirations shirk all college-resume type obligations for hours spent jamming in back yards and basements. The Juhlin brothers, Gregg (bass) and Dag (guitar) met up with Al Pasulson (guitar) and Mike Halston (drums) to give birth to The Slugs in March, 1983. With a slew of cover songs under their belt, The Slugs subscribed to the loud and fast trend of 70s hard rock, fused with a bit of the new rootsy pop that was hitting the scene. Paulson left for the West Coast soon after, leaving a dedicated trio whose debut single "Walking in Circles" moved the group toward more sophisticated songwriting. The Slugs soon added lead singer Tristan Gallagher from Cambridge, England, who teamed up with Dag on songwriting. Though Gallagher left in 1985, the experience was fruitful in that they recorded originals under the guidance of producer Phil Bonnet
BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | Caffeine 'repels Slugs'
Wednesday, 26 June, 2002, 1816 GMT 1916 UK Caffeine 'repels slugs' Caffeine Alethal neurotoxin to garden pests Scientists have stumbled on a secret weapon
http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_2067000/2067214.stm

Extractions: Scientists have stumbled on a secret weapon against snails and slugs. They have discovered the garden pests are poisoned by caffeine. A strong cup of coffee is enough to send the creatures into a writhing frenzy, followed soon by death. Scientists think caffeine acts as a potent neurotoxin against the pests. The finding may be of use to gardeners and commercial growers. Slugs and snails are notoriously difficult to deter from attacking plants. The chemicals currently used to control them are not permitted as residues on food crops. Caffeine - regarded as safer and more environmentally acceptable - could be very useful in pest control. Special brew The discovery was made by scientists at the US Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service in Hawaii. They were testing a caffeine spray against frog pests when they noticed slugs were dying.
Later's Pest Info Bulletin - Slugs & Snails
slugs Snails. Solutions Prevention Water plants in the morning so area driesduring the day so that slugs will look elsewhere for moist areas at night.
http://www.laters.com/insects/slugs.htm

Extractions: Description: Slimy, soft-bodied molluscs Generations Per Year: Slugs and Snails have both male and female organs and as such are capable of laying tiny, shiny, gelatinous eggs in the soil on their own. Over-winter as: Mostly as adults, but also as eggs. Egg Stage: Masses are laid in damp, dark places or in the soil. Held together by a sticky secretion that turns yellow. Eggs hatch in about a month. Young Stage: Resemble adults but smaller. This stage can take several years to mature. Adult Stage: Live for about a year. Plants Attacked: Vegetables, Flowers (especially Coleus, Cineraria, Geraniums, Marigolds and Snapdragons. Damage: Chewed leaves and stems. Plants Disliked: Stinging Nettles, Wormwood (artemisia).
Bugs And Stuff By Otter Bay Gifts - Snails & Slugs
, Choose Quantity. Chocolate Slug onSnails slugs. Asst. Critters Snails slugs. Click to enlarge,Product
http://www.bugsandstuff.com/shop/snail1.htm
Why Banana Slugs?
Brief information, images, and links related to Arilomax californicus.Category Science Biology Mollusca Gastropoda PulmonatesWhy banana slugs? Photograph © The Times Standard, August 18. 1996. It's sillyreally. I started hanging out with banana slugs Arilomax californicus.
http://www.angelfire.com/ca3/landoslugs/slug1.html

Extractions: Why banana slugs? It's silly really. You see I spent two summers working for a one of California's Redwood State Parks. I was 6 miles from a phone and had no neighbors. As timing would have it, I had just left a relationship. Needless to say a large three bedroom house, all alone was not only quiet, but rather lonely. I had just moved to the area and had no friends. Having so much time alone will make you do crazy things. I started hanging out with banana slugs- Arilomax californicus. At first it was rather dull and not much to look at, but then things got interesting. I began to do experiments to see what types of plants the little guy/gals would eat. I put one on plexiglass and watched it move using a layer of slime and muscle contractions. I began to realize that each day I was seeing the same slugs. Small nicks on their back, unusual size and markings made each and every slug familiar. At a time when I needed them most I found friends in banana slugs. Joeseph, the rather long one had a craving for banana bread. I swear that slug knew when I was about to get off work- he was always in the same spot waiting for me. I watched the slugs. Not only did I learn that the hole on their side was an opening to their lung, I saw them open and close it in order to keep out the rain. When I looked really close I could see the tiny black dots atop of thier antennae that is their eyes. It made me wonder what I looked like to a slug. My time at the park and my study of slugs only made my love for them grow. I hope you enjoy this site and hope that I might be able to answer some of the questions you might have about slugs. Try to remember that slugs are someonbody's friend and try not to a-salt them!
URG FAQs - Slugs And Snails And Gardeners' Wails
slugs and Snails and Gardeners' Wails FAQ. Chris French replied, It's a nematodewhich parasitises the slugs. slugsure is the name of the Defenders version.
http://www.tmac.clara.co.uk/urgring/faqslug1.htm

Extractions: Chemical Control Biological Control Organic Control Slug/Snail Resistant Plants ... Links Chemical Control Alan Holmes suggested, "Lots of slug pellets! It's the only way." Jon Rouse gave up other methods of control and opted for blue pellets of death. He writes, "the effect has been dramatic. Some pots in which we thought things had long since died have suddenly sprung into life, surrounded by slug corpses. Even my gorse bush, the mate to which I threw out last year 'cos it seemed to be dead, now has new growth at its tips, and a surround of slug and snail bodies. Incidentally, did anyone hear about the snail trail theory? Evidently something in the slime of older snails stops younger snails from maturing. If you kill the bigger snails, the trails disappear and younger snails mature to take the place of their late departed brethren." But Richard Roocroft Amanda Beck's solution, "Go out at night with a torch and some salt and watch them sizzle!!"
Growing Your Own Vegetables--Slugs (Oregon State University Extension Service)
Protect Your Plants from Dreaded slugs. slugs thrive west of the Cascades. Handpicking. Hand pick slugs about 2 hours after sunset.
http://eesc.orst.edu/agcomwebfile/edmat/html/grow/slugs.html

Extractions: Slugs thrive west of the Cascades. Damaged plants are marked by slime trails and irregular-shaped holes with smooth edges. Grass cover, mulches, soil cracks, and worm tunnels provide places for slugs to hide and lay eggs. Remove dark, moist habitats and rototill to a depth of 6 inches to eliminate these hiding places. Slugs lay eggs in the fall after rains start, typically in late September and early October. If you reduce the population before they lay eggs, you have won half the battle. Hand pick slugs about 2 hours after sunset. Slice them in half, pierce them, sprinkle them with salt, or scrape them into a bucket of soapy water. Copper strips.
Slugs, FS 277
FS 277 Reprinted June 2000. slugs. JD DeAngelis. The Northwest is famous for slugs.Our mild, damp climate is ideal for slug development and survival.
http://eesc.orst.edu/agcomwebfile/edmat/html/fs/fs277/fs277.html

Extractions: Reprinted June 2000 J.D. DeAngelis The Northwest is famous for slugs. Our mild, damp climate is ideal for slug development and survival. Most of the time, slugs do beneficial things. They cycle organic matter, contributing to our rich soils, and they are an important food source for other wildlife. When they get into our gardens and landscape plantings, however, they can be quite damaging. Slugs are closely related to snails, and both are related to common shellfish such as clams. They all belong to the animal phylum Mollusca and are termed mollusks. About 40 species of land slugs live in the 48 contiguous states. Roughly half are considered economically important. Of the pest species, all but one were introduced into this country. Introduction from foreign lands was, no doubt, by accident. However, at least one pest, the brown garden snail, was intentionally imported as a potential gourmet food item. About 10 pest slug species now are established in Oregon. Slugs primarily are pests of home gardens, where they find excellent conditions for growth and reproduction. Flowers, herbaceous shrubs, and vegetables are available for food. Areas are kept moist by irrigation through the drier times of the season, and there are many places slugs can hide.
The Slugs - Home
HOME is where the heart is Yupp, you've found the home of the slugs.What's new in And so, who are these slugs? Well, the slugs
http://www.telusplanet.net/public/slugs/

Extractions: Yupp, you've found - the home of the Slugs. What's new in here - well our new page of Slug Links is new - newly created for all those who happen to stumble upon our site looking for actual, honest to goodness information on and pictures of real slugs. And then there's Brad's sorta under-utilized Windbag - our sorta new " Blogger " style soap box which replaced our capped Garden Diary page and Brad's still updating the 'Interesting sites as of recent section' at our Lookie Loo page . Can't forget our El Camino page, something that we both hold a keen interest in and a place in our site that is going to start to grow in little leaps and bounds. Then there's the site search/site map doodad page and yeah, the the DUI poem is still here - written by some anonymous person (well worth a read any time of the year).. Brad found it buried in a DUI web site belonging to a Lanett, Alabama police sergeant whose name is Richard Brown - be aware that this guy's web site is very blunt and to the point as it very well should be. Driving while drunk is just plain dumb.
How Slugs Copulate
How slugs Copulate. Pictured are two Great slugs (Limax maximus) in the throesof passion. Chez Zeusslugs drzeus@best.com Anti©1997 Dr. Zeus.
http://drzeus.best.vwh.net/Slugs.html

Extractions: "After crawling up an overhanging branch or wall, these hermaphroditic creatures circle each other for 30-90 minutes while exchanging mutaul caresses with their tentacles and secreting a great quantity of mucus which eventually forms into a twisted patch of glue-like consistency some two inches in diameter. The slugs then entwine themselves corkscrew fashion, detach themselves from their base and hang by a twisted cord of the thickened mucus 8-15 inches long. Still twisting in their embrace, they extrude from their heads their blue, club-shaped penis sacs which then extend into a fan shape at the tips. The two "penial masses" are then intertwined in a tight spiral, the upper coils expanding to form a kind of umbrella. When this is achieved, sperm transfer takes place and the slugs untwist themselves, crawl back up the mucus cord (which one of them eats), slide down the tree or wall and return to their everyday life in such damp environments as the undersides of fallen logs."
Slugs
slugs. By Judy Sedbrook Denver County. Garden slugs are 11/2 to 2inches long when full-grown and are gray to black in color. They
http://www.colostate.edu/Depts/CoopExt/4DMG/Pests/slugs1.htm

Extractions: Slugs By Judy Sedbrook, Colorado Master Gardener SM , Colorado State University Cooperative Extension, Denver County Garden slugs are 1-1/2 to 2 inches long when full-grown and are gray to black in color. They are not insects but mollusks, like oysters and clams, and are often described as snails without shells. Slugs move along by secreting a path of mucus. Hatching from masses found in damp areas of the garden, slugs are one of the first pests of spring. They begin hatching when temperatures are consistently greater than 40 degrees F. Young slugs resemble the adults and begin feeding as soon as they have hatched, creating large holes in the leaves, fruit and crowns of plants. They prefer damp, cool locations and will hide in soil crevices, earthworm holes or under leaves, boards or other garden debris during the day. Wet weather in spring and early summer results in an increase in the slug population. If the weather is dry, they will die or burrow deep into the soil until conditions improve. Slugs feed at night, leaving a silvery trail behind them as they move; a sure sign of their presence. They can consume several times their own body weight each night, causing serious damage in a short time.
Snails Slugs
Snails slugs. Though t. If you're reading this where it's warm andrainy, you shouldn't have problems finding snails and slugs.
http://www.earthfoot.org/backyard/snail&sl.html
Slugs In Home Gardens
FS07561 2000, To Order. slugs in Home Gardens. Jeffrey All rights reserved.slugs can be very damaging pests in moist, shady gardens. They
http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/DG7561.html

Extractions: Jody Fetzer, Integrated Pest Management Coordinator Slugs can be very damaging pests in moist, shady gardens. They feed on the leaves of many plants, especially seedlings. Later in the season they can feed on ripening fruits and vegetables. Slugs are especially numerous during rainy seasons and in well-irrigated gardens. If slugs are abundant one year, it does not mean they will be as common the following season; the relative number of slugs in a given season depends on how moist the growing conditions are. Slugs are best described as snails without shells. They are a type of mollusk, related to clams and oysters. Slugs are soft bodied, generally brownish or grayish, with eye stalks. They vary in size from 1/4 inch to two inches or longer. Slugs leave a silvery slime trail that they secrete as they move. Slugs use file-like mouthparts to rasp and chew plant tissue. Because of their mouthparts, they create irregularly shaped holes. Feeding damage can be cosmetic, however extensive feeding can result in plant stress or even death.
Slugs
Pet slugs. In their coat. The slugs' feelers are made from a sturdy,flexible plasticcovered wire so they won't poke anybody. The
http://www.creatures-kbc.com/slugs.htm

Extractions: Home Dragonflies Butterflies Ladybugs ... Retail purchases Pet Slugs In their natural habitat (what's left of it) slugs perform the important function of cleaning woodland and forest floors of rotting debris, both flora and fauna. In this sense they are like miniature composting machines which speed up the decay of organic material. This is extremely important for building top soil which is vital to the health of a thriving eco-system. Our slug replicas are hand-cut and sculpted from non-endangered woods. After an air-brushed coat of color and an application of spots, they are dipped in high gloss varnish for their "slime" coat. The slugs' feelers are made from a sturdy, flexible plastic-covered wire so they won't poke anybody. The result is a very realistic and lovable handmade creation. Available in four different models and three colors the Leopard Slug (brown with small spots), Santa Cruz Banana Slug (yellow with black blotches) and the Giant Forest Banana Slug (yellow-green with black blotches). Click here On-line purchases can be made using PayPal About PayPal T he three different colors of our magnet slugs: the Leopard Slug (top), Santa Cruz Banana Slug (center) and the Giant Forest Banana Slug (bottom).

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