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This thorough introduction to analytical chemistry prepares readers to evaluate and compare analytical methods and equipment, perform quantitative determinations, and appreciate limits of detection, sensitivity, and specificity.

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Biosensors combine the unique properties of biological systems to selectively recognize and convert molecules with the benefits of physicochemical sensor technology, such as high sensitivity, simplicity of operation and mass production, and modern electronics. Consequently, their development is closely related to progress in two branches of high technology - biotechnology and microelectronics. This book not only presents the state-of-the-art of biosensor research and development to the specialist, but also introduces the layman to the fundamentals of the subject. The relevant features of physicochemical transducer elements as well as biochemical recognition molecules (enzymes, antibodies, receptors) are outlined. Biochemical and biotechnological aspects of biomolecule immobilization and the interplay of biochemical reactions and mass transfer processes are comprehensively treated with regard to their impact on successful sensor design. Examples of immobilization methods are described in detail. The employment of coupled enzyme reactions, higher integrated biocatalytic systems (cell organelles, microbes, tissue sections) and immunocomponents in biosensors is covered extensively.Optical, thermometric, piezoelectric and particularly electrochemical biosensors for more than 100 analytes are presented, including immunosensors. The relative merits and limits of biosensors are discussed using several examples of their application in clinical chemistry, bioprocess control and environmental monitoring. ... Read more

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This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process.We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide.We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

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This book is designed to introduce the reader to a wide range of electroanalytical techniques. It covers the basic theory, the practical aspects and the scope of individual techniques. From this, the reader is able to relate and compare the different techniques on the basis of common features, such as electrode and solution behaviour and electrical circuitry. Having read this book, and completed the various self-assessment questions, the reader should be able to select a suitable method for a particular application. It is not a substitute for practical work and students are encouraged to acquire 'hands-on' experience in conjunction with reading this book. In view of the increasing use of electroanalytical methods, this book will be a very valuable and practical introduction to students applying these techniques for the first time. This series provides a uniquely comprehensive and integrated coverage of analytical chemistry, covering basic concepts, classical methods, instrumental techniques and applications.The learning objectives of each text are clearly identified and the student's understanding of the material is constantly challenged by self-assessment questions with reinforcing or remedial responses. The overall objective of Analytical Chemistry by Open Learning is to enable the student to select and apply appropriate methods and techniques to solve analytical problems, and to interpret the results obtained. ... Read more

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Modern chemical instrumentation now uses some very sophisticated measurement techniques and it can also be very expensive. To use an instrument safely, properly and to best effect, the analyst needs to have an understanding of the basic principles of instrumentation science and technology. Instrumentation does not seek to provide a comprehensive catalogue of different chemical instruments but to introduce the fundamental concepts common to many instruments. Amongst the subjects reviewed are the role of electricity in instruments, electrical measurements, Fourier transform and data handling components. ... Read more

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This is a practical guide for first-time and experienced users of Flow Injection Analysis (FIA). It gives, not a detailed theoretical analysis, but a ``nuts and bolts'' approach to the description of the technique and how it can be utilized to solve analytical chemical problems.

The advantages of flow injection, how, when, why and where it works are all fully explained. Criteria for the choice of hardware and useful hints for maintenance are provided. The large variety of detectors suitable to combine with FIA are discussed, as are special modes of operation, their advantages and their limitations, and also conversion of batch methods to FIA methods. Numerous in-depth descriptions of applications of FIA techniques in water, soil, pharmaceutical and industrial analysis are featured, and a complete bibliography is included.

The authors have spent several years demonstrating, lecturing and using FIA and the basic outline of their book closely follows the schedule of the FIA workshops they have taught. It will be an invaluable tool for all chemists who perform analyses on a routine basis.

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The issue of quality assurance in the analytical chemistry laboratory has become of great importance in recent years.

Quality Assurance in Analytical Chemistry introduces the reader to the whole concept of quality assurance. It discusses how all aspects of chemical analysis, from sampling and method selection to choice of equipment and the taking and reporting of measurements affect the quality of analytical data. Finally, the implementation and use of quality systems are covered. ... Read more

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Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry are usually presented as a sum of chemical and physical foundations, laws, axioms and equations for analytical methods and procedures. In contrast, this book delivers a practice-oriented, general guiding theory valid for all methods and techniques. Starting with a closer look to analytical signals and their dependencies, all the important figures of merit characterizing the power of analytical procedures and the reliability of analytical results are discussed and quantified, such as sensitivity, precision, accuracy and ruggedness. Elements of signal theory, information theory, statistics and fundamentals of calibration are also presented for this aim. The metrological foundations included define strictly the figures of merit in order to minimize confusions still appearing in Analytical Chemistry publications today.

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Notwithstanding the vast amount of environmental analytical chemical literature available, publications dealing with environmental analytical chemistry in a general, integrated manner are rather scant. In fact, most literature on such a relevant topic appears to touch on individual aspects such as water or air pollution, applicable conventional or special equipment used with given matrices and specific pollutant groups. Most of these books are of interest to experts and only a few, if any, provide less experienced readers with a systematic, comprehensive description of environmental analytical issues. This book, which is intended to fill the gap, approaches the subject by focusing on the sample and its handling.

The fourteen chapters that make up the book follow a logical sequence of sample matrices and analyte types. The first six are of paramount importance, as they lay the foundations for a basic, yet comprehensive coverage of the subject in the others. Following the required introduction to environmental chemistry, Chapters 2 to 6 deal sequentially with environmental quality assurance, quality control fundamentals and practical aspects of environmental sampling, the preconcentration of environmental samples and environmental control standards. Chapters 7 to 12 are concerned with the analytical control of inorganic and organic pollutants in air, water and soil. Finally, the last two chapters are devoted to speciation and chemometrics in environmental analysis. Each chapter presents the state-of-the-art of the environmental topic covered, and illustrates it with a wealth of practical examples. Overall, the book contains about one hundred tables, almost two hundred figures and more than 1700 references, all of which make it a pedagogical, current reference work.

On the borderline between a textbook and a monograph, it is intended to be useful both as an academic text for the burgeoning number of undergraduate and postgraduate courses on the subject, as a reference book for those starting work in the environmental field and as a source of first-hand information on environmental science and its practical laboratory aspects.
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Raman Spectroscopy in Archaeology and Art History highlights the important contributions Raman spectroscopy makes as a non-destructive method for characterising the chemical composition and structure and in determining the provenance and authenticity of objects of archaeological and historical importance. It brings together studies from diverse areas and represents the first dedicated work on use of this technique in this increasingly important field.

Coverage includes: An Introduction to Raman Spectroscopy, including practical aspects of Raman spectroscopy and complementary techniques; Dyes and Pigments; Artefacts; Biological Materials and Degradation; Jewellery and Precious Stones. The book contains a broad selection of real-world examples in the form of case studies to provide the reader with a true appreciation of the procedures that need to be invoked to derive spectroscopic information from some of the most challenging specimens and systems. Colour illustrations of objects of investigation and a database of 72 Raman spectra of relevant minerals are included.

With its extensive examples, Raman Spectroscopy in Archaeology and Art History will be of particular interest to specialists in the field, including researchers and scientific/conservation staff in museums. Academics will find it an invaluable reference to the use of Raman spectroscopy.

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Bioanalytical Chemistry provides a thorough introduction for students and practitioners with a broad range of backgrounds from chemistry to medicine. In so doing, it brings together many of the techniques commonly used by biochemists and molecular biologists. The text includes entire chapters on design and implementation of enzyme assays; mass spectrometry; and validation of new methods. Each chapter progresses from basic concepts to applications involving real samples, and ends with a set of problems, while an appendix contains selected answers.The authors have limited mathematical derivations to those that are essential for an understanding of each method and they include a list of suggested reading for further information. This textbook provides an ideal companion for students, researchers, and industrial scientists working in chemistry, biology, biochemistry, pharmacy, and medicine. ... Read more

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Under the guidance of the German Federal Institute for Materials Research (BAM), the standards for fabrication and application of reference materials are presented here in comprehensive form. The areas covered are analytical chemistry, materials science, environmental analysis, clinical and forensic toxicological analysis, and gas and food analysis. A standard reference for every analytical laboratory. ... Read more

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The second edition of this popular title Archaeological Chemistry builds on the successful formula of the first edition. The existing case studies have been expanded to take account of new perspectives and new data in the intervening decade since the 1st edition was published. In addition, two new chapters emphasise the significant increase in molecular and isotopic analysis of organic remains. The two new chapters (stable isotopes and molecules and milk) bring together recent literature about ancient human diets.

Archaeological Chemistry 2nd edition aims to demonstrate the importance and utility of scientific techniques applied to the study of the past. In particular, the role of chemistry is emphasised through a series of case studies. The authors present the scientific investigation as a challenging field of enquiry rather than a routine application of established procedures.

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Photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy differs from traditional infrared spectroscopy in one important way: in its most common implementation, a microphone is used to detect acoustic waves that result from absorption of infrared radiation by a sample. In other words, no optical detector is required to quantify the amount of incident radiation taken up by the sample. This gas-microphone method is one of a series of photoacoustic and photothermal techniques now being used for characterization and analysis of solids, liquids, and gases. Photoacoustic Infrared Spectroscopy represents the most comprehensive resource on this important, emerging technique. Kirk Michaelian’s trenchant study serves as both a text and reference for a broad community of academic and industrial scientists conducting extensive research and applications in photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy. Chapters include:

• Evolution of Photoacoustic Infrared Spectroscopy
• Experimental Methods
• Depth Profiling
• Numerical Methods
• Applications of Photoacoustic Infrared Spectroscopy
• Quantitative Analysis
• Special Topics

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Environmental chemistry is a new, fast developing science aimed at deciphering fundamental mechanisms ruling the behaviour of pollutants in ecosystems. Applying this knowledge to current environmental issues leads to the remediation of environmental media, and to new, low energy, low emission, sustainable processes. This book describes the state-of-the-art advances regarding the pollution of water, soils, atmosphere, food and living organisms by toxic metals, fossil fuels, pesticides and other organic pollutants. Furthermore, the eco-toxicology section presents novel bio-assays to assess the toxicity of various pollutants such as dioxins and endocrine disrupters within complex media. The green chemistry section highlights novel chemical reactions based upon environmentally friendly conditions. The analytical chemistry section describes very sensitive methods which trace the fate of pollutants in complex ecosystems.

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Drawing on the experience and knowledge of a practicing professional, this book provides a comprehensive introduction and practical guide to the development, optimization, and application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in modern environmental and biological analysis. Based on our knowledge of the functioning human brain, ANNs serve as a modern paradigm for computing. Presenting basic principles of ANNs together with simulated biological and environmental data sets and real applications in the field, this volume helps scientists comprehend the power of the ANN model to explain physical concepts and demonstrate complex natural processes.