Book Description
Endocrine Disruptors: Effects on Male and Female Reproductive Systems examines the epidemiology and etiology of environmental toxicants/hormone imposters, many of which act as reproductive toxicants that cause fertility problems and carcinogenic hazards. Thus far, over fifty such hormone imposters/persistent organic pollutants have been identified, the most common of which are organochlorines and dioxins. This book discusses the hazardous effects of endocrine disruptors on gonads, fertility, and sexual and reproductive function, and health hazards leading to the alarming decline in global fertility and rising incidences of breast and prostate cancer. ... Read more

Book Description
The book is devoted to the study of the endocrine-relatedeffects on human health with special reference to carcinogenesis, and tothe assessment of carcinogenic risk. After providing basic information atthe general, cellular and molecular levels, the contents focus on theparadigm of Biologically Based Risk Assessment, as developed formPhysiologically-Based Toxicokinetic Models. The analysis of this materialis proposed as the novel parameters for developing Biologically BasedModels of Carcinogenesis, considered to be more relevant to risk assessmentthan traditional approaches. This data appears unique in an important andrapidly developing field. ... Read more

Book Description
Dealing with research in many aspects of endocrine disruption by environmentally-encountered toxic substances in humans, other mammals, and other vertebrates, this book looks at the role of contaminants as endocrine disruptors. Initial chapters provide a background on the evolution of the vertebrate endocrine system, the evolution of vertebrate systems associated with lipid storage and utilisation, and the degradation and excretion of toxins. Additional chapters examine specific aspects of endocrine disrupting contaminants (EDC), the effects on the immune and nervous system, as well as the effects on the liver and thyroid. Written by experts in their respective fields, each chapter considers the evolution of endocrine signalling, the comparative nature of supporting data, and the separate role of EDCs in adults versus developing embryos. ... Read more

Book Description

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: From Basic Research to Clinical Practice is the first book that provides comprehensive coverage of the three most important themes in the field of EDC research: the basic biology of EDCs, particularly their effects on reproductive systems; EDC effects on humans and wildlife, including biomedical considerations; and potential interventions and practical advice for dealing with the problem of EDCs. This book presents a translational approach to EDC research, spanning both basic biology and clinical applications, and provides a critical link between the laboratory and the physicians office. Scientists and physicians engaged in EDC studies or practice will find that this volume offers insight across all areas of EDC research, including clarifying the mechanisms for EDC effects, understanding the adverse affects of EDCs on humans and wildlife, and offering solutions to the problems created by exposures to EDCs.

Book Description
This digital document is an article from Environmental Health Perspectives, published by Thomson Gale on April 1, 2006. The length of the article is 645 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Bisphenol A and the brain.(Endocrine Disruptors)
Author: Julia R. Barrett
Publication: Environmental Health Perspectives (Magazine/Journal)
Date: April 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 114Issue: 4Page: A217(1)

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Book Description
This digital document is an article from Environmental Health Perspectives, published by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences on April 1, 2003. The length of the article is 7910 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Cancer and developmental exposure to endocrine disruptors. (Research).
Author: Linda S. Birnbaum
Publication: Environmental Health Perspectives (Refereed)
Date: April 1, 2003
Publisher: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Volume: 111Issue: 4Page: 389(6)

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Book Description
This digital document is an article from Environmental Health Perspectives, published by Thomson Gale on June 1, 2007. The length of the article is 417 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Shift in the sexes: are endocrine disruptors changing birth ratios?(Science Selections)
Author: Julia R. Barrett
Publication: Environmental Health Perspectives (Magazine/Journal)
Date: June 1, 2007
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 115Issue: 6Page: A312(1)

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Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Science of the Total Environment, The, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Numerous studies have investigated degradation of individual endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in lab or natural waters. However, natural variations in water matrices and mixtures of EDCs in the environment may confound analysis of the treatment efficiency. Because chemical based analytical methods cannot represent the combined or synergistic activities between water quality parameters and/or the EDC mixtures at environmentally relevant concentrations (@mg L^-^1-ng L^-^1), bioanalytical assessments of residual estrogenic activity in treated water were used to evaluate the performance of the UV based advanced oxidation process for estrogenic contaminants in water. Four EDCs including estradiol (E"2), ethinyl estradiol (EE"2), bisphenol-A (BPA) and nonylphenol (NP) were spiked individually or as a mixture at @mg L^-^1-ng L^-^1 in laboratory or natural river water. The removal rates of estrogenic activity were quantitatively evaluated by in vitro yeast estrogen screen (YES) and in vivo Vitellogenin (VTG) assays with Japanese medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). UV in combination with 10 ppm H"2O"2 as an oxidation process was capable of decreasing in vitro and in vivo estrogenic activity, however, in vivo estrogenic activity of the EDC mixture in natural water was not completely removed at UV fluence up to 2000 mJ cm^-^2. The removal rates of in vitro estrogenic activity of the EDC mixtures were lower than those observed for single compounds, and slower in natural waters, likely due to lower steady-state concentrations of hydroxyl radicals (*OH) in the presence of *OH scavengers from the water matrix and EDC mixture. ... Read more

Book Description
This database, available in print and electronic form, provides information on chemical, physical, and toxicological properties of known and suspected environmental endocrine disruptors in a convenient easy-to-use format. Much of the research on EEDs has focused on the effects of these chemicals on wildlife, linking certain compounds to birth defects and abnormal development of immune and reproductive systems. ... Read more

Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Chemosphere, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
The effects of the endocrine disrupter, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), on the growth of leaf vegetable Bok choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis, white stem Bok choy) were investigated. The results showed that leaves of Bok choy became white in color with the occurrence of chlorosis and necrosis upon treating with 30mgl^-^1 DBP for 42days. Transmission electron microscopic images revealed that changes in the chloroplast structures accompanied the chlorosis. In addition, a decrease in biomass and chlorophyll, and accumulation of DBP, were found in DBP-treated Bok choy. The growth and morphology of Bok choy showed a significant dose-response relationship upon treatment with DBP in a hydroponic culture medium. The proteome of the leaf tissue was analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS). Six protein spots were identified in 2-DE that showed reproducible differences in expression between the normal control and the DBP-treated sample. Based on proteome level studies two protein spots increased and were identified as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase 21 precursor. These proteins are believed to increase in expression in response to free radical exposure as a detoxification mechanism. The other four protein spots that disappeared on treatment with DBP were identified as heat shock cognate protein 80, protein disulfide isomerase precursor, apocytochrome f precursor, and RNA polymerase beta subunit. The first two play an important role in polypeptide folding, the third is associated with electron transport, and the last has a critical function in DNA transcription. This study indicated that DBP affects the proteome formation as well as the physiology and the morphology of Bok choy during growth. The decrease in those four proteins might be related to the growth and development of a plant. ... Read more

Book Description
This digital document is an article from E, published by Earth Action Network, Inc. on March 1, 1996. The length of the article is 1002 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the supplier: Over 40 common industrial and commercial chemicals are 'endocrine disruptors' which cause problems in the sex, growth and development functions of the pituitary, thyroid, adrenals, ovaries and testes. The chemicals are persistent in the environment and can concentrate in food.

Citation Details
Title: Sex offenders. (chemicals as 'endocrine disruptors')
Author: Alyssa Burger
Publication: E (Magazine/Journal)
Date: March 1, 1996
Publisher: Earth Action Network, Inc.
Volume: v7Issue: n2Page: p44(3)

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Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
A chemiluminescence ELISA for the direct detection of ethinylestradiol (EE2) in water at sub-ppt levels was developed and validated. At a signal-to-noise ratio of three the detection limit is 0.2+/-0.1ngL^-^1, at a ratio of 10 the LOQ is found to be 1.4+/-0.8ngL^-^1. Based on a conservatively calculated precision profile the analytical working range is established from 0.8 to 100ngL^-^1. The ELISA was tested in four different matrices, including surface water and effluent of sewage treatment plants. All measurements were validated using an LC-MS/MS method. Typical results were consistent in both methods below 1ngL^-^1. Using this chemiluminescence ELISA facilitates for the first time the direct detection of EE2 at ecotoxicologically relevant concentrations. ... Read more

Book Description
This digital document is an article from Environmental Health Perspectives, published by Thomson Gale on January 1, 2007. The length of the article is 838 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Emerging research on endocrine disruptors.(DIRECTOR'S PERSPECTIVE)
Author: David A. Schwartz
Publication: Environmental Health Perspectives (Magazine/Journal)
Date: January 1, 2007
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 115Issue: 1Page: A13(1)

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Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Desalination, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Endocrine disrupting chemicals and pharmaceuticals represent two classes of emerging contaminants that are ubiquitously present in municipal wastewater effluents. Some of these contaminants have been shown to impact aquatic organisms at trace concentrations (i.e., ng/L). Moreover, the public has expressed human health concerns regarding the presence of emerging contaminants in water reuse projects. The primary objective of this investigation was to determine the efficacy of various membranes and activated carbons for the removal of endocrine disruptors, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products. A suite of structurally diverse target compounds was selected for evaluation based largely upon occurrence and molecular structure. Several membrane types and applications were evaluated at pilot- and/or full-scale, including: microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis reversal, membrane bioreactors, and combinations of membranes in series. Granular activated carbon was evaluated at bench-scale using rapid small scale column tests and at two full-scale utilities. Microfiltration and ultrafiltration were found to reject very few target compounds; however, some loss of steroidal type compounds was observed. Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis were capable of significant rejection of nearly all target compounds, though compounds were detectable at trace levels in permeates. Granular activated carbon was highly effective at removing all target chemicals. However, break-through curves clearly demonstrated that compounds with greater hydrophilicity breach activated carbon faster than hydrophobic compounds. In full-scale applications, the impact of regeneration was observed as activated carbon filters that received regular regeneration had minimal breakthrough of organic contaminants, while non-regenerated filters displayed no removal of target compounds. Findings confirm that membrane and carbon processes are capable of greatly reducing the concentrations of emerging contaminants; however, several compounds are detectable in membrane permeate and carbon effluent. ... Read more

Book Description
Endocrine disruptors are chemical compounds that, among other harmful effects, cause birth defects in humans and animals. They include DES, an anti-nausea drug used in the 1950s during pregnancy, and may be found in over 70 common chemicals ranging from pesticides to plastics. This book looks at recent developments in the area and examines screening/monitoring methods and analytical techniques. ... Read more

Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) are a widely-used small fish model for regulatory ecotoxicology testing and research related to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Quantitative real-time PCR assays for measuring fathead minnow gonadotropin (GtH) @b subunit transcripts were developed and ''baseline'' transcript levels in pituitary tissue were examined over a range of age classes and spawning states. Among females, GtH@b transcripts did not vary significantly with gonadal-somatic index or gonad stage. However, in males, follicle-stimulating hormone @b subunit transcripts decreased significantly with increasing gonad stage, while mean luteinizing hormone @b subunit expression trended in the opposite direction. GtH@b transcript levels measured in pituitaries from fish that had spawned within the preceding 24 h were not significantly different from those from fish that were 2-3 days post-spawn. Exposure to the fungicide ketoconazole, a known steroidogenesis inhibitor, for 21 days significantly affected the abundance of GtH@b transcripts in pituitary tissue in males, but not females. This study provides critical data needed to design and interpret effective experiments for studying direct and indirect effects of EDCs on GtH subunit mRNA expression. Results of such experiments should facilitate a greater understanding of integrated system-wide responses of the fathead minnow brain-pituitary-gonadal axis to stressors including EDCs. ... Read more

Book Description
This digital document is an article from Environmental Health Perspectives, published by Thomson Gale on June 1, 2006. The length of the article is 473 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: PCBs are endocrine disruptors: mixture affects reproductive development in female mice.(Science Selections)
Author: Victoria McGovern
Publication: Environmental Health Perspectives (Magazine/Journal)
Date: June 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 114Issue: 6Page: A368(2)

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Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Environmental Research, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Fetal male sex development proceeds along an orderly sequence of events coordinated by an interplay of genetic and hormonal events. These operate in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Once a testis is formed (the female sex being constitutive in nature), differentiation of the internal and external male genitalia is androgen dependent. A number of genetic syndromes of sex reversal are well characterized at the biochemical and molecular levels. They fall into three principal categories: defects in formation of the testis, defects in production of androgens, and defects in the action of androgens. In many instances, the precise cause is not established, although the investigative evidence points in the direction of one of the three stated classifications. Polymorphic variants in several of the genes involved in male development are associated with certain degrees of male undermasculinization. While the genetic background is essentially static, it is plausible that the effect of endocrine disruptors during fetal life acting through epigenetic mechanisms may partly explain the observed changing trends in male reproductive tract disorders. ... Read more