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This digital document is a journal article from Chemosphere, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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In the last few years many concerns have been raised regarding the environmental safety of alkylphenol polyethoxylate surfactants (APnEOs).They are widely used in detergents, paints, herbicides and many other formulated products. It has been estimated that 60% of APnEOs end up in the aquatic environment; they are biodegradable and transformed into alkylphenols, such as nonylphenol and octylphenol that are hydrophobic and tend to accumulate. In the present study, acute and chronic aquatic toxicity and the estrogenic activity of the following eight alkylphenols were assessed: 4-nonylphenol, 4-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenol-10-ethoxylate, 4-tert-octylphenol, POE (1 to 2)-nonylphenol, POE (6)-nonylphenol, POE (3)-tert-octylphenol and POE (9 to 10)-tert-octylphenol. The toxic potential was measured on the crustaceans Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia, while the estrogenic activity was determined by using the YES-test with the strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae RMY326. The results showed that the exposure of crustaceans to the eight xenoestrogens investigated caused both acute and chronic effects. The EC50 values found for C. dubia at 48h were compared to D. magna at 24h and, gave a first indication about the toxic activity of the compounds investigated, that is better expressed in the long-term. In fact, chronic data showed a strong increase in toxicity with EC50 values one or two orders of magnitude lower than the acute values. The results of the YES-test showed that nonylphenol, octylphenol and 4-tert-octylphenol were the most estrogenic and the bioassay was able to detect their estrogenicity at very low concentrations (ng-@mg/l). ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Environmental Pollution, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Effects of trenbolone (TBOH), a hormone used in cattle production, on the structure and function of microbial communities in a fresh water sediment from a lake in Southern Germany were studied in a microcosm experiment. The microbial community structure and the total gene pool of the sediment, assessed by 16S rRNA/rDNA and RAPD fingerprint analysis, respectively, were not significantly affected by TBOH. In contrast, the N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activity was almost 50% lower in TBOH treated samples (P<0.05). Also, the substrate utilization potential, measured using the BIOLOG^(R) system, was reduced after TBOH treatment. Interestingly, this potential did not recover at the end of the experiment, i.e. 19 days after the addition of the chemical. Repeated application of TBOH did not lead to an additional reduction in the substrate utilization potential. Overall results indicate that microbial community function was more sensitive to TBOH treatment than the community structure and the total gene pool. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Environmental Health Perspectives, published by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences on January 1, 2010. The length of the article is 5690 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Modulation of cytokine expression in human myeloid dendritic cells by environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals involves epigenetic regulation.(Research)(Report)
Author: Chih-Hsing Hung
Publication: Environmental Health Perspectives (Magazine/Journal)
Date: January 1, 2010
Publisher: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Volume: 118Issue: 1Page: 67(6)

Article Type: Report

Distributed by Gale, a part of Cengage Learning ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Science of the Total Environment, The, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Samples were collected from two stormwater canals and a recreational urban waterway known as Bayou St. John in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA and analyzed for a range of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Concentrations of 7 PPCPs and EDCs were measured by a method that provides for simultaneous extraction and quantification of the following compounds: clofibric acid, naproxen, ibuprofen, fluoxetine, clorophene, triclosan, bisphenol A. The method also was used as an indicator of the occurrence of estrogenic compounds by targeting estrone and 17@b-estradiol. The two canals (Orleans and London) are used to drain a portion of the city's stormwater directly into the Mississippi River or Lake Pontchartrain. Bayou St. John is located between the two canals and supplied with water from Lake Pontchartrain. Results from the 6-month sampling period indicated the following concentration ranges for the two stormwater canals: naproxen (ND - 145 ng/l), ibuprofen (ND - 674 ng/l), triclosan (ND - 29 ng/l) and bisphenol A (1.9-158 ng/l). Concentrations of these target analytes increased with cumulative rainfall. For bayou waters, only naproxen (2.1-4.8 ng/l) and bisphenol A (0.9-44 ng/l) were detected. Estrone was detected but determined non-quantifiable for multiple sampling events at the 3 sites. None of the other target analytes (clofibric acid, fluoxetine, clorophene, and 17@b-estradiol) were detected above their method detection levels. Results of this study demonstrate the occurrence of PPCPs and EDCs in New Orleans stormwater canals and Bayou St. John. Results also demonstrate the use of this analytical technique as an indicator of non-point source sewage contamination in New Orleans stormwater canals. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Pollution A to Z, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 1142 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.Provides the latest information on a variety of pollution issues, including sources, disposal, remediation, the ethical, social, and legal environment, careers, and much more. Articles range from topical essays on acid rain, cancer, noise pollution, and zero growth population to biographies on key figures. ... Read more

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Addresses many aspects of endocrine disruption by environmental encountered toxic substances. Initial chapters provide essential background information whilst later chapters address specific aspects of endocrine disrupting contaminants (EDC) ... Read more

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Endocrine disruptor. Endocrine system, DDT, Bisphenol A, Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, Phthalate ... Read more

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"Preventing Children's Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors - ATeaching Aid" is a publication in the series "Protecting Children'sHealth." It is a slide show presentation to help parents and teachersunderstand the complex technical issues involved with this newcategory of chemical pollutants that threaten our children. Thesechemicals do not appear to harm adults. However, they harm ourchildren and the younger the child is the greater is the risk ofharm. The unborn child is thus at greatest risk. Endocrine disruptorsaffect the developing fetus and young children by causing a variety ofendocrine and reproductive system defects including malformations ofnewborns, undecended testicles, abnormal sperm, low sperm counts,feminization of males and masculinization of females, thyroiddysfunction, various types of cancer such as cervical, breast andprostate cancer, etc. Dr. Keith presents an overview of what is knownand what is not yet known about these chemical pollutants at a levelthat everyone can understand. The very latest developments arepresented along with ways to prevent or minimize children's exposureto these chemicals. Using this knowledge, parents and teachers will beable to read and discuss new developments in this critical field asthey unfold over the next several years. The slides may be used withMicrosoft's PowerPoint Viewer for presentations or printed forhandouts. Teachers will be able to use this publication for materialsthat can be used to discuss this topic at PTA meetings, othercommunity and public outreach forums, and in the classroom. ... Read more

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The bioaccumulation of endocrine disruptors, persistent organic chemicals and other compounds of high environmental impact has become of increasing interest in most recent environmental research, risk analysis and toxicology. This volume gives an up-to-date overview and introduces the reader to the new concept of "internal effect concentration" linking bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the food chain to ecotoxicology and risk assessment. ... Read more

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Molecular Toxicology is the first volume of a three-volume set Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology that offers a comprehensive and in-depth response to the increasing importance and abundance of chemicals in daily life. By providing intriguing insights far down to the molecular level, this work covers the entire range of modern toxicology with special emphasis on recent developments and achievements. It is written for students and professionals in medicine, science, public health and engineering who are demanding reliable information on toxic or potentially harmful agents and their adverse effects on the human body.

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This digital document is a journal article from Chemosphere, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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The widely used herbicide, atrazine, has been reported to exhibit reproductive toxicity in rats and amphibians. The present studies investigate toxicity of atrazine in Japanese quail and its ability to influence reproduction in sexually immature females. Atrazine was administered in the diet at concentrations from 0.001 to 1000ppm (~109mgkg^-^1 per day) or systemically via daily subcutaneous injections (1 and 10mgkg^-^1) or Silastic implants. Atrazine did not cause overt toxicity in sexually immature female quail (no effects on change in body weight, feed intake, mortality or on circulating concentrations of the stress hormone, corticosterone). It was hypothesized that if atrazine were to have estrogenic activity or to enhance endogenous estrogen production, there would be marked increases in the weights of estrogen sensitive tissues including the oviduct, the liver and the ovary together with changes in gonadotropin secretion. However, atrazine had no effect on either liver or ovary weights. Atrazine in the diet increased oviduct weights at 0.1 and 1ppm in some studies. These effects were not consistently observed and were not significant when data from studies were combined. Systemic administration of atrazine had no effect on oviduct weights. Dietary (concentrations from 0.001 to 1000ppm) and systemically administered atrazine had no effect on circulating concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH). The present studies provide evidence for a lack of general or reproductive toxicity of atrazine in birds. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Environmental Health Perspectives, published by Thomson Gale on September 1, 2007. The length of the article is 7340 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Secondary sex ratio among women exposed to Diethylstilbestrol in utero.(Research)(Clinical report)
Author: Lauren A. Wise
Publication: Environmental Health Perspectives (Magazine/Journal)
Date: September 1, 2007
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 115Issue: 9Page: 1314(7)

Article Type: Clinical report

Distributed by Thomson Gale ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Chemosphere, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Nonylphenol (NP) is known as an endocrine disruptor and consequently has drawn much environmental concern. This study focused on seasonal variation and spatial distribution of NP in various matrices including water, suspended particles, and sediment taken from Lanzhou Reach of Yellow River in China. NP was measured in July and November in 2004. Concentrations of NP in water ranged from 34.2 to 599.0ng/l, in suspended particles from 49.6 to 2835.2ng/g dry wt, and in sediment from 38.4 to 863.0ng/g dry wt. In terms of most water and suspended particles samples, concentrations were higher in warmer seasons than in colder seasons. Good linear correlations (R^2=0.90in July, R^2=0.97in November) were obtained for NP concentrations between water and suspended particles. In terms of sediment samples, concentrations were higher in November than in July, probably due to greater deposition of suspended particles. Reasonable linear correlations (R^2=0.60 in July, R^2=0.79 in November) were obtained for NP concentrations between water and sediment. ... Read more