Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Environmental Science and Policy, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
A methodology is presented here to assess the potential long-term contribution of non-CO"2 greenhouse gases in mitigation scenarios. The analysis shows the future development of the mitigation potential of non-CO"2 gases (as a function of changes in technology and implementation barriers) to represent a crucial parameter for the overall costs of mitigation scenarios. The recently developed marginal abatement cost curves for 2010 in the EMF-21 project are taken as the starting point. First-order estimates were made of the future maximum attainable reduction potentials and costs on the basis of available literature. The set of MAC curves developed was used in a multi-gas analysis for stabilising greenhouse gas concentrations at 550ppm CO"2-equivalent. Including future development for the non-CO"2 mitigation options not only increases their mitigation potential but also lowers the overall costs compared to situations where no development is assumed (3-21% lower in 2050 and 4-26% lower in 2100 in our analysis). Along with the fluorinated gases, energy-related methane emissions make up the largest share in total non-CO"2 abatement potential as they represent a large emission source and have a large potential for reduction (towards 90% compared to baseline in 2100). Most methane and nitrous oxide emissions from landuse-related sources are less simple to abate, with an estimated abatement potential in 2100 of around 60% and 40%, respectively. ... Read more

Book Description
This electronic book on CD-ROM provides the most up-to-dateand comprehensive collection available anywhere of official information anddocuments on climate change, global warming, greenhouse gases, and ozonedepletion. Hundreds of reports from the EPA, NASA, NOAA, EnergyDepartment, DOT, State Department, and United Nations cover every aspectof the problem, from the latest climate science data to regulatory action in theUnited States and elsewhere. There is extensive material on the proposedKyoto Protocol on Climate Change, inventories of carbon dioxide and othergreenhouse gas emissions, US and world temperature measurements andtrends, spacecraft observations, impacts on sea levels and individual states,research papers, energy production and consumption, paleoclimatology, ozonedepletion, polar ozone hole, the Montreal Protocol controlling ozone-depletingchemicals, chlorofluorocarbons, and much more - over 30,000 pages of superbinformation. Please see the Table of Contents link on this page for additionalcontent details.

This book-on-a-disc makes a superb reference work for concerned citizens andenvironmentalists, researchers, libraries, schools, students, and homereference!

Our CD-ROM is designed to provide a convenient user-friendly generalreference work, utilizing the benefits of the Adobe Acrobat format to uniformlypresent thousands of pages that can be rapidly reviewed or printed withoutuntold hours of tedious searching and downloading. Vast archives of importantgovernment information that might otherwise remain inaccessible are availablefor instant review.

The documents are reproduced using Adobe Acrobat PDF software - allowingdirect viewing on Windows and Apple Macintosh systems. Reader software isincluded on the CD. ... Read more

Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Agricultural management of grasslands results in sequestration and emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs, particularly CO"2, N"2O and CH"4). Here, we used a process-based model (DNDC) to estimate the fluxes of the major GHGs from grasslands at 0.5^o resolution across Europe, and combined these to produce a spatially explicit estimate of the total global warming potential (GWP, expressed in CO"2 equivalents). The DNDC model [Li, C., Frolking, S., Crocker, G.J., Grace, P.R., Klir, J., Korchens, M., Poulton, P.R., 1997. Simulating trends in soil organic carbon in long-term experiments using the DNDC model. Geoderma 81, 45-60] simulates carbon and nitrogen cycling in agro-ecosystems at a sub-daily time step and consists of four interacting submodels: soil and climate (including water flow and leaching), plant growth, decomposition, and denitrification. Input data sets for grassland area, climate, nitrogen deposition, and soil properties were collated. The typical current grassland management regime was established for ten biogeographical regions on the basis of questionnaires sent to national experts, and used to derive model input data. A 20-year simulation was carried out using DNDC for each site. Simple estimates of methane emissions from grazing livestock were made according to the IPCC Tier 1 method. Most grassland areas are net sources for GHGs in terms of total global warming potential-the beneficial effect of sequestering carbon in soil is outweighed by the emissions of N"2O from soil and (predominantly) CH"4 emissions from livestock. The net effect of European grasslands on GWP (emission of 23TgCyear^-^1) corresponds to a 2.5% increase on the EU-15 fossil fuel CO"2 emissions (907TgCyear^-^1). ... Read more

Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Energy Policy, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Iran's demographic profile is sharply youth oriented and this upcoming generation's needs for employment and housing, coupled with low-energy efficiency vectors and consumption patterns, has created a constant rise in energy demand and greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions in the residential sector. Improved energy efficiency as a national policy lynchpin for demand reduction and GHGs mitigation, has become commonplace. OPEC countries however, Iran included, suffer an obvious lack of consumer incentive because of low fuel prices. This study evaluates the twin impacts of price reform and efficiency programs on energy carriers' consumption and GHGs mitigation in the Iranian housing sector. For this purpose, the demand functions for energy carriers, has been developed by econometrics process models. The results reveal that price elasticity for electricity demand in the Constant Elasticity Model for the short-run while the long-run is -0.142 and -0.901, respectively. In the Variable Elasticity Model the 250% increase in electricity rates in the short-run resulted in a price elasticity change from -0.02 to -0.475, hence the 250% increase in electricity pricing for the long-run resulted in the price elasticity change from -0.15 to -2.0. Finally, aided by a Scenario-Based Approach the impact of fuel pricing and efficiency improvement in trends of energy demand and GHGs emission were assessed in a Scenarios Base, developed on two different cases of Business-as-Usual (BAU) and Management. The results indicate that in the BAU case between 2000 and 2011, the energy demand and CO"2 emission increases with an annual growth rate of 7.5% and 6.8%, respectively. Comparatively, if the energy carriers' price is increased to border price and energy efficiency programs are implemented, they will stimulate carriers' demand and CO"2 emissions growth rate decreases to 4.94% and 3.1%, respectively. ... Read more

Book Description
This digital document is an article from Industrial Environment, published by Thomson Gale on May 1, 2007. The length of the article is 1064 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: MARRIOT ON TRACK TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE GASES 1 MILLION TONS.
Author: Gale Reference Team
Publication: Industrial Environment (Magazine/Journal)
Date: May 1, 2007
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 18Issue: 5Page: NA

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Book Description
This digital document is an article from Forest Products Journal, published by Forest Products Society on October 1, 2003. The length of the article is 400 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: AF&PA members pledge to reduce greenhouse gases.(Techno News; American Forest & Paper Association )
Publication: Forest Products Journal (Refereed)
Date: October 1, 2003
Publisher: Forest Products Society
Volume: 53Issue: 10Page: 5(1)

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Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Chemosphere, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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In this paper, we addressed the utilization of photochemical method as an innovative technology for the destruction and removal of two potent greenhouse gases, SF"6 and SF"5CF"3. The destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of the process was determined as a function of excitation wavelength, irradiation time, initial ratio of acetone to SF"5X (X represented F or CF"3), initial SF"5X concentration, additive oxygen and water vapor concentration. A complete removal was achieved by a radiation period of 55min and 120min for SF"6-CH"3COCH"3 system and SF"5CF"3-CH"3COCH"3 system respectively under 184.9nm irradiation. Extra addition of water vapor can enhance DRE by approximately 6% points in both systems. Further studies with GC/MS and FT-IR proved that no hazardous products such as S"2F"1"0, SO"2F"2, SOF"2, SOF"4 were generated in this process. ... Read more

Book Description
This digital document is an article from The Register-Guard (Eugene, OR), published by Thomson Gale on October 5, 2005. The length of the article is 1045 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Report: New rules will slash car pollution.(Government)(OSPIRG says the tougher standards would reduce emissions of greenhouse gases by the equivalent of 350,000 vehicles)
Publication: The Register-Guard (Eugene, OR) (Newspaper)
Date: October 5, 2005
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Page: D1

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Book Description
This digital document is an article from Winnipeg Free Press, published by Thomson Gale on February 2, 2007. The length of the article is 1228 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Draft report sounds warning; Effect of greenhouse gases 'unequivocal', world scientists assert.(World Wire)
Author: Gale Reference Team
Publication: Winnipeg Free Press (Magazine/Journal)
Date: February 2, 2007
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Page: a19

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Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Energy Policy, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Energy models are considered as valuable tools to assess the impact of various energy and environment policies. The ACROPOLIS initiative, supported by the European Commission and the International Energy Agency, used up to 15 energy models to simulate and evaluate selected policy measures and instruments and then compare their impacts on energy systems essentially in terms of costs of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) reduction and energy technology choice. Four case studies are formulated considering policies and measures on renewable portfolio schemes and internationally tradable green certificates, emissions trading and global GHG abatement target, energy efficiency standards and internalisation of external costs. The main focus of the project is on the electricity sector. From a large set of quantified results, ACROPOLIS provides an international scientific consensus, on some key issues, which could be useful in assessing and designing energy and environment policies at the world, European and national/regional levels. It concludes that the Kyoto targets (and their continuation beyond 2010 in specific scenarios) could be achieved at a cost around 1% of GDP through global emissions trading, indicating also that this flexibility mechanism is a more cost-effective instrument for GHG mitigation than meeting the goal domestically without trade. It demonstrates that internalising external costs through a price increase reduces local pollutants (SO"x, NO"x, and others) and it produces other benefits such as triggering the penetration of clean technologies in addition to the curbing of CO"2 emissions. ... Read more

Product Description
This part of ISO 14064 specifies principles and requirements at the organization level for quantification and reporting of greehouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals. It includes requirements for the design, development, management, reporting and verification of an organization's GHG inventory.ISO 14064 is GHG programme neutral. If a GHG programme is applicable, requirements of that GHG programme are additional to the requirements of ISO 14064. ... Read more

Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
We performed trend analyses using hourly data of CO, CO"2, CH"4, and O"3 from 1998 to 2004 on Yonagunijima (24^o28'N, 123^o01'E), which is a small island in south Japan and located close to the Asian continent. The hourly CO concentrations observed were classified as ''regional events'' or ''background events'' based on the time scale of the variations. In addition, the hourly mean CO"2, CH"4, and O"3 concentrations observed were also classified as regional or background events based on the CO events. The trends in the regional and background events in the four parameters were analyzed separately. The annual mean CO concentration in the regional event classified above on Yonagunijima was well consistent with the annual coal consumption in China. The annual mean concentrations of all parameters in the regional event were higher than those in the background event. For CO and CO"2, the mean growth rates classified as regional events were evidently larger than those classified as background events, and their concentration differences (concentration in the regional event minus that in the background event) have been increasing on Yonagunijima. As the frequency of regional events on Yonagunijima was 44%, the influence of the increase in regional events on the atmospheric environment in East Asia cannot be neglected. ... Read more